• According to its stated goals, Structural Adjustment Loans (SALs) aim to achieve three main objectives: boosting economic growth, addressing balance of payments deficits, and reducing poverty. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the late 1990s, some proponents of structural adjustments (also called structural reform), such as the World Bank, have spoken of "poverty reduction" as a goal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within the IMF, the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility was succeeded by the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility, which is in turn succeeded by the Extended Credit Facility. (wikipedia.org)
  • Structural adjustment loans are mainly distributed to developing countries, located primarily in East and South Asia, Latin America, and Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • As of 2018, India has been the largest recipient of structural adjustment program loans since 1990. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is claimed that with the growing need for structural adjustments in different nations, the lines between SAL and other loan types provided by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have become less distinct. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, it is purported that both SALs and Enhanced Structural Adjustment Loans (ESAFs) issued by the International Monetary Fund aim to offer favorable assistance for medium-term structural reforms in low-income member countries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Andra Pradesh, India, has been the testing ground for a precedent-setting £3 billion state-level World Bank structural adjustment programme. (brettonwoodsproject.org)
  • In order to prevent a systemic crisis, the Federal Government should provide not just debt relief but also near-term liquidity to those states that are willing to undergo structural adjustments. (worldbank.org)
  • This paper is the second of four country case studies which is a part of a broader research programme addressing trade and structural adjustment issues in non-member economies which was conducted as a follow-up to Trade and Structural Adjustment: Embracing Globalisation (OECD, 2005) which identified policies for successful trade-related structural adjustment. (oecd-ilibrary.org)
  • Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) are an important feature of contemporary development, yet they are often evaluated in the terms set out by lenders themselves, ignoring the wider implications of SAPs. (routledge.com)
  • The Long Road to Structural Adjustment Alfred B. Zack-Williams with Ed Brown and Giles Mohan 2.What is Structural Adjustment? (routledge.com)
  • The Macroeconomic Impact of Structural Adjustment Lending Bob Milward 4. (routledge.com)
  • Social Consequences of Structural Adjustment Alfred Zack-Williams 5. (routledge.com)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Structural adjustment. (who.int)
  • Structural adjustment and beyond in Sub-Saharan Africa : research and policy issues / edited by Rolph van der Hoeven and Fred van der Kraaij. (who.int)
  • Structural adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa / editors, Laetitia van Drunen and Fred van der Kraaij. (who.int)
  • Structural adjustment in Africa : a performance review of World Bank policies under uncertainty in commodity price trends, the case of Ghana / Tetteh A. Kofi. (who.int)
  • Economic crisis, structural adjustment, and health in Africa / Francois Diop, Kenneth Hill and Ismail Sirageldin. (who.int)
  • Objective To explore the influences of facial disfigurement and social support for psychosocial adjustment in patients with oral cancer. (bmj.com)
  • Measures Data were collected using the study questionnaires, including the Facial Disfigurement Scale, the Social Support Scale and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale. (bmj.com)
  • 0.05) on psychosocial adjustment after controlling for other sociodemographic and clinical variables. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions The level of psychosocial adjustment in patients with oral cancer was suboptimal. (bmj.com)
  • Poorer psychosocial adjustment was reported by patients with more severe facial disfigurement and less social support. (bmj.com)
  • Patients with cancers in other areas of the oral cavity also reported poorer psychosocial adjustment than patients with cancers in the buccal mucosa. (bmj.com)
  • This is the first known study to explore the inter-relationship among individual characteristics, disfigurement and social support in shaping psychosocial adjustment of patients with oral cancer in Taiwan. (bmj.com)
  • The study findings present cross-cultural evidence for the importance of financial status, facial disfigurement and social support on the psychosocial adjustment in patients with oral cancer. (bmj.com)
