AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
SpermatogenesisTestisSpermatidsSpermatocytesSeminiferous TubulesSertoli CellsSpermatogoniaSpermatozoaInfertility, MaleSeminiferous EpitheliumSperm CountOligospermiaFertilityAzoospermiaBlood-Testis BarrierGerm CellsMeiosisTestosteroneContraceptive Agents, MaleLeydig CellsEpididymisCryptorchidismSpermatogenesis-Blocking AgentsOrgan SizePachytene StageSperm MotilityFollicle Stimulating HormoneSexual MaturationAntispermatogenic AgentsChromosomes, Human, YTesticular DiseasesProtaminesSperm TailSperm MaturationY ChromosomeSertoli Cell-Only SyndromeSperm HeadVaricoceleMeiotic Prophase IGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalAcrosomeMolecular Sequence DataGonadotropinsSeminal VesiclesRNA, MessengerOogenesisGametogenesisLuteinizing HormoneInhibinsSemenMice, KnockoutSeminal Plasma ProteinsGenitalia, MaleImmunohistochemistryBase SequenceHaploidyDisorders of Sex DevelopmentCyclic AMP Response Element ModulatorHypogonadismAmino Acid SequenceReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionIn Situ HybridizationAndrogensRNA-Binding ProteinsMice, Inbred C57BLReceptors, FSHSex ChromosomesAnguillaMice, Mutant StrainsCyclin A1Semen AnalysisGene ExpressionSex Chromosome Disorders of Sex DevelopmentReproductionFertility Agents, MaleSperm RetrievalLepidiumNuclear ProteinsKlinefelter SyndromeGene Expression RegulationOrgan SpecificityMice, TransgenicCell DifferentiationX ChromosomeAcrosinVasectomyTesticular NeoplasmsGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneEelsDrosophila ProteinsRats, Sprague-DawleyPhodopusAndrogen-Binding Protein
TestisTestesMaturationInhibitsGametogenesisSpermatogoniaRequires a lower temperatureDifferentiationOogenesisSpermatogenicMiceStimulatesRatsPubertySeminiferousGerm cell developmentReproductiveLeydigSecretionEmbryoSpermatozoaTesticular DevelopmentAdultMammary gland developmentMicroRNAsSperm developmentSexualEmbryonic developmentCharacteristicsProcessMaleRoleCorrespondsPubic hairOocytesRolesHumansHttpsCell
Testis5
Testes10
  • The location [Testes/Scrotum] is specifically important as the process of spermatogenesis requires a lower temperature to produce viable sperm, specifically 1°-8 °C lower than normal body temperature of 37 °C (98.6 °F). Clinically, small fluctuations in temperature such as from an athletic support strap, causes no impairment in sperm viability or count. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transplantation experiments have revealed that most cells which can perform the hallmark feature of SSCs (that is, re-establishing full spermatogenesis in testes lacking germ cells) are found within the single uSPG population, but may also be present among paired and aligned progenitors ( Kubota and Brinster, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The gonads - ovaries and testes - produce gametes , the haploid sexual reproduction cells made through meiosis , which upon fertilisation complete the chromosome set and start the development of a new human. (thealevelbiologist.co.uk)
  • This decreases the local androgen concentration in the testes resulting in depression or spermatogenesis, so treatment with exogenous androgens can be used as a method of contraception in males. (online-sciences.com)
  • Growth hormone and most of the other hormones: For controlling metabolic functions of the testes, GH specifically promotes early division of the spermatogonia, In its absence, spermatogenesis is severely deficient or entirely absent. (online-sciences.com)
  • Spermatogenesis is also depressed at lower temperatures than 32 °C. For this reason, the dartos muscle contracts in cold weather to draw the testes upwards (in order to be warmed by the abdominal temperature). (online-sciences.com)
  • In mammals, the Y chromosome directs the development of the testes and plays an important role in spermatogenesis. (prosci-inc.com)
  • DAZAP1 is a RNA-binding protein with two RNP motifs that was originally identified by its interaction with the infertility factors DAZ and DAZL.In mammals, the Y chromosome directs the development of the testes and plays an important role in spermatogenesis. (prosci-inc.com)
  • Two isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.In mammals, the Y chromosome directs the development of the testes and plays an important role in spermatogenesis. (prosci-inc.com)
  • The syndrome is usually identified at puberty, when inadequate sexual development is noted (typically very small, firm testes), or later, when infertility is investigated. (msdmanuals.com)
Maturation3
  • Piperine stimulates pubertal Leydig cell development by increasing Leydig cell number and promoting its maturation while it inhibits spermatogenesis in the rat. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since it is exclusively made in humans and mice during the maturation of male sperm, it has been postulated that the protein is important for this phase of development," notes corresponding author Prof. Hubert Schorle from the Institute of Pathology at UKB, who is also a member of the Transdisciplinary Research Area (TRA) "Life & Health" at the University of Bonn. (innovations-report.com)
  • It is also essential for the maturation phase of spermatogenesis particularly spermatid maturation in the Sertoli cell . (online-sciences.com)
Inhibits2
Gametogenesis2
Spermatogonia3
Requires a lower temperature1
  • Spermatogenesis requires a lower temperature than that of the body (optimally 32-33 °C). Rise of the testicular temperature e g. due to cryptorchidism, fevers, or continuous wearing of tight pants, damages the germinal epithelium (thus inhibiting spermatogenesis) and may kill any preformed sperms resulting in infertility. (online-sciences.com)
