• Shared and disorder-specific prefrontal abnormalities in boys with pure attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to boys with pure CD during interference inhibition and attention allocation. (springer.com)
  • 2 Khanna, 2019 Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects more than 6 million children. (pdfhost.io)
  • 3 Khanna, 2019 I. Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically heterogeneous neurobehavioral disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. (pdfhost.io)
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can impair learning and performance, with harmful consequences for children and adults alike. (lifeextension.com)
  • The growing trend today, however, is to label increasing numbers of children-and even adults-with the psychiatric diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. (lifeextension.com)
  • Symptoms of ADHD include an inability to concentrate or complete tasks, hyperactivity, compulsive or impulsive behavior, temper flares and mood swings, problems with short-term memory and learning, clumsiness, and distorted perception of time. (lifeextension.com)
  • Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Clinical Utility of Continuous Performance Tests for the Identification of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. (ucsf.edu)
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) on clinical features and neuropsychological profiles of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning [ 1 ]. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • Laboratory induced aggression: a positron emission tomography study of aggressive individuals with borderline personality disorder. (springer.com)
  • A personality disorder, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that differs markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment. (medscape.com)
  • Although the most common etiologies for personality disorders are multifactorial, these conditions may also be secondary to biologic, developmental, or genetic abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Stressful situations may often result in decompensation, revealing a previously unrecognized personality disorder. (medscape.com)
  • Indeed, personality disorders are aggravated by stressors, external or self-induced. (medscape.com)
  • Individuals may have more than 1 personality disorder. (medscape.com)
  • The model has been used to describe the different accepted types of personality disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Most current research suggests that personality disorders may be differentiated by their interactions among the 5 dimensions rather than differences on any single dimension. (medscape.com)
  • In patients with personality disorder, abnormalities may be seen in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. (medscape.com)
  • Personality disorders are also seen with diminished monoamine oxidase (MAO) and serotonin levels. (medscape.com)
  • However, the relationships of anatomy, receptors, and neurotransmitters to personality disorders are purely speculative at this point. (medscape.com)
  • The origin of personality disorders is a matter of considerable controversy. (medscape.com)
  • A genetic contribution to paranoid traits and a possible genetic link between this personality disorder and schizophrenia exist. (medscape.com)
  • There may also be developmental or acquired abnormalities in the prefrontal brain systems and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder. (medscape.com)
  • This may underlie the low arousal, poor fear conditioning, and decision-making deficits described in antisocial personality disorder. (medscape.com)
  • While antisocial behavior is a component in psychiatric disorders, including antisocial personality disorder (APD) and psychopathy, it can also occur on its own [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • 2 In a follow-up study of 55 young adults at the age of 22 who were diagnosed with ADHD at the age of seven, 58% had poor outcomes, including antisocial personality, alcohol abuse, criminal record, reading disorders, and low educational level. (lifeextension.com)
  • Given that Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) was initially created to treat Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), of which emotion dysregulation is a primary problem, it only makes sense that DBT would be effective in treating other disorders, and research in recent years is supporting this. (tzkseminars.com)
  • SUDs were highest among those meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) criteria for antisocial personality disorder, bipolar illness, schizophrenia, an anxiety disorder, or clinical depression. (sagepub.com)
  • Parents of the participants completed the ADHD Rating Scale, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Korean Personality Rating Scale for Children (K-PRC), and 10-item mania scale from the Parent General Behavior Inventory (P-GBI-10M). (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • update] One of the symptoms of conduct disorder is a lower level of fear. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first is known as the "childhood-onset type" and occurs when conduct disorder symptoms are present before the age of 10 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specifically, children in this group have greater levels of ADHD symptoms, neuropsychological deficits, more academic problems, increased family dysfunction and higher likelihood of aggression and violence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autobiographical memory as a latent vulnerability mechanism following childhood maltreatment: Association with future depression symptoms and prosocial behavior. (neurotree.org)
  • Furthermore, the dynamic developmental behavioural theory predicts that behaviour and symptoms in ADHD result from the interplay between individual predispositions and the surroundings, whereas hypofunctioning dopamine branches represent the main individual predispositions (Sagvolden et al, 2005). (pdfhost.io)
  • Currently, diagnosis is based solely on observed behavior and reported symptoms, creating a risk of over and under-diagnosis. (pdfhost.io)
  • Sleep complaints, or disturbances, are common symptoms of a dyssomnia sleep disorder and are frequently observed as co-occurring in psychological disorders and psychopathology. (sagepub.com)
  • The present study suggests that patients with ADHD with ODD experience more ADHD symptoms and neuropsychological deficits than those with ADHD without ODD. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • Sterzer P, Stadler C, Poutska F, Kleinschmidt A: A structural neural deficit in adolescents with conduct disorder and its association with lack of empathy. (springer.com)