  • The cross-sectional nature of the study precluded an assessment of the evolution of psychosocial adjustment with disease progression and did not permit us to determine causal relationships among the study variables. (bmj.com)
  • Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. (springer.com)
  • Relational aggression in peer and dating relationships: Links to psychological and behavioral adjustment. (springer.com)
  • A study of psychological, social, cultural, physical and emotional factors in personality development and behavior. (angelo.edu)
  • It also considers developmental theories and research that investigates biological, psychological, and social factors within a cultural framework. (ncat.edu)
  • His Program of research employs behavioral economic games, advanced quantitative methods, and traditional social psychological tools to study morality and politics. (csusm.edu)
  • Our work has been funded by the Economic and Social Research Centre (ESRC), Home Office, British Academy, Nuffield Foundation, United States Government, Leverhulme Trust, British Psychological Society and Prison Service Headquarters. (port.ac.uk)
  • Objectives During the perinatal period, women are exposed to major changes, holding possible adverse effects on psychological well-being and child development. (researchgate.net)
  • The Social Ecological Model (SEM) and the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing were used as guiding frameworks to ensure the instrument's validity. (cdc.gov)
  • Price Transmission, Threshold Behavior, And Asymmetric Adjustment In The U.S. Pork Sector ," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics , Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 32(3), pages 1-11, December. (repec.org)
  • Price Transmission, Threshold Behavior, And Asymmetric Adjustment In The U.S. Pork Sector ," 1999 Annual meeting, August 8-11, Nashville, TN 21666, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association). (repec.org)
  • A study of the dynamics of human behavior from a life adjustment approach. (angelo.edu)
  • This training rewards appropriate behavior to teach children social and other skills. (uofmhealth.org)
  • This is an introduction to the study of the behavior of the individual in relation to factors in his social environment. (ncat.edu)
  • She earned her Ph.D. in Comparative Psychology at UC Davis and her research involves social behavior and sensory adaptations in mammals, with a specialty in nonhuman primates. (csusm.edu)
  • and negative social-emotional behavior (Braeken et al. (researchgate.net)
  • 2017). The association between non-reacting and child social-emotional behavior in the current study was, against expectation, not mediated by pregnancy distress or postnatal symptoms of anxiety or depression. (researchgate.net)
  • The current study examined associations of mindfulness facets during pregnancy with toddler's social-emotional development and behavior problems, as well as potentially mediating effects of maternal mental health. (researchgate.net)
  • Method A total of 167 women completed questionnaires during pregnancy, the postpartum period, and 2 and 3 years after childbirth, assessing dispositional mindfulness, pregnancy distress, symptoms of anxiety and depression, child social-emotional development, and child behavior problems. (researchgate.net)
  • There is compelling evidence for the role of social information processing (SIP) in aggressive behavior. (cdc.gov)
  • This developmental stage may be a particularly important one to examine these associations, as some research suggests that social cognition becomes increasingly related to actual behavior in late childhood and adolescence, relative to early childhood (Landsford et al. (cdc.gov)
  • The need to increase the number of sessions and activities to train supportive reactions is discussed, as well as the relevance of interventions such as this one to expand parental knowledge about socio-emotional development in childhood. (bvsalud.org)
  • Carbon border adjustment mechanism: Tax or tariff for the climate? (kas.de)
  • The EU is planning to introduce a carbon border adjustment mechanism. (kas.de)
  • In light of the EU's more ambitious climate targets, the European Commission intends to introduce a carbon border adjustment mechanism in order to stem carbon leakage. (kas.de)
  • There is no ideal carbon border adjustment mechanism. (kas.de)
  • In different projects, we explore the complex interrelations of the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of transformations towards sustainable development. (lu.se)
  • Adjustment disorders are a reaction to stress. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Adjustment disorders happen at all ages and are quite common in children and teens. (uhhospitals.org)
  • In all adjustment disorders, the reaction to the stressor seems to be more than what is thought to be normal. (uhhospitals.org)