Differentiation3
  • In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
  • The osteoclast differentiation factor osteoprotegerin-ligand is essential for mammary gland development. (nature.com)
  • Hierarchical differentiation competence in response to retinoic acid ensures stem cell maintenance during mouse spermatogenesis. (southernbiotech.com)
Oogenesis3
Spermatogenic1
  • Spermatogenic arrest is an interrupted development of sperm that can lead to low sperm concentration in semen. (healthline.com)
Mice6
  • From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
  • Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we studied the development of ProSG, their SG descendants and testicular somatic cells during the perinatal period in mice. (biologists.com)
  • During my Master's project, I studied spermatogenesis in senescence-accelerated mice. (uib.no)
  • After treatment, 5 mice of each group were sacrificed and total mice weights, reproductive organs' weights, spermatogenesis, and androgenic serum markers were investigated. (degruyter.com)
  • Now, researchers from the University Hospital Bonn (UKB) and the Transdisciplinary Research Unit "Life & Health" at the University of Bonn have found that a loss of the structural protein ACTL7B blocks spermatogenesis in male mice. (innovations-report.com)
  • Also, research on mice has shown that antioxidant inclusion during fertilization has led to improved embryo development. (berkleycenter.com)
Stimulates3
Rats1
Puberty3
  • At puberty, most affected individuals require treatment with the male sex hormone testosterone to induce development of male secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair and deepening of the voice (masculinization). (medlineplus.gov)
  • In all documented biopsied cases, there is a significant decline in germ cell development and an increase in tubular sclerosis by puberty. (medscape.com)
  • However, it is unclear whether PFHpA affects Leydig cell development during puberty . (bvsalud.org)
Seminiferous3
  • Spermatogenesis starts in the bottom part of seminiferous tubes and, progressively, cells go deeper into tubes and moving along it until mature spermatozoa reaches the lumen, where mature spermatozoa are deposited. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules during active sexual life, under the stimulatory effects of the anterior pituitary gonadotropic hormones. (online-sciences.com)
  • Degeneration and hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules with poor germ cell development is frequently observed. (medscape.com)
Germ cell development1
  • In multicellular organisms, and particularly in mammals, both gonadal and germ cell development are essential for the transmission of genetic information to the next generations. (benthamscience.com)
Reproductive3
  • Spermatogenesis takes place within several structures of the male reproductive system. (wikipedia.org)
  • the latter, to the production of hormones that will influence spermatogenesis and consequently male reproductive function and health. (benthamscience.com)
  • Further, this study provides initial information on possible effects of the test item on male and female reproductive performance such as gonadal function, mating behaviour, conception, development of the conceptus and parturition. (europa.eu)
Leydig5
  • The development of adult Leydig cell population was also analyzed 65 days postpartum. (frontiersin.org)
  • ERK1/2 and AKT pathways may involve in the piperine-mediated stimulation of Leydig cell development. (frontiersin.org)
  • In order to examine whether PIP affected spermatogenesis by interfering with Leydig cell testosterone production, in the current study we evaluated the effects of PIP on pubertal Leydig cell development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Late-stage pubertal development of Leydig cells is mainly involved in the transition of immature Leydig cells to adult Leydig cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We also molecularly defined the development of Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells during the perinatal period, allowing us to identify candidate signaling pathways acting between somatic and germ cells in a stage-specific manner during the perinatal period. (biologists.com)
Secretion2
Embryo3
  • This specialized division allows most maternal components to be maintained in the oocytes for early embryo development. (bioone.org)
  • How do cells in the early embryo coordinate their development to create the different tissues of the body? (uib.no)
  • Thus, we can now propose that intricately choreographed calcium signaling through gap junctions plays a pivotal role in steering the early development of the embryo. (uib.no)
Spermatozoa1
  • Spermatogenesis produces mature male gametes, commonly called sperm but more specifically known as spermatozoa, which are able to fertilize the counterpart female gamete, the oocyte, during conception to produce a single-celled individual known as a zygote. (wikipedia.org)
Testicular Development1
Adult2
  • Spermatogenesis in adult mammals is highly organized, with the goal being continual sperm production. (jci.org)
  • The autosomal recessive gene appears to be important in the development of both the fetal adrenal cortex and the definitive adult adrenal cortex because both are hypoplastic in this form of congenital adrenal hypoplasia. (medscape.com)
Mammary gland development1