  • Due to the varying individual factors and responses to abusive experiences, manifestations of abuse in children and adolescents are highly variable and influenced by developmental stage. (hopkinsguides.com)
  • ADHD is the most prevalent childhood behavioral disorder: studies have shown its prevalence rates in children and adolescents is approximately 5-8% (Peng et al 2013). (pdfhost.io)
  • It is a common neurobehavioral disorder in children and adolescents, affecting approximately 3%-7% of school-age children, with a greater prevalence among boys [ 2 ]. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • ODD is a disruptive behavior disorder characterized by angry or irritable mood, argumentative or defiant behavior, and vindictiveness [ 1 ], and children and adolescents with ODD may experience trouble controlling their temper and often resist conforming to others [ 9 ]. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • Biologic factors, such as abnormal monoaminergic functioning (especially in serotonergic function) and prefrontal neuropsychological dysfunction, have been implicated but have not been well established by research. (medscape.com)
  • Och varför tror du att Kriminalvården först alldeles nyligen upptäckte att ADHD går att att behandla framgångsrikt, även om det förstås kan innebära att kriminalvården mister en del av sina klienter. (adhd-npf.com)
  • The diagnosis of ADHD is inaccurate - the misdiagnosis rate is more than 20% - in part because of its comorbidity with similar behavioral and psychological disorders. (pdfhost.io)
  • The results offer support for the effectiveness of food supplements in improving attention and self-control in children with ADHD, and suggest that food supplements may be as effective as Ritalin® in treating ADHD. (lifeextension.com)
  • Moreover, comorbid disorders with ADHD can contribute to more severe functional impairments in academic, social, and emotional dimensions [ 8 ]. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • Conduct disorder can present with limited prosocial emotions, lack of remorse or guilt, lack of empathy, lack of concern for performance, and shallow or deficient affect. (wikipedia.org)
  • Social dominance orientation (SDO), defined as the general individual orientation toward unequal and dominant/subordinate relationships, might represent a valuable construct to explore to better understand the association between psychopathic traits, externalizing problems, and prosocial behavior. (apc.it)
  • Results showed that SDO mediated the relationship between psychopathic traits and externalizing problems and between psychopathic traits and prosocial behavior only in the clinical sample. (apc.it)
  • The goal of this article is to provide a selective and targeted review of the neuroimaging literature on psychopathic tendencies and antisocial behavior and to explore the extent to which this literature supports recent cognitive neuroscientific models of psychopathy and antisocial behavior. (springer.com)
  • Clinical assessments often last multiple hours and the high demand for these examinations greatly exceeds the maximum capacity of the available developmental pediatric clinics (Duda et al. (pdfhost.io)
  • DSM-5 defines RD, within neurodevelopmental disorders, as a type of specific learning disorder (SLD) with impairment in reading that is characterized by problems with word reading accuracy, reading fluency, and reading comprehension that are not the result of sensory impairments, neurological disorders, intellectual disabilities, or inadequate educational instruction (4). (edu.vn)
  • Takahashi Y, Pease CR, Pingault JB, Viding E . Genetic and environmental influences on the developmental trajectory of callous-unemotional traits from childhood to adolescence. (neurotree.org)
  • Human functions and traits are linked to cerebral networks serving different emotional and cognitive control systems, some of which rely on hemispheric specialization and integration to promote adaptive goal-directed behavior. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The diverse functions and traits governing our social behavior have been associated with lateralized neural activity. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • A genetic contribution to antisocial behaviors is strongly supported. (medscape.com)
  • Reading disorder results from a constellation of genetic and environmental risk factors and their interactions and not a single underlying cause. (edu.vn)
  • Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most commonly known genetic disorder associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). (virginia.edu)
  • This course is often linked to a more persistent life course and more pervasive behaviors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Participants were 54 males aged 8 to 25 years, including 23 with autism and 5 with Asperger syndrome or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, recruited and evaluated at an academic center for developmental disabilities and 26 age- and sex-matched community volunteers. (virginia.edu)
  • Conduct disorder (CD) is a mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that includes theft, lies, physical violence that may lead to destruction, and reckless breaking of rules, in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conduct disorder may result from parental rejection and neglect and can be treated with family therapy, as well as behavioral modifications and pharmacotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conduct disorder is estimated to affect 51.1 million people globally as of 2013. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the caregiver is able to provide therapeutic intervention teaching children at risk better empathy skills, the child will have a lower incident level of conduct disorder. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, self-harm has been observed in children with conduct disorder (CD). (wikipedia.org)
  • Currently, two possible developmental courses are thought to lead to conduct disorder. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is debate among professionals regarding the validity and appropriateness of diagnosing young children with conduct disorder. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is also argued that some children may not in fact have conduct disorder, but are engaging in developmentally appropriate disruptive behavior. (wikipedia.org)
