• The development of the gonads is part of the prenatal development of the reproductive system and ultimately forms the testes in males and the ovaries in females. (wikipedia.org)
  • The descent of the testes consists of the opening of a connection from the testis to its final location at the anterior abdominal wall, followed by the development of the gubernaculum, which subsequently pulls and translocates the testis down into the developing scrotum. (wikipedia.org)
  • These individuals usually have a uterus and fallopian tubes, but their gonads (ovaries or testes) are not functional. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These changes in signaling prevent the development of testes and allow the development of female reproductive structures. (medlineplus.gov)
  • After this period, if the fetus is genetically male, then the internal glands known as gonads are instructed by the Y chromosome to turn into testes. (iflscience.com)
  • The male gonads are called testes which secrete the male hormones called testosterone. (managementstudyguide.com)
  • Testes: Reproductive glands (gonads) in males that contain sperms. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • SOX9 is involved in the formation of testes from the indifferent fetal gonads. (thermofisher.com)
  • During fetal development the tissue that eventually becomes the gonads (ovaries or testes) receives signals based on the child's genetics. (choc.org)
  • There is a gene located on the top portion of the Y chromosome, called "SRY," which, if present, will cause the gonad to become testes (indicating a male) around the sixth week of fetal life. (choc.org)
  • The gonads are testes. (medscape.com)
  • Usually, germ cells migrate to the gonads during fetal development. (dana-farber.org)
  • This revelation comes as no surprise to anyone who understands fetal development. (oneradionetwork.com)
  • Disorders of sex differentiation, also known as disorders of sexual development or DSD, are conditions in which the sexual development that occurs during fetal growth does not happen as it should. (choc.org)
  • Hermaphroditic gonads contained testis and ovaries inside the same sacs. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Both, ovary and testis contained different stages of gametogenesis development simultaneously. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) protein acts to up-regulate expression of the related gene, SOX9 , a transcriptional regulator that in turn initiates a downstream pathway of testis development, whilst also suppressing ovary development. (plos.org)
  • Analysis of XY byg/byg gonads at 11.5 d post coitum reveals a growth deficit and a failure to support mesonephric cell migration, both early cellular processes normally associated with testis development. (plos.org)
  • These data demonstrate that MAP3K4-dependent signalling events are required for normal expression of Sry during testis development, and create a novel entry point into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sex determination in mice and disorders of sexual development in humans. (plos.org)
  • In mammals, whether an individual develops as a male or female depends on its sex chromosome constitution: those with a Y chromosome become males because of the development of the embryonic gonad into a testis. (plos.org)
  • Our data indicate, for the first time, a requirement for MAPK signaling in the developing XY gonad in order to facilitate normal expression of SRY and the downstream testis-determining genes and also suggest that reduced dosage of MAP3K4 may be the cause of a previously described autosomal sex-reversing mutation in the mouse. (plos.org)
  • Overexpres- sion of genomic DNA carrying DMY in the XX fish induced development of functional testis in these fish. (amrita.edu)
  • The gonads present may be bilateral ovotestes, or they may be a combination of a unilateral ovary or testis with an ovotestis on the contralateral side. (medscape.com)
  • In male humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues, such as the testis and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. (cdc.gov)
  • The gonads may be ovotestis, or they may be a combination of an ovary on one side and a testis or ovotestis on the other. (medscape.com)
  • A collection of NEURONS, tracts of NERVE FIBERS, endocrine tissue, and blood vessels in the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND and the GONADS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ultrasound imaging technology was successful in rendering a gonad index score that can be used to track gonad maturation over time in cultured or captive species. (frontiersin.org)
  • The lowest GSI value indicated the spent stage of the gonad while the higher GSI value recorded in February, April, June and July indicated the maturation period of the gonad of S. sihama. (upm.edu.my)
  • In GnRH-dependent precocious puberty, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is activated, resulting in enlargement and maturation of the gonads, development of secondary sexual characteristics, and oogenesis or spermatogenesis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger Adam's apple in boys, and development of breasts and more curved and prominent hips in girls) and a strong shift in hormonal balance towards an adult state. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adolescence (from Latin adolescere 'to mature') is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood (typically corresponding to the age of majority ). (wikipedia.org)
  • After birth, sexual development does not occur until puberty. (encyclopedia.com)
