Differ rats inbred strains. Medical search. Frequent questions

Analysis of mammary ductal growth and branching in 43 strains of inbred mice identified 20 QTL. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
Long-term exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) increased ductal branching to a similar extent in wild type BALB/cJ and 129/SvEv female mice but no mammary tumors were observed in either strain. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
The three types have been shown to differ widely in a number of phenotypes in mice such as virulence, persistence, migratory capacity, attraction of different cell-types and induction of cytokine expression. (saeijlab.com)
The expansion and subsequent diversification of Toxoplasma effector genes, such as ROP5 , is likely an evolutionary strategy of multi-host parasites to be able to bind to the divergent substrates in different host species, for example immunity related GTPases in mice and rats. (saeijlab.com)
[4] Familiar albino animals include in-bred strains of laboratory animals (rats, mice and rabbits), but populations of naturally occurring albino animals exist in the wild, e.g. (wikipedia.org)
For other inbred genomes, such as inbred strains of mice or rats, substitute the appropriate reference genome (mm9 or rn3.4). (mpg.de)
A number of studies have indicated that CR can increase the lifespan (50-300%) and reduce the onset of age-related diseases in a variety of organisms (e.g. rats, mice, flies, worms, and yeast). (longevitywiki.org)
[5] This means that while some mice strains obtain lifespan benefits, others may attain no benefit or even experience harmful consequences. (longevitywiki.org)
Authors argued that strong differences in longevity were not noted possibly because wild animals have a higher genetic variation than inbred mice, which could affect CR strength. (longevitywiki.org)
Inbred mice have shown to benefit significantly less from CR interventions than non-inbred mice, with some inbred mice strains not benefiting at all from CR. (longevitywiki.org)
Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes for Neutrophil Recruitment in Sterile Inflammation Mapped in AXB-BXA Recombinant Inbred Mice. (genenetwork.org)
Evaluation of heritable determinants of blood and brain serotonin homeostasis using recombinant inbred mice. (genenetwork.org)

One of the key strengths of using inbred strains as a model is that strains are readily available for whatever study one is performing and that there are resources such as the Jackson Laboratory, and FlyBase, where one can look up strains with specific phenotypes or genotypes from among inbred lines, recombinant lines, and coisogenic strains. (wikipedia.org)
2. The antigenic targets for alloantibodies formed after leucocyte transfusions and multiple allogeneic pregnancies were defined by the EA rosette inhibition (EAI) assay in several congenic and recombinant inbred rat strains. (portlandpress.com)
responses to the latter three antigens could not be separated with available congenic recombinant inbred rat strains. (portlandpress.com)
QTL associated with regression of testes induced by DES were identified on chromosomes 1 and 7 in recombinant inbred male rats. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
Alam G, Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP, Lu L, Williams RW, Jones BC 2016 MPTP neurotoxicity is highly concordant between the sexes among BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains. (genenetwork.org)
Xue Y, Li J, Yan L, Lu L, Liao FF 2015 Genetic variability to diet-induced hippocampal dysfunction in BXD recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains. (genenetwork.org)

DES induced thymic regression in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
Two inbred mouse strains (BALB/c and A/J) and one outbred strain (ICR) were subcutaneously injected with saline solutions containing penicillin G (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/mouse), D-penicillamine (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mouse), or barbital (2 mg/mouse) into one hind footpad and saline only was injected into the contralateral footpad. (go.jp)

Breeding of inbred strains is often towards specific phenotypes of interest such as behavioural traits like alcohol preference or physical traits like aging, or they can be selected for traits that make them easier to use in experiments like being easy to use in transgenic experiments. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic polymorphism influences inflammation in the central nervous system and it is possible that the antioxidative response differs between phenotypes and affects the severity of the secondary injury. (eneuro.org)
Nature Communications 7:10464 [Best reference on the BXD family of strains and the wide range of phenotypes that have been generated over the past 40 years. (genenetwork.org)

A strain is inbred when it has undergone at least 20 generations of brother x sister or offspring x parent mating, at which point at least 98.6% of the loci in an individual of the strain will be homozygous, and each individual can be treated effectively as clones. (wikipedia.org)
This yields offspring with an isogenic SS background for all but the target chromosome as shown in (B). Selected male and female rats are then mated resulting in approximately 25% of the offspring being homozygous for the chromosome of interest. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
It was designed to reassemble homozygous genomes, eg inbred strains or haploid organisms, where a reference genome is available that is sufficiently similar to the genome of the sequenced sample that most reads are alignable using a standard short read mapper such as Stampy, MAQ, SMALT, BWA. (mpg.de)