  • [ 1 ] Demoralization is a common element of adjustment disorders that may provide grounds for effective treatment interventions, either problem-solving approaches or psychotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • however, these measures do not distinguish between adjustment disorder and other depressive disorders, limiting their diagnostic utility. (medscape.com)
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders are neurologically based conditions that appear early in childhood, typically before school entry, and impair development of personal, social, academic, and/or occupational functioning. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Particularly after the reform and opening up, migration from the countryside to the cities became a constant social phenomenon. (boardhost.com)
  • An adjustment disorder is an unhealthy emotional or behavioral reaction to a stressful event or change in a person's life. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Results There was a positive association between maternal non-reacting mindfulness skills and child social-emotional development at 2 years of age, regardless of mothers' perinatal mental health, whereas other mindfulness facets were unrelated. (researchgate.net)
  • Conclusions Non-reacting skills in mothers during pregnancy may have favorable implications for child social-emotional development. (researchgate.net)
  • The social and emotional development of gifted children. (bvsalud.org)
  • The CBSS offers programs in psychology, counseling and behavioral health, criminal justice, social and political sciences, and social work. (coppin.edu)
  • 2315/PSYC 2315 Psychology of Adjustment (3-0). (angelo.edu)
  • 2319/PSYC 2319 Social Psychology (3-0). (angelo.edu)
  • With cutting-edge research from top international scholars in a diversity of fields, The Routledge Handbook of Adoption should be considered essential reading for students, researchers, and practitioners across the fields of social work, sociology, psychology, medicine, family science, education, and demography. (routledge.com)
  • Welcome to the College of Behavioral and Social Sciences (CBSS)! (coppin.edu)
  • With 8 undergraduate programs and five graduate programs in four departments of study, CSU's College of Behavioral and Social Sciences provides a hands-on, interdisciplinary education that puts learning into action. (coppin.edu)
  • The College of Behavioral and Social Sciences gets you ready for what's next. (coppin.edu)
  • You'll learn from experts in international development, conflict resolution and humanitarianism, as well as staff in the wider Department of Social & Policy Sciences community. (bath.ac.uk)
  • This two-year pathway is designed for students who wish to complete an Associate of Arts - Direct Transfer Agreement degree with a concentration in Social Sciences. (seattlecentral.edu)
  • Students taking courses in Social Sciences develop skills that are valuable for many 4-year university programs, graduate level programs, as well as various job sectors. (seattlecentral.edu)
  • Many theories exist about what humour is and what social function it serves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Preface and Prospectus Section 1: Histories and Theories of Adjustment Introduction 1. (routledge.com)
  • An examination of the physical, cognitive, and social development of adolescents, as well as the influence of contextual factors. (angelo.edu)
  • By contrast, more sophisticated forms of humour such as satire require an understanding of its social meaning and context, and thus tend to appeal to a more mature audience. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2010 is characterised by ongoing global problems and challenges, and in this context the fiscal and economic crisis, the impact of climate change and continuing social disparities are of overwhelming importance. (socialistinternational.org)
  • Its work is guided by the conviction that, for effective development policies to be formulated, an understanding of the social and political context is crucial. (nzdl.org)
  • What are the symptoms of an adjustment disorder in a child? (uhhospitals.org)
  • Children and teens have different symptoms of an adjustment disorder than adults. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Symptoms of an adjustment disorder can look like other health problems or mental illnesses. (uhhospitals.org)
  • As the term adjustment disorder implies, symptoms develop when the person is responding to a particular event or situation, for example a loss, a problem in a close relationship, an unwanted move, a disappointment, or a failure. (medscape.com)
  • No specific physical findings correlate with adjustment disorder, but people may consult a healthcare provider for poor sleep, aches and pains, indigestion, fatigue, and other typical symptoms related to physiological stress responses. (medscape.com)