  • In all documented biopsied cases, there is a significant decline in germ cell development and an increase in tubular sclerosis by puberty. (medscape.com)
  • Puberty is considered delayed when no breast development is evident at 13 years, pubic hair is absent at 14 years, and menarche is absent at 15 years (which is 2 standard deviations above the mean age for menarche). (medscape.com)
  • However, because of functioning normal ovarian tissue, most people experience breast development at puberty, and approximately two-thirds of those with a 46,XX peripheral karyotype menstruate. (medscape.com)
  • Development proceeds and the oogonia become fully surrounded by a layer of connective tissue cells (pre-granulosa cells). (wikipedia.org)
  • Mean gonad thickness determined via ultrasound imaging was categorized on a scale of 1-5, with an index of 1 being the lowest (gonad tissue thin or absent) and an index of 5 being the highest (gonad margin has increased and is compressing the digestive gland) for red abalone. (frontiersin.org)
  • Instead, the gonads are small and underdeveloped and contain little gonadal tissue. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Methods to use frozen testicular tissue in reproduction are still in development. (upmc.com)
  • Spawning was not always accompanied by a reduction in gonad mass because of simultaneous feeding and deposition of nutritive tissue for the forthcoming winter. (bas.ac.uk)
  • A diagnosis of OT-DSD is based solely on the presence of ovarian and testicular tissue in the gonad and not on the characteristics of the internal and external genitalia, even if ambiguous. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with ovotesticular disorder of sexual development are individuals who have both ovarian and testicular tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Müllerian duct structures typically develop on the gonad side(s) not containing testicular tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Wolffian duct structures tend to be observed on the gonad side(s) containing functioning testicular tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Germ cells migrate from near the allantois and colonize the primordial gonads. (wikipedia.org)
  • During early embryonic development, cells from the dorsal endoderm of the yolk sac migrate along the hindgut to the gonadal ridge. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically, during the development of a human embryo, germ cells migrate to the gonads. (livescience.com)
  • Many patients with ovotesticular disorder of sexual development have a uterus. (medscape.com)
  • Ovotesticular disorder of sexual development, which was previously termed "intersex," describes disorders in which there is a discrepancy between a person's phenotype, genetic material, and gonads. (medscape.com)
  • Those diagnosed with this rare condition represent a small fraction of patients within the diagnostic category of the disorders of sexual development (DSD), formerly known as intersex. (medscape.com)
  • Steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex influence the body metabolism, activity level, reaction to stressful situations and development of secondary sexual characteristics. (managementstudyguide.com)
  • Thyroid: A butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that controls your metabolism, energy, and brain development. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Less severe birth defects disrupt only hypothalamic or pituitary development, causing hormone deficiencies that affect viability, growth, fertility, metabolism, and the stress response, and may require life-long care. (sc.edu)
  • Chronic illness can affect pubertal development adversely by interfering with metabolism through malabsorption and poor nutrition (eg, Crohn disease, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, cystic fibrosis, anorexia nervosa, excessive exercise). (medscape.com)
  • Upon activation by its cytokine ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), this protein phosphorylates multiple intracellular proteins that play a role in in the proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of many cell types and thereby plays an important role in hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, melanogenesis, and in mast cell development, migration and function. (nih.gov)
  • Gonads contained several stages of oocytes in different stages of gametogenesis. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • The sex-determining region Y protein starts processes that are involved in male-typical sex development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The variants in the MAP3K1 gene that cause Swyer syndrome decrease signaling that leads to male-typical sex development and increase signaling that leads to female-typical sex development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Each fish sample was dissected to collect the male or female gonad and stomach. (upm.edu.my)
  • Androgens regulate the development of the embryo, determining whether it is a male or a female (male in the presence of androgens and female in the absence of androgens). (encyclopedia.com)
  • In the first eight weeks of development, fetuses are neither male nor female. (iflscience.com)
  • Three Nanos homologues exist in mouse, with Nanos2 and Nanos3 functioning primarily in male germ cell development and maintaining PGCs viability, respectively [ 33 , 34 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In mice, Nanos3 is expressed in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) from their formation until shortly after their appearance in the gonads (E13.5 in female and E14.5 in male embryos) [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Nevertheless, it negatively affects the ontogenesis of male gonads and brain areas homologous to the mammalian hippocampus, as well as body size and fitness. (frontiersin.org)