  • Individuals with adolescent-onset conduct disorder exhibit less impairment than those with the childhood-onset type and are not characterized by similar psychopathology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research has shown that there is a greater number of children with adolescent-onset conduct disorder than those with childhood-onset, suggesting that adolescent-onset conduct disorder is an exaggeration of developmental behaviors that are typically seen in adolescence, such as rebellion against authority figures and rejection of conventional values. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a serious mental health problem that typically creates chaos in an individual's life, often leading to risky and impulsive behaviors, damaged relation-ship and careers, substance use problems, hospitalization, and even suicide. (tzkseminars.com)
  • Based on Sheri Van Dijk's ground-breaking work on using DBT with Bipolar Disorder, this webinar will briefly review the different types of bipolar disorder and what to look for to help someone get a proper diagnosis and treatment. (tzkseminars.com)
  • You'll also learn about the existing psy-cho-therapies being used to treat bipolar disorder, before looking at the efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy in treating this illness, and a delving more into how to teach some of the DBT skills most pertinent to clients with BD. (tzkseminars.com)
  • We also review literature that describes best practice interventions for children with RD and comorbid disorders and identify areas where stronger research is important (Figure 1). (edu.vn)
  • Blair RJR: A cognitive developmental approach to morality: investigating the psychopath. (springer.com)
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective forms of psychotherapy, a gold standard treatment that can be applied to a wide range of psychological disorders. (tzkseminars.com)
  • It will restructure diagnostic groups to bring disorders that are similar in underlying vulnerabilities and symptom characteristics under the same headings. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, work in neural oscillations as well as neurochemistry shows deficits related to sensory processing, particularly auditory discrimination, in individuals with or at-risk for RD (14, 15). (edu.vn)
  • Among the neural systems discussed in this context are those underlying pro- and antisocial behaviors. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This is due largely to environmental and contextual influences, which interact with neural substrates in the development and expression of pro and antisocial functions. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Psychosocial formulations point to the high prevalence of early abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional) in these patients, and the borderline syndrome is often formulated as a variant of posttraumatic stress disorder. (medscape.com)
  • In some cases, the patient has developmental abnormalities secondary to abuse or incest. (medscape.com)
  • Many individuals have co-occurring disorders (CODs)-a combination of a substance use disorder (SUD) and a mental health disorder. (sagepub.com)
  • The impairments in word reading accuracy or reading fluency are also noted as developmental dyslexia in the literature. (edu.vn)
  • Mood disorders in first-degree relatives are strongly linked. (medscape.com)
  • Training community mental health therapists to deliver a package of evidence-based practice strategies for school-age children with autism spectrum disorders: A pilot study. (ucsd.edu)
  • Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42 (8), 1651-1661. (ucsd.edu)
  • Building a research‐community collaborative to improve community care for infants and toddlers at‐risk for autism spectrum disorders. (ucsd.edu)
  • Parent perspectives on community mental health services for children with autism spectrum disorders. (ucsd.edu)
  • BACKGROUND: Autism is a syndrome of unknown cause, marked by abnormal development of social behavior. (virginia.edu)
  • OBJECTIVE: To evaluate amygdala volume in individuals with autism spectrum disorders and its relationship to laboratory measures of social behavior to examine whether variations in amygdala structure relate to symptom severity. (virginia.edu)
  • Across the combined sample, severity of social deficits interacted with age to predict different patterns of amygdala development in autism (P=.047). (virginia.edu)
  • Integrating both types of studies could allow the establishment of more reliable and validated predictions of which youth who are HEU are at the highest risk for specific negative health outcomes, such as mental health and neurocognitive disorders, and which interventional approaches may be most successful to address specific deficits both in terms of prevention and treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, it is possible for children with specific reading comprehension deficits to have intact decoding skills (6). (edu.vn)
  • Complex trauma: a profound neuropsychological response to multiple and diverse traumatic experiences which are often invasive and intrapersonal in nature, and recurrent over a period of time. (hopkinsguides.com)
  • For example, the Epidemiological Catchment Area Study found that 37% of individuals with a lifetime alcohol use disorder and 53% with a drug use disorder met the criteria for a mental health disorder. (sagepub.com)
  • Alcohol use disorders were twice as high as drug use disorders in the Epidemiological Catchment Area Study. (sagepub.com)
  • There are well-established strong associations with lower IQ and intellectual disability, specific learning and developmental problems, such as reading disability, speech and language problems, motor coordination difficulties and also autistic spectrum disorders. (pdfhost.io)
  • In the past, children's discipline problems, poor grades, and roughhousing with playmates might be dismissed as "rambunctious behavior. (lifeextension.com)
  • Viding E , McCrory E. Disruptive Behavior Disorders: The Challenge of Delineating Mechanisms in the Face of Heterogeneity. (neurotree.org)
  • However, as with other complex behaviors, specific hemispheric roles are difficult to elucidate. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Our overarching goal is to increase the awareness of health professionals to disorders of reading that overlap or are confused with mental conditions and disorders. (edu.vn)
  • Adult antisocial behaviors are defined as disruptive behaviors that violate social rules and involve defiance of authority and disregard for the rights of others [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Overlapping features in these populations include gaze aversion, communication deficits, and social withdrawal. (virginia.edu)