  • The lack of interoceptive awareness is considered a vulnerability involved in the development and maintenance of anorexic symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, the evaluation provides input as to potential additional adjustments in relation to the phasing out of the Programme, relating to the exit strategies developed. (lu.se)
  • In this article, I review the history of landscape production in Florida, USA, to reveal the interrelated consequences of adjustments in political economy, administration, land use, and spatial representations for future landscape development. (lu.se)
  • Further your understanding of the political, economic and social forces that promote or prevent social and environmental justice around the world. (bath.ac.uk)
  • During this specialist master's, you'll enhance your knowledge and understanding of international development, social justice, wellbeing, and environmental sustainability. (bath.ac.uk)
  • This integrated policy of economic growth, social justice and ecological imperatives is not opposed to business competiveness, for this is an intrinsic component of modern business and effective statehood. (socialistinternational.org)
  • Completion of this program prepares students with foundational courses to transfer to a four-year college to earn a bachelor's degree in Liberal Arts or other fields, as well as opening doors to a variety of careers including non-profit, business, government, marketing, advertising, social justice, and more. (seattlecentral.edu)
  • This paper addresses these debates and discuss landscape's role in social justice. (lu.se)
  • 1,2,3 They offer unique opportunities for getting acquainted with the social norms and processes involved in interpersonal relationships, and for learning new social skills. (child-encyclopedia.com)
  • Socialization, enculturation, attitude formation and modification, social influence on perceptual and conceptual processes, and social interaction will also be studied. (ncat.edu)
  • The Institute attempts to provide governments, development agencies, grassroots organizations and scholars with a better understanding of how development policies and processes of economic, social and environmental change affect different social groups. (nzdl.org)
  • Asserting the right to participate in landscape production and thus to help steer landscape along desirable development pathways remains a core component of landscape politics and grows in importance as many societies experience widespread citizen withdrawal from engagement in political processes. (lu.se)
  • Employment and economic uncertainty, chronic stress, anxiety, and social isolation are likely to have negative impacts on parent mental health, couple and family relationships, as well as child health and development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Adjustment disorder with anxiety. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Gendered Poverty and Social Change: An Issues Paper (UNRISD, 1998, 44 p. (nzdl.org)
  • This particular approach has been prominent in aid agency writings on "gender and poverty", which have used social and/or economic indicators to capture poverty outcomes. (nzdl.org)
  • Debt, adjustment and poverty in developing countries / David Woodward. (who.int)
  • [2] Humour can be used as a method to easily engage in social interaction by taking away that awkward, uncomfortable, or uneasy feeling of social interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • What is an adjustment disorder in children? (uhhospitals.org)
  • Which children are at risk for an adjustment disorder? (uhhospitals.org)
  • The results suggest that homeschooling parents are successfully teaching their children this important social skill. (nheri.org)
  • A variety of outcomes for internationally and domestically adopted children and adoptive families is then discussed and the handbook concludes by addressing the development, training, and implementation of adoption competent clinical practice. (routledge.com)
  • After adjusting for sex, social group and milestones, those children scored higher in verbal tests. (who.int)
  • Bob Milward Section 2: Adjustment in Practice Introduction 3. (routledge.com)
  • Inaction is in itself action that facilitates both the existing status quo and its direction of development, for even that which appears motionless in its outward manifestation is in fact in a continuing state of perpetual transformation. (kersplebedeb.com)
  • The world is going through a new round of major development, transformation and adjustment. (xinhuanet.com)
  • A child may violate other people's rights or violate social norms and rules. (uhhospitals.org)
  • It provides the World Bank's diagnosis of Brazil's main economic and social development challenges and charts a possible course to address them. (worldbank.org)
  • The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) is the voice of organised civil society in Europe. (europa.eu)
  • In an own-initiative opinion, the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) proposes creating a Climate Adjustment Fund (CAF) to ensure a rapid response to new climate and energy crises. (europa.eu)