N/Nih and Fawn Hooded (FH), with that seen in the more commonly employed Sprague-Dawley strain (SPD). (omeka.net)
In the present study we investigated the effect of a brief exposure (15 s) to a conditioned aversive stimulus (CS) on the proliferative response of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in Lewis, Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. (researchwithrutgers.com)
Enhancement of PBL responsiveness to mitogens was observed in Fischer and Sprague-Dawley rats immediately after exposure to the CS. (researchwithrutgers.com)
A significant decrease in the response of PBL to mitogens was found in Lewis and Sprague-Dawley rats 10 min after exposure to the CS. (researchwithrutgers.com)
The PBL response of Sprague-Dawley and Fischer rats returned to baseline at 30 min, but not in Lewis rats. (researchwithrutgers.com)
The earliest suppression of spleen mitogenic function after exposure to the CS was in Fischer rats, while the Lewis rats had the latest onset of suppression, with the Sprague-Dawley rats being intermediate. (researchwithrutgers.com)

Inbred F344. (bvsalud.org)
In rats, the F433 strain was most responsive in pituitary and uterine tissues, but DES-induced thymic regression was greatest in the SD strain compared to F344 and BN. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
When pituitary weight was used as a phenotypic indicator of estrogen stimulated lactotroph proliferation, five QTL were identified upon characterization of DES treated female F2 progeny generated in an intercross between F344 and BN rats. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
A second QTL, Eutr2 was mapped to the same region of chromosome 5 through characterization of DES treated congenic rats in which BN alleles across proximal chromosome 5 were introgressed onto the F344 genetic background. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)

A) Reduced susceptibility to DMBA‐induced mammary tumors in SS.BN2 consomic rats ( n = 14) compared with SS ( n = 40), as reported by Adamovic et al. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
ACI rats also developed mammary tumors with chronic exposure to 17β-estradiol or DES. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)

Determining how particular Toxoplasma genotypes differ in their capacity to induce pathology in a particular animal species could enable prediction of the outcome of infection based on the genotype of the infecting organism. (saeijlab.com)

Compensation is qualitatively similar across species, but differs with gender, age and hormonal status. (biomedcentral.com)
The magnitude of hormonal elevation differed in the different rat strains, suggesting that corticosterone may not have a variable immunomodulatory role in each strain. (researchwithrutgers.com)

1. The immunological mechanisms involved in sustaining normal semi-allogeneic pregnancies and in the enhancement of organ allografts were investigated in inbred rats. (portlandpress.com)
Deficits in shock-induced freezing and naltrexone enhancement of freezing in fawn hooded rats. (omeka.net)
The objective of the present studies was to compare the shock-induced freezing and its enhancement with NTX in two unique strains of rats, viz. (omeka.net)
Collectively, these results suggest that the level of freezing and NTX enhancement of freezing in the N/Nih rat strain are equivalent to SPD. (omeka.net)
In comparison, FH rats show deficits in freezing and are insensitive to NTX enhancement of freezing. (omeka.net)

Thus outbred strains of most laboratory animals are also available, where an outbred strain is a strain of an organism that is effectively wildtype in nature, where there is as little inbreeding as possible. (wikipedia.org)

Such strains are useful in the analysis of variance within an inbred strain or between inbred strains because any differences would be due to the single genetic change, or to a difference in environmental conditions between two individuals of the same strain. (wikipedia.org)
Strains of rodents exhibit striking differences in their responses to endogenous ovarian estrogens (primarily 17β-estradiol). (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
We are investigating this co-evolution of ROP5 with these GTPases from different mouse and rat strains with the goal of linking host differences in susceptibility to specific Toxoplasma strains with specific ROP5-GTPase combinations. (saeijlab.com)
Significant differences were found in both the kinetics and the magnitude of altered mitogenic responsiveness of PBL between the different strains of rats. (researchwithrutgers.com)
Such differences in emotionality responses in the 10th generation of selected rats further indicate a possible use of this model to study correlations between trait anxiety and defen- sive reactions. (bvsalud.org)

This review of literature highlights the extent of variation in responses to estrogens among strains of rodents and compiles the genetic loci underlying pathogenic effects of excessive estrogen signaling. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
To identify the Toxoplasma loci involved in virulence, virulence was mapped in F1 progeny derived from crosses between type II and type III strains and five virulence loci were identified. (saeijlab.com)

In contrast, ACI rats have a persistent proliferative response to DES in mammary epithelium without a compensatory increase in apoptosis and was associated with extensive hyperplasia. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
Proliferative activity of spleen lymphocytes in response to the CS was suppressed from baseline in all rat strains, but the timing and degree of suppression differed. (researchwithrutgers.com)

