• Although the current classification of acquired angioedema is being readdressed, in acquired angioedema type I, the associated disorders (usually lymphoproliferative malignancies) produce complement-activating factors, idiotype/anti-idiotype antibodies, or other immune complexes that destroy C1-INH function. (medscape.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies developed against immunogenic proteins (Tumor Specific Antigens/TSA's) that are expressed in human cancers, display a unique behavioral pattern. (jcancer.org)
  • Together with B and T cells , antibodies comprise the most important part of the adaptive immune system . (wikipedia.org)
  • Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
  • After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily . (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on the above observations, it was postulated that the plasmablasts that produced these broadly neutralizing antibodies were predominantly derived from activated memory B cells specific for epitopes conserved in some influenza strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients have shown deposition of IgM in the involved tissue, and using anti-idiotype antibodies, IgM monoclonal antibodies were demonstrated to react with epidermal antigens. (medscape.com)
  • These antibodies can also react with the developing megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, leading to decreased production of platelets (ineffective thrombopoiesis). (medscape.com)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) usually involves the expansion of a clone of CD5+ B cells synthesizing IgM antibodies. (omicsdi.org)
  • Maternal serum was tested for CMV immunoglobulin G antibodies at a median of 10 (interquartile range: 8-12) weeks gestation (n = 1501). (bvsalud.org)
  • When HEL was expressed in a soluble form, HEL-specific B cells were not deleted, but became unable to proliferate or secrete HEL-specific antibodies ( 2 ). (silverchair.com)
  • Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins [1] ) are proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates , and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses . (wikidoc.org)
  • each antibody has two large heavy chains H and two small light chains L . Antibodies are produced by a kind of white blood cell called a B cell . (wikidoc.org)
  • Antibodies occur in two forms: a soluble form secreted into the blood and tissue fluids, and a membrane-bound form attached to the surface of a B cell that is called the B cell receptor (BCR). (wikidoc.org)
  • Because it does not require genetic mutation or engineering to alter the antibody itself, its technology is applicable to natural antibodies under development, commercialized antibodies, or novel antibodies.Under the "patient first" philosophy, AbTis has been working hard to advance its ADC technology and co-develop product lines with other companies. (genscriptprobio.com)
  • Antibody idiotype is determined by: Gene rearrangement Junctional diversity P-nucleotides (palindromic nucleotides at sites of single-strand breaks) N-nucleotides Somatic hypermutations The word idiotype comes from two Greek roots, idio meaning 'private, distinctive, peculiar' and typos meaning 'mark. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "idiotype" is sometimes used to describe the collection of multiple idiotopes, and therefore overall antigen binding capacity, possessed by an antibody. (wikipedia.org)
  • He defined idiotype as the set of epitopes on the V region of an antibody molecule, where epitope means an antigenic determinant. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most commonly associated malignancy, B-cell lymphoma, has shown that anti-idiotypic antibody attached to immunoglobulin on the surface of B-cells causes C1-INH deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
  • Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). (wikipedia.org)
  • The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, with the exception of idiotype, few antigen targets have been identified that would facilitate specific immunotherapy of MM. We have previously described a murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conformation-dependent epitope on free human kappa light chains and a cell surface antigen, KMA, expressed on kappa MM (MM) plasma cells 1,2. (slideserve.com)
  • Here we show that the murine antibody, mKap, binds specifically to a range of kappa-type multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and mediates in vivo anti-tumor activity in a SCID mouse human myeloma xenograft model. (slideserve.com)
  • As part of the process of developing an antibody-based therapy for MM, we have generated a chimeric version of mKap, termed cKap. (slideserve.com)
  • [7] Activated B cells differentiate into either antibody generating factories called plasma cells that secrete soluble antibody, or into memory cells that survive in the body for years afterwards to allow the immune system to remember an antigen and respond faster upon future exposures. (wikidoc.org)
  • The company was founded by a group of scientists with extensive experience in protein expression, antibody development, library construction, stable cell line construction, cell culture, gene editing, and other related services. (alphalifetech.com)
  • Monoclonals developed from these tumor antigens are in the initial phases of investigation with regard to their specificity and antitumor activity. (jcancer.org)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that developing self-reactive B cells are not always highly sensitive to the deletion mechanisms imposed by membrane-bound self-antigens. (silverchair.com)
  • At low amounts, membrane-bound antigens allow survival of B cells bearing a single high affinity self-reactive B cell receptor (BCR). (silverchair.com)