  • This section of genetic code, which is found on the Y chromosome, finds importance for study as it causes fetuses to develop characteristics of male sex-like gonads when a mutation occurs. (bvsalud.org)
  • The thyroid gland secretes thyroxin which influences the metabolic rate and the growth & development of the body. (managementstudyguide.com)
  • Thymus: A gland in the upper part of your chest that helps in the development of the body's immune system during the early stages of your life. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Some of the most significant parts of pubertal development involve distinctive physiological changes in individuals' height, weight, body composition, and circulatory and respiratory systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Incomplete or unsustained pubertal development is common, most often as isolated premature thelarche or adrenarche. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Such gonads are found exclusively in people with ovotesticular disorder of sexual development (OT-DSD), formerly known as true hermaphroditism. (medscape.com)
  • Ovotesticular disorder of sexual development is a rare condition. (medscape.com)
  • Genital ambiguity occurs in 1 in 4,500 births, and ovotesticular disorder of sexual development occurs in fewer than 10% of all disorders of sexual development. (medscape.com)
  • the triggered gonads now commence mass production of hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hormones can be inadequate during or after each stage of development - embryonic and adolescent. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Besides the SRY gene, certain hormones can influence the development of the sexual organs. (choc.org)
  • [4] [5] Physical growth (particularly in males) and cognitive development can extend past the teens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gonad condition provides powerful reproductive information for conservation and production aquaculture programs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Feeding and fattening of caught tuna in marine cages is a recent resource, but the development of a self-sustained aquaculture activity, being independent from the supply of wild fish, is required from both industrial and conservation perspectives. (nih.gov)
  • Development of a feeding simulation to evaluate how feeding distribution in aquaculture affects individual differences in growth based on the fish schooling behavioral model. (cabi.org)
  • Following the 7-week assessment period, the full cohort of 5-year old abalone ( n = 122) were then spawned and gonads were also evaluated using ultrasound technology before and immediately after spawning. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ultrasound imaging technology accurately differentiated between digestive and reproductive tissues, allowing for the characterization of an ultrasound gonad index score for rapid assessment. (frontiersin.org)
  • DTEM) has developed and coordinated a mixtures program that includes trend analysis to identify the mixtures most often found in environmental media, in vivo and in vitro toxicological testing of mixtures, quantitative modeling of joint action, and methodological development for assessment of joint toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • This evidence-based guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to describe the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. (medscape.com)
  • Although these tumors can originate during embryonic development, they aren't embryos, and they are not a person's "twin. (livescience.com)
  • Histological and histochemical techniques were used to examine the effects of 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (50293) (DDT) exposure on two distinct stages in chick embryos: a period during primordial germ cell (PGC) migration (after 5 days of incubation), and the midstage of gonadal development (after 12 days of incubation). (cdc.gov)
  • There was no abnormal external development of the chick embryos. (cdc.gov)
  • In girls, the first pubertal milestone is typically breast development (thelarche), followed soon after by appearance of pubic hair (pubarche) and axillary hair and later by the first menstrual period (menarche), which traditionally occurs 2 to 3 years after thelarche. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The RNA-binding protein NANOS3 poses as an interesting candidate gene for POI since members of the Nanos family have an evolutionarily conserved function in germ cell development and maintenance by repressing apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Nanos was first identified in Drosophila , where it represses the translation of target mRNAs through binding to their 3′ UTR and has a conserved function in germ cell development across species. (hindawi.com)
  • Members of the evolutionarily conserved Nanos gene family are preferentially expressed in the ovaries and are known to play an important role in germ cell development, maintenance, and survival [ 24 - 30 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Degeneration and hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules with poor germ cell development is frequently observed. (medscape.com)