  • The economic and social well-being of countries in the world is increasingly interconnected. (xinhuanet.com)
  • The State Council Information Office held a press conference on Monday morning in Beijing to introduce the efforts being made by various government departments to coordinate the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic with continued economic and social development. (china.org.cn)
  • Next, we will continue to earnestly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions at the meeting to advance the work on coordinating the prevention and control of the COVID-19 and economic and social development. (china.org.cn)
  • Through systematic planning, targeted policies and pragmatic implementation, we will be able to prevent and control the epidemic while advancing economic and social development. (china.org.cn)
  • You'll critically examine the many political, economic and social factors that lead to inequality across the planet. (bath.ac.uk)
  • CBQF was established in 1990 with the mission to steadily develop and disseminate to the economic and social arena knowledge and innovation in pivotal areas - Food and Nutrition Environment and Health with key impacts on human health well-being and the economy. (ucp.pt)
  • In addition to this, neo-liberals have started to debate that governments are the problem rather than the solution.On the other hand, like governments across the political spectrum, Social Democratic governments have also to date not been sufficiently strong and effective to succeed in regulating financial markets and reducing the dangers of climate change. (socialistinternational.org)
  • The mission of the group is to contribute with high-quality research on fundamental issues related to grand societal challenges of globalisation and climate change, such as renewable energy transitions, institutional developments for a global carbon price, and Swedish innovations for sustainability. (lu.se)
  • The motivations of co-researchers ranged from individual goals - such as personal development, creating a new social identity and belonging to a social group - to more external goals, such as being valuable for other service users and increasing the quality of care. (nivel.nl)
  • WHO, the Regional Economic Communities and the African Union nium Development Goals (Document AFR/RC61/9) able technical knowledge for the Organization and for countries. (who.int)
  • Adjustment in Africa : lessons from country case studies / edited by Ishrat Husain and Rashid Faruqee. (who.int)
  • A study of physical, cognitive and social development from birth through childhood. (angelo.edu)
  • Contemporary theoretical formulations of the structure and development of personality and their empirical bases will be covered. (ncat.edu)
  • Reinsberg, B. , Shaw, D. and Bujnoch, L. (2022) Revisiting the security-development nexus: Human security and the effects of IMF adjustment programs. (gla.ac.uk)
  • EPM's ba1 BCA considers the progress around the development of the Ituango hydro plant, whose first two units started operations in 2022. (alacrastore.com)
  • And it makes communication and social interactions hard. (uofmhealth.org)
  • Communication and social interactions. (uofmhealth.org)
  • Bandura, 1973), a model of SIP was proposed by Crick and Dodge (1994) to describes a complex series of processing activities (e.g., perception of social interactions, response generation) that influence one's likelihood of responding aggressively in ambiguous social situations. (cdc.gov)
  • In India's federal structure it is state governments which play the lead role in social development. (brettonwoodsproject.org)
  • Consistent with government responses around the world, the Australian federal and state governments introduced an increasingly strict regime of social distancing/isolation measures to slow the rate of infection ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Rapid urban development, skyrocketing prices, the dependency of local governments on land revenues, and the most shocking , the rumored bankruptcy of the real estate giant Evergrande, 13 years after the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007-2008 shook the world economy, aroused the attention of financial analysts everywhere. (boardhost.com)
  • Adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Adjustment disorder is a stress-related, short-term, nonpsychotic disturbance. (medscape.com)
  • You will be qualified to work in a wide variety of roles, including social research, public policy, public information and campaigning. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) is an autonomous agency engaging in multi-disciplinary research on the social dimensions of contemporary problems affecting development. (nzdl.org)
  • UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research. (who.int)
  • Any refinement to the teto, however, should be subject to maintaining the same fiscal adjustment path and corresponding debt target, and should happen only after a substantial package of spending reductions has been secured. (worldbank.org)
  • We develop a model of search with learning to explain this phenomenon of asymmetric price adjustments. (repec.org)
  • These include the international development, sustainability, humanitarian and peacebuilding sectors. (bath.ac.uk)
  • only the concept of sustainable global development, the strategy of sustainability in its economic, ecological, social and cultural dimensions can resolve these problems in the interests of global society. (socialistinternational.org)
  • This evaluation of the RWI Turkey Human Rights Capacity Development Programme aims to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, and sustainability of the programme. (lu.se)
  • Child Development, 79 (5), 1185-1229. (springer.com)
  • Child Development, 66 (3), 710-722. (springer.com)
  • For the next five months, while social workers studied her background, Lucien read books and blogs about child development. (oprah.com)
  • Search with learning: understanding asymmetric price adjustments ," RAND Journal of Economics , RAND Corporation, vol. 39(2), pages 547-564, June. (repec.org)
  • Tinkering with the System: Adjusting Adjustment Ed Brown 8.The Search for More Radical Alternatives Ed Brown 9. (routledge.com)
  • Peer relationships are thought to play an important role in children's development. (child-encyclopedia.com)
  • 6 Early peer relations are thus highly relevant to social policy issues and should be an object of persistent attention. (child-encyclopedia.com)
  • What social behaviours are responsible for early peer relationship difficulties? (child-encyclopedia.com)
  • 9,8 These emerging social interactive skills are the foundation of early peer relationships, which are first shown in the behavioural preference for specific peers. (child-encyclopedia.com)
  • Contested Sovereignty and Democratic Contradictions: The Political Impacts of Adjustment Giles Mohan 6. (routledge.com)
  • Moreover, sweeping generalizations about female disadvantage (in mortality, nutrition, education) need to be revised in view of the contradictory findings of detailed studies of gender bias in well-being outcomes, which show incredible diversity not just across different regions, countries and localities, but also across social class, and over the life cycles of men and women. (nzdl.org)
  • The concept of 'human security' holds promise of capturing the strong connections between economic development and personal security that has ushered in the debate about the 'security−development nexus' in policy circles. (gla.ac.uk)
  • On top of last year's policy of cutting social insurance rate, these policies will help offset the impact of the epidemic on business. (china.org.cn)
  • These policy measures will play an important role in building up social expectations and boosting corporate confidence. (china.org.cn)
  • This new policy spurred development in the housing market, most notably after 1992 when the socialist market economy was established. (boardhost.com)
  • Secondly, the amendment of Agricultural Development Act in 2000 is a government- led policy that encourage individuals with non- farm occupations to purchase farmland and move to the countryside. (lu.se)
  • Such loans cannot be spent on health, development or education programs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Developing the Social Ecology of Occupational Zoonoses instrument: a comprehensive tool for measuring social and behavioral factors in agricultur al settings. (cdc.gov)
  • This article presents the development and validation of a new instrument measuring social, cultural, and behavioral factors influencing exposure to occupational zoonoses in agricultur al settings. (cdc.gov)
  • The Social Ecology of Occupational Zoonoses (SEOZ) was successfully used to determine social and behavioral factors associated with a higher risk of exposure to occupational zoonoses. (cdc.gov)
  • Otherwise the Pelican Bay State Prison officials, the California Department of Corrections, and its army of bureaucrats, will manufacture other pseudo-justifications and excuses to permanently isolate us to indefinite sensory deprivation (social extermination). (kersplebedeb.com)
  • While focusing the adjustment on primary spending is well justified, some revenue measures - in particular the elimination of the myriad of tax exemptions and loopholes - could contribute to reduce deficits at zero or low costs to growth. (worldbank.org)
  • Scale development: Theory and applications (3rd ed. (springer.com)
  • The goal is to transform the "essential" existence and function of the SHU as it currently exists-a tool of social repression that dehumanizes and socially exterminates the individual identity. (kersplebedeb.com)
  • Matthew Wilson graduated from MSc International Development at Bath in 2001. (bath.ac.uk)