  • Based on these results, it was postulated that B cell deletion required BCR cross-linking and could only be induced by membrane bound self-antigens. (silverchair.com)
  • Functions mainly as an antigen receptor on B cells that have not been exposed to antigens. (wikidoc.org)
  • In immunology, an idiotype is a shared characteristic between a group of immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules based upon the antigen binding specificity and therefore structure of their variable region. (wikipedia.org)
  • The variable region of antigen receptors of T cells (TCRs) and B cells (immunoglobulins) contain complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) with unique amino acid sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • These B cells appear to be blocked at the antigen receptor-expressing stage of B cell differentiation and are thought not to undergo an isotype class switch to IgG or IgA production. (omicsdi.org)
  • Conjugation of the PRP polysaccharide with protein carriers confers T-cell- dependent characteristics to the vaccine and substantially enhances the immunologic response to the PRP antigen. (cdc.gov)
  • This has prompted us to develop a vaccination strategy employing the tumor antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)4 as a target. (bmj.com)
  • low quantities of self-antigen induce the selection and accumulation of increased numbers of self-reactive B cells with decreased expression of antigen-specific BCRs. (silverchair.com)
  • By directly measuring antigen binding by intact B cells, we show that the low amounts of self-antigen select self-reactive B cells with a lower association constant. (silverchair.com)
  • A fraction of these B cells is activated and secretes autoantibodies that form circulating immune complexes with self-antigen. (silverchair.com)
  • These findings demonstrate that conventional B cells can undergo positive selection and that the fate of a self-reactive B cell depends on the quantity of self-antigen, the number of BCRs engaged, and on its overall antigen-binding avidity, rather than on the affinity of individual BCRs. (silverchair.com)
  • In transgenic mice expressing hen egg lysozyme (HEL) as a neo self-antigen, B cells transgenic for a high affinity B cell receptor (BCR) specific for HEL undergo different fates ( 2 , 3 ). (silverchair.com)
  • Data is presented indicating that cKap has identical antigen binding characteristics to mKap. (slideserve.com)
  • The BCR allows a B cell to detect when a specific antigen is present in the body and triggers B cell activation. (wikidoc.org)
  • Its biological effect is exerted through activation of bradykinin B2 receptors, which are expressed in the membranes of endothelial and smooth muscles cells. (medscape.com)
  • Cell surface receptors are able to detect chemical gradients of molecules such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and C5a which these cells use to direct the path of their migration. (bionity.com)
  • The company focuses on immune cell based anticancer therapy using NK cells and T cell receptors, and clinical trials based on independent research infrastructure, enabling patients to receive new drugs for cancer and get cured. (genscriptprobio.com)
  • The monoclonals (mAbs) that we have developed against specific immunogenic tumor membrane proteins have been studied in detail. (jcancer.org)
  • Monoclonals that we were able to develop from tumor specific proteins derived from colon and pancreas cancer were found capable of targeting those tumors to induce apoptosis. (jcancer.org)
  • We will also look at the combination of mAbs with immunostimulants such as GMCSF and IL-2 (fusion proteins) and eventual conjugation of the mAbs with alpha and possibly B -emitters to help in targeting bystander cells. (jcancer.org)
  • By performing large-scale major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II analyses on HA proteins, the degree of T-cell cross-reactivity between sH1N1 from 1968 to 2009 and pH1N1 strains was investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, the highly conserved antigenic epitopes sequences and the locations of HA and NA proteins, including B-cell epitopes, MHC I and MHC II epitopes between pH1N1 and sH1N1 viruses, based on immunoinformatics, were analyzed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [1] The immune systems of vertebrates such as humans consist of many types of proteins , cells, organs , and tissues, which interact in an elaborate and dynamic network. (wikidoc.org)
  • CCR5 is known to play a decisive role as a chemotactic receptor abundantly expressed on monocytes, macrophages and T-cells and its heterozygous mutation-related deficiency implies impaired memory CD4 + T-cell response [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These isotype-switched CLL B cells expressed surface HLA-DR, CD19, CD23, and CD5, and displayed no alterations of the bcl-1 and bcl-2 oncogenes and the p53 tumor-suppressor gene. (omicsdi.org)
  • They also suggest that Ag may play a role in the clonal selection of some of these isotype-switched leukemic cells, but bcl-1 and bcl-2 oncogene rearrangements and p53 tumor suppressor gene mutation are not associated with the pathogenesis of isotype-switched CLLs. (omicsdi.org)
  • Examples of in vivo isotype class switching in IgM+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • To test the hypothesis that in vivo isotype class switching occurs in IgM+ B-type CLL cells, we analyzed the PBMC of 19 CLL patients for the presence of transcripts encoding the rearranged CLL V(H)DJ(H) associated with either gamma or alpha H chains. (omicsdi.org)
  • The molecular data indicate that approximately 50% of B-CLL patients have amplifications of IgM+ B cells that undergo an isotype class switch. (omicsdi.org)
  • In many instances, these CLL-related gamma and alpha transcripts are much more plentiful than those of normal B cells that produce the same isotype. (omicsdi.org)