Genetically divergent strains of rats given identical shock conditioning differ in the degree of freezing observed. (omeka.net)
All of these systems are primarily involved in prevention of matings between genetically similar individuals to avoid the harmful effects of inbreeding. (tripod.com)

We therefore tested the oxidative stress reaction patterns in rat neurons from two strains with different susceptibility to inflammation. (eneuro.org)
To study the interaction of neurons with CNS glial cells, dissociated sympathetic or sensory ganglion cells or fetal retinal cells were plated onto cultures of dissociated optic nerve glial cells of young rats. (nih.gov)
Isolated myelin from adult rat spinal cord was adsorbed to polylysine-coated culture dishes and tested as a substrate for peripheral neurons, neuroblastoma cells, or 3T3 cells. (nih.gov)
2009) Flexible spike timing of layer 5 neurons during dynamic beta-oscillation shifts in rat prefrontal cortex. (cncr.nl)

Certain plants including the genetic model organism Arabidopsis thaliana naturally self-pollinate, which makes it quite easy to create inbred strains in the laboratory (other plants, including important genetic models such as maize require transfer of pollen from one flower to another). (wikipedia.org)
Inbreeding animals will sometimes lead to genetic drift. (wikipedia.org)
Consomic rat panel in which each of the 20 autosomes and the X and Y chromosomes from the BN strain were transferred onto the SS genetic background. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Thus, strains of rodents appear to have adopted different strategies to achieve tissue homeostasis. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)

Highly susceptible mouse strains such as SJL/N, A.SW, B10.S (H-2 s ) develop multiple autoimmune manifestations after exposure to inorganic mercury, including lymphoproliferation, elevated levels of autoantibodies, overproduction of IgG and IgE, and circulating immune complexes in kidney and vasculature. (biomedcentral.com)

When a rat is returned to a context associated with mild electric foot shock (1 mA/0.75 s), the environmental cues elicit a species-specific defensive behavior termed freezing. (omeka.net)
Male and female rats from the 10th generation were used to assess anxiety-like reactions in the elevated plus maze (EPM), depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test (FST), and aversive memory in the contextual fear conditioning paradigm. (bvsalud.org)

The N2 rats that are determined by genotyping to be heterozygous along the target chromosome are then backcrossed for ∼4 to 8 generations [e.g., marker assister selection for rats with most SS (blue) alleles]. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Results Jac-E and Jac-O of groups B and S were not significantly different, but they differed significantly from those of group C. Conclusion Prolonged use of betamethasone did not affect the progression of induced periodontitis in rats. (bvsalud.org)
0.05, significantly different from the same strain on an LS diet 62. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

5. Allogeneic pregnancies in which the paternal strain differed from the maternal strain only at the RT1A gene locus produced suppression of a subsequent maternal immune response. (portlandpress.com)
These studies would not determine a new heterozygote gain pertaining to CF gene strains regarding cancer threat. (hspsignaling.com)
Transformation of znuA mutant with a shuttle vector pBBR1MCS-4 containing znuA gene restored the growth in zinc chelated medium and intracellular replication in HeLa cells and macrophages to a level comparable to that of wild-type strain. (go.jp)

Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. (wikipedia.org)
This suggests that the nature of the active site of cytochrome P-450dbl differs between the two species, and indicates that data on the specificity of this isoenzyme in the rat should be extrapolated to man with extreme caution. (nih.gov)

The genome of the final consomic strain is the same as that of the host strain, with the exception of the MSY from the donor strain. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Systems of Kinesiology Bushenantai granules in advertising angiogenesis in the maternal-fetal interface regarding persistent spontaneous abortion rats. (hspsignaling.com)

The precise quality of dietary fats also modulates the MeHg toxicity and the steroidogenesis in rats [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

In this context, a higher faecal excretion and lower tissue accumulation, as well as metallothionein induction in rats following exposure to methylmercury naturally incorporated in fish compared to methylmercury chloride added to the same matrix, have been reported [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

In the present collaborative study, popliteal lymph node (PLN) responses to penicillin G (an allergenic chemical), D-penicillamine (an autoimmunity-inducing chemical), and barbital (a negative reference chemical) were investigated in three different mouse strains by ten pharmaceutical companies. (go.jp)

Touchscreen-Based Cognitive Training Alters Functional Connectivity Patterns in Aged But Not Young Male Rats. (ufl.edu)

this might be a result of variability in the ability of different strains to cross the placental barrier. (saeijlab.com)

One type of inbred strain that either has been altered, or naturally mutated so that it is different at a single locus. (wikipedia.org)