  • Eggs continue their development in ex situ nests constructed near the original site selected by the mother. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gonad assessments in aquatic organisms are traditionally invasive procedures and may induce significant handling stress and lead to mortality. (frontiersin.org)
  • This modified extended fish early life stage toxicity test (OECD 210) examined the dose-effect relationship between aquatic dutasteride concentration and the development of secondary sexual characteristics and effects on gonad development in fish. (janusinfo.se)
  • I. Annual dynamics on gonadal development. (springer.com)
  • Effects of 1,1-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) on gonadal development in the chick embryo: a histological and histochemical study. (cdc.gov)
  • Following initial gonad ultrasound determination, a subset of another cohort of 5 year-old ( n = 62) red abalone produced at the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory were monitored using ultrasonography to detect seasonal changes in gonad size for 7 weeks. (frontiersin.org)
  • The presence of estradiol in developing ovarian follicles usually inhibits spermatogonia development in adjacent or contralateral seminiferous tubules. (medscape.com)
  • In the absence of the "SRY" gene, the gonad will turn into an ovary (indicating a female). (choc.org)
  • We predict that loss of MAP3K4 or other MAPK components may underlie disorders of sexual development (DSD) in humans as well. (plos.org)
  • In other cases, correcting the underlying pathology should restore normal ovarian endocrine function and prevent the development of osteoporosis. (medscape.com)
  • Rare mutations have been described in genes involved in ovarian development and/or function such as FSHR (MIM 136435), LHCGR (MIM 152790), BMP15 (MIM 300247), POF1B (MIM 300603), NOBOX (MIM 610934), INHA (MIM 147380), GDF9 (MIM 601918), NR5A1 (MIM 184757), and FIGLA (MIM 608697) and in meiotic genes [ 9 - 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Ovotestis refers to the histology of a gonad that contains both ovarian follicles and testicular tubular elements. (medscape.com)
  • They have no breast development, in contrast to individuals with androgen insensitivity. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis of embryonic XY gonads suggests that sex reversal is caused by delayed and reduced expression of the sex-determining gene SRY . (plos.org)
  • Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
  • In Drosophila, the single Nanos gene (Nos) is required for development of the abdomen as well as for germ line maintenance [ 31 , 32 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Expression analysis of mutant XY gonads at the same stage also reveals a dramatic reduction in Sox9 and, crucially, Sry at the transcript and protein levels. (plos.org)
  • If sex chromosomes are involved, there is a change in the development of sexual characteristics. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Primary amenorrhea is defined either as absence of menses by age 14 years with the absence of growth or development of secondary sexual characteristics (eg, breast development) or as absence of menses by age 16 years with normal development of secondary sexual characteristics. (medscape.com)
  • Since dawn of humanity, man seeks through different ways to determine factors involved in his development, as well as sex, age, height, ancestry and in vivo or post-mortem individual characteristics. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gonads play a crucial role in sexual development and also reproduction. (managementstudyguide.com)
  • and to explain a bit about the process: It's of course not just about measurements, listening sessions are a crucial and major part of the development. (audioholics.com)
  • When high doses of sex steroids are required to suppress endogenous sex steroids and/or in advanced age, clinicians may consider surgically removing natal gonads along with reducing sex steroid treatment. (medscape.com)
  • These structures are called streak gonads. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Congenital hypopituitarism (CH) is a common birth defect frequently associated with syndromic abnormalities in the central nervous system, ocular structures, face, and gonads. (sc.edu)
  • Beside the technological developments of farming facilities and protocols, a molecular approach seems promising for the studies of appropriate nutritional strategies, reproduction physiology and animal welfare, as well as lifestyle and response to endocrine disruptor pollutants. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)
  • During each stage, inadequate hormone stimulation will prevent normal development. (encyclopedia.com)
  • During normal development, SOX9 allows the prostate epithelium to outgrow into the mesenchyme and then provides basal cell support for development and maintenance of the luminal epithelium. (thermofisher.com)
  • Babcock RC (1990) Reproduction and development of the blue coral Heliopora coerulea (Alcyonaria: Coenothecalia). (springer.com)
  • After 5 days there were no alterations in the cellular morphology of the gonads. (cdc.gov)
  • Internal duct development usually corresponds to the adjacent gonad. (medscape.com)
  • The gonadal ridge, in turn, develops into a gonad. (wikipedia.org)
  • A great gig last night, with fans travelling from as far away as Merseyside and Bournemouth to see what might well turn out to be the Gonads' last-ever performance. (the-gonads.co.uk)
  • ATSDR will select substances/chemicals for development of interaction profiles through inter/intra agency communications and literature reviews. (cdc.gov)
  • Could play a role in T-cell development, gonad and neurological function. (lu.se)