  • those with an immunoglobulin G (IgG) monoclonal gammopathy are considered to be a distinct group. (medscape.com)
  • Alpha Lifetech Inc. has developed and commercialized an integrated service covering native or synthesized library construction and screening, generation of specific monoclonal antib. (alphalifetech.com)
  • The best developed version of immune network theory is called the symmetrical network theory, in which the distinction between idiotype and paratope plays no role. (wikipedia.org)
  • In acquired angioedema type II, a normal 105-kd C1-INH molecule is synthesized in adequate amounts but, because of an unknown event, a subpopulation of B cells secretes autoantibodies to the C1-INH molecule. (medscape.com)
  • The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
  • The cDNA VH-D-JH gene sequence was joined with that of the C alpha gene in the B cells of the three IgA CLLs, and with that of the C gamma gene in the IgG CLL B cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • In all five CLLs, the pattern of C mu DNA probe hybridization to the digested genomic DNAs was consistent with deletion of the C mu exon from the rearranged Ig gene locus, suggesting that these CLL B cells had undergone DNA switch recombination. (omicsdi.org)
  • These findings suggest that IgA- and/or IgG-expressing CLLs represent, in their VH gene structure, transformants of B cells at different stages of ontogeny. (omicsdi.org)
  • the invention also provides non-human animals and cells comprising a transgene encoding an APP comprising the Swedish mutation and further comprising functionally disrupted endogenous APP gene loci, transgenes and targeting constructs used to produce such transgenic cells and animals, transgenes encoding human Swedish mutation APP polypeptide sequences, and methods for using the transgenic animals in pharmaceutical screening and as commercial research animals for modeling neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. (justia.com)
  • We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • AffyXell Therapeutics Co., Ltd. is a joint venture between Daewoong Pharmaceutical and Avacta Group, developing a novel cell & gene therapy to obstacle diseases that come from the imbalance of immune system homeostasis. (genscriptprobio.com)
  • Hence, primary hemostatic disorders are characterized by prolonged bleeding time, and the characteristic physical examination findings are petechiae and purpura. (medscape.com)
  • In comparison, defects in secondary hemostasis result in delayed deep bleeding (eg, into muscles and joints) and the characteristic physical examination finding is hemarthrosis. (medscape.com)
  • It is constitutively expressed in the skin and may play a role in T-CELL trafficking during cutaneous INFLAMMATION. (lookformedical.com)
  • The immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region (V) genes expressed by IgM chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells display little or no somatic mutations. (omicsdi.org)
  • The word "idiotype" became influential in immunology when Niels Jerne formulated his immune network theory. (wikipedia.org)
  • From biological studies using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from human donors not previously exposed to the pandemic virus, pre-existing CD4+ T cells can elicit cross-reactive effector responses against the pandemic H1N1 virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 8 ] Hypersensitivity to lipo-polysaccharide IL-1 production has been found in peripheral blood cells, particularly mononuclear cells. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, cKap satisfies the therapeutic criteria of being able to trigger ADCC MMusing human peripheral blood-derived effector cells. (slideserve.com)
  • With the eosinophil and the basophil , they form the class of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), named for the nucleus 's characteristic multilobulated shape (as compared to lymphocytes and monocytes , the other types of white cells). (bionity.com)
  • MONOCYTES and a variety of other immune cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Lymphoma b cell. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. (lookformedical.com)
  • A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Approximately 10-15% of patients eventually develop a lymphoproliferative disorder, such as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, or IgM myeloma. (medscape.com)
  • The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)
  • An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
  • A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Being highly motile, neutrophils quickly congregate at a focus of infection , attracted by cytokines expressed by activated endothelium , mast cells and macrophages . (bionity.com)
  • Acquired angioedema type I is associated with other diseases, most commonly B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. (medscape.com)
  • The cellular data indicate that B cells with lesser amounts of surface membrane IgD and higher IgM/IgD ratios are more likely to undergo this switching process. (omicsdi.org)
  • Collectively, these data suggest that not all members of a B-CLL clone are frozen at the surface membrane Ig-expressing stage of B cell maturation, and that some members can switch to the production of non-IgM isotypes. (omicsdi.org)
  • When HEL was expressed in membrane form, HEL-specific B cells were deleted early on ontogeny ( 3 ). (silverchair.com)
  • As a non-toxic drug carrier, gold nanoparticles are widely used in the biomedical field: due to their small size and large surface area, gold nanoparticles can easily cross the cell membrane and enter the cell interior. (alphalifetech.com)
  • Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)
  • Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
  • Whether you're investigating targets, developing biosensors, or exploring new applications of spherical gold nanoparticles, Alpha Lifetech Inc. is your trusted partner for exceptional spherical gold nanoparticles that will help you achieve your research goals. (alphalifetech.com)
  • The invention provides transgenic non-human animals, such as transgenic rodents and transgenic non-human mammalian cells harboring a transgene encoding an APP polypeptide comprising the Swedish mutation. (justia.com)
  • We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
  • Binds to allergens and triggers histamine release from mast cells and basophils , and is involved in allergy . (wikidoc.org)
  • In the IgA/IgG-coexpressing CLL B cells, identical VH-D-JH cDNA sequences were spliced to either C alpha or C gamma genes. (omicsdi.org)
  • Lack of intraclonal diversification in Ig heavy and light chain V region genes expressed by CD5+IgM+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells: a multiple time point analysis. (omicsdi.org)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. (lookformedical.com)
  • In the current study, we took the diverging approach of assessing immunogenetic characteristics for their association with COVID-19 clinical courses as well as with adaptive antiviral humoral immune response patterns in patients who mastered the infection without progression to severe manifestations (WHO° 3 or less). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eliminates pathogens in the early stages of B cell mediated (humoral) immunity before there is sufficient IgG. (wikidoc.org)
  • They occur in two forms: one that is attached to a B cell , and the other, a soluble form, that is unattached and found in extracellular fluids such as blood plasma . (wikipedia.org)
  • Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • Neutrophil granulocytes , generally referred to as neutrophils , are the most abundant type of white blood cells in humans and form an integral part of the immune system . (bionity.com)
  • Early onset AD is much more infrequent but shows a pathologically identical dementia with brain atrophy which develops well before the senile period, i.e., between the ages of 35 and 60 years. (justia.com)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Specific characteristics of the four conjugate vaccines available for infants and children vary (e.g., the type of protein carrier, the size of the polysaccharide, and the chemical linkage between the polysaccharide and carrier) ( Table 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. (lookformedical.com)
  • One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
  • The extensive experience of experts at Kashiwa Campus (Kashiwa Campus) has combined to conduct a series of cutting-edge research aimed at elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms of cancer and developing cancer therapies based thereon. (genscriptprobio.com)
  • The immunomodulation function by MSC is further increased with the Affimer®, and the treatment developed by the AFX platform enhances restoring immunologic balance. (genscriptprobio.com)
  • Expressed on the surface of B cells and in a secreted form with very high avidity. (wikidoc.org)
  • It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Most clinical studies dissecting the association of genetic characteristics with COVID-19 focus on either the susceptibility to infection or on disease progression to serious morbidity or mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
  • And various studies have secured animal experimental data on the efficacy and safety of the ACT platform, and confirmed the therapeutic characteristics while remaining in the immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid cancer and it complements the shortcomings of the existing second-generation CAR-T. (genscriptprobio.com)
  • AffyXell is developing pipelines taking this new therapeutic approach to lead in resolving fundamental causes of intractable diseases like immune rejection and autoimmune diseases. (genscriptprobio.com)
  • Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • METHODS: In vitro natalizumab arm exchange was conducted, along with peptide mimotope and anti-idiotype surface capture chemistry, to enable the development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). (bvsalud.org)
  • amyloid peptide appears to be toxic to brain neurons, and neuronal cell death is associated with the disease. (justia.com)
  • RESULTS: An assay utilizing a unique peptide Veritope™ was developed, which can exclusively bind to bivalent natalizumab. (bvsalud.org)
  • PRP vaccines were ineffective in children less than 18 months of age because of the T-cell-independent nature of the immune response to PRP polysaccharide (3). (cdc.gov)
  • Results Vaccinated dogs developed anti-Do-CSPG4 and Hu-CSPG4 immune response. (bmj.com)
  • approximately one in 200 children developed invasive Hib disease before the age of 5 years. (cdc.gov)
  • The Company is focused on developing multiple proprietary drug modalities to leverage oxMIF's potential as a target for systemic treatment of pancreatic, colorectal, ovarian and lung cancers, as well as for chronic inflammatory diseases. (genscriptprobio.com)
  • As immunity against influenza viruses involved not only B cell activation, but also T cell recognition and presentation, the T cell subgroups undoubtedly play an important role. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 3) We are defining the properties of cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the unique disease features of acute leukemias through the use of various adoptive animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • AffyXell's platform (also known as AFX) is created by converging the two proprietary technologies of its parent companies - Daewoong