One additional QTL was mapped during characterization of backcross progeny generated using these same strains. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)

This exceedingly high uniformity means that fewer individuals are required to produce results with the same level of statistical significance when an inbred line is used in comparison to an outbred line in the same experiment. (wikipedia.org)
Our results indicated that rat BMSC produce BDNF, at least until passage number 12. (sld.cu)
These data suggest that a brief psychological stressor results in activation of the HPA axis and is associated with strain-dependent alterations of lymphocyte responsiveness to non-specific mitogens. (researchwithrutgers.com)

Recent evidence suggests that inbreeding avoidance is one of the less appreciated functions of the MHC. (tripod.com)

Resulting F1 males are then backcrossed to a female from the host strain to generate the N2 generation. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Males from the latter are backcrossed again to females from the host strain, the procedure being repeated ( n ) times. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Fischer rats had the largest percentage of suppression. (researchwithrutgers.com)

Objective The present study assessed the effect of prolonged betamethasone use in ligature-induced periodontitis in adult Fischer-344 rats. (bvsalud.org)

A male individual from the donor strain is first crossed to a female from the host strain. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Circuit and cell-specific contributions to decision making involving risk of explicit punishment in male and female rats. (ufl.edu)
Age-related impairments on the touchscreen paired associates learning (PAL) task in male rats. (ufl.edu)

NTX-treated SPD and N/Nih rats displayed an equivalent 130% increase in freezing in comparison to their respective saline controls. (omeka.net)

Inbred strains of animals are frequently used in laboratories for experiments where for the reproducibility of conclusions all the test animals should be as similar as possible. (wikipedia.org)

Some inbred strains have been bred for over 150 generations, leaving individuals in the population to be isogenic in nature. (wikipedia.org)

Conversely, substitution of chromosome 18 from SS to the BN strain (BN‐18 SS ) resulted in a relatively small increase in MAP in response to the high‐salt diet. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Although the biology of response is best characterized in rats, dogs have proven valuable in defining post-operative physiological adaptations. (biomedcentral.com)

effects of sex, age, and strain. (ufl.edu)

Positions of QTL regulated responses to estrogens in 5 tissues in rats featured image credit figure/F1 . (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
In the three strains tested, the penicillin G and D-penicillamine injections resulted in approximately dose-dependent responses. (go.jp)
The present study further ana- lyzed behavioral correlates of two novel breeding lines of rats, Carioca high-and low-conditioned freez- ing (CHF and CLF), based on defensive freezing responses to contextual cues previously associated with electric footshock. (bvsalud.org)

One of the more specific uses of Drosophila inbred strains is the use of Gal4/UAS lines in research. (wikipedia.org)
De Kock CP and Sakmann B (2009) Spiking in primary somatosensory cortex during natural whisking in awake head-restrained rats is cell-type specific. (cncr.nl)
The data in this paper are consistent with 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine in both rat and human liver catalysed by a specific form of cytochrome P-450. (nih.gov)

Age-Related Changes in Risky Decision Making and Associated Neural Circuitry in a Rat Model. (ufl.edu)

A decrease in these areas is known as inbreeding depression. (wikipedia.org)

Age-matched female rats from these three strains were observed for freezing after shock conditioning. (omeka.net)
Female Wistar rats were exposed orally to 200 and 400 ppm propineb (Zn-containing dithiocarbamate) and 250 ppm maneb (Mn-containing dithiocarbamate), from the 6th day of gestation up to birth. (go.jp)

Rezaee T, Bouxsein ML, Karim L. Increasing fluoride content deteriorates rat bone mechanical properties. (bouxseinlab.org)

One of our long-term goals is to understand how distinct Toxoplasma strains differ in their ability to cause disease in humans. (saeijlab.com)
When the use of laboratory animal is obligatory, the most appropriate specie, breed, and strain with the closest homology to humans must be chosen. (ommegaonline.org)

Shown is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious SS ( n = 18), SS‐13 BN ( n = 15), and BN ( n = 16) rats exposed to a high‐salt (4.0% NaCl) diet for 4 weeks. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

The acquisition of freezing appears to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous opioids since the duration that a rat spends freezing is increased by pretreatment prior to training with naltrexone (NTX), an opioid receptor antagonist. (omeka.net)
For conditioning, rats were exposed to 10 presentations of a 5 s duration foot-shock (1.6 mA) preceded by a 15 s tone. (researchwithrutgers.com)

The kinetics of inhibition of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity by quinidine and quinine in rat and human liver microsomes have been compared. (nih.gov)
Inhibition of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity by both quinine and quinidine in human and rat liver is competitive. (nih.gov)

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