  • Prolactin (PRL) has long been known to be a hormone responsible for mammary gland development and lactation in females, whereas its role in males is still unclear. (go.jp)
MicroRNAs2
  • Hilz S., Modzelewski A.J., Cohen P.E. , and Grimson A. The roles of microRNAs and siRNAs in mammalian spermatogenesis. (cornell.edu)
  • Most Caenorhabditis elegans microRNAs are individually not essential for development or viability. (nature.com)
Sperm development2
  • It gives men their masculine features and plays a critical role in muscle and bone growth as well as sperm development. (healthline.com)
  • In addition, aberrations in sperm development could be produced, which could make sperm DNA more vulnerable. (berkleycenter.com)
Sexual6
  • Spermatogenesis is highly dependent upon optimal conditions for the process to occur correctly, and is essential for sexual reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The role of DNA methylation on sexual determination and development in zebrafish germ cells. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Ovotesticular disorder of sexual development, which was previously termed "intersex," describes disorders in which there is a discrepancy between a person's phenotype, genetic material, and gonads. (medscape.com)
  • Such gonads are found exclusively in people with ovotesticular disorder of sexual development (OT-DSD), formerly known as true hermaphroditism. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with ovotesticular disorder of sexual development are individuals who have both ovarian and testicular tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Many patients with ovotesticular disorder of sexual development have a uterus. (medscape.com)
Embryonic development3
  • In this chapter, we will provide a brief overview of the testicular anatomy and functional organization, as well as its embryonic development. (benthamscience.com)
  • This should be intact, as any damage on the DNA may affect embryonic development. (berkleycenter.com)
  • This factor has been related to reduced fertilization and pregnancy rates, abnormal embryonic development and increased risks of miscarriage and of neonatal disease in the offspring. (berkleycenter.com)
Characteristics1
  • The cause of the condition in these individuals is often unknown, although changes affecting other genes involved in the development of sex characteristics have been identified in a small number of people with the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Process4
  • For humans, the entire process of spermatogenesis is variously estimated as taking 74 days (according to tritium-labelled biopsies) and approximately 120 days (according to DNA clock measurements). (wikipedia.org)
  • The entire process of spermatogenesis can be broken up into several distinct stages, each corresponding to a particular type of cell in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Male fertility relies on the continuous production of sperm via a process known as spermatogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
  • The latter causes urogenital development, a highly complex process, through a complex cascade of transcription factors and signaling events. (benthamscience.com)
Male5
  • 46,XX testicular difference of sex development is a condition in which individuals with two X chromosomes in each cell, the pattern typically found in females, have a male appearance. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Approximately 1 in 20,000 individuals with a male appearance have 46,XX testicular difference of sex development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Individuals with SRY -negative 46,XX testicular difference of sex development are more likely to have genitalia that do not clearly look male or female than are people with the SRY -positive form. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Male sperm cells are constantly produced in large quantities in the testicles during so-called spermatogenesis. (innovations-report.com)
  • Errors of sex determination and gonadal development, such as gonadal dysgenesis (46,XX or 46,XY) and testicular and ovotesticular disorders of sex development, represent rare forms of male hypogonadism. (msdmanuals.com)
Role1
Corresponds1
  • Internal duct development usually corresponds to the adjacent gonad. (medscape.com)
Pubic hair2
  • Older patients with mild defects in 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (late-onset or nonclassic variant) may present with premature pubic hair development, hirsutism, irregular menstrual cycles or primary amenorrhea. (medscape.com)
  • Reduced development of pubic hair. (clevelandclinic.org)
Oocytes1
Roles2
  • More recently, it has been identified specific and essential roles of PARP-2 in spermatogenesis, and T cell development. (imim.es)
  • The roles of DAX1 and the undefined autosomal recessive gene in development of the adrenal cortex are not understood. (medscape.com)
Humans1
  • In humans, chromosomal abnormalities arising from incorrect spermatogenesis results in congenital defects and abnormal birth defects (Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome) and in most cases, spontaneous abortion of the developing foetus. (wikipedia.org)
Https1
  • Online at https://www.cureus.com/articles/70052-ovotesticular-disorder-of-sex-development-approach-and-management-of-an-index-case-in-the-dominican-republic]. (medscape.com)
Cell1
  • We have found that rapid changes in calcium levels travel from cell to cell in a choreographed wave, and that disrupting this wave leads to abnormal development. (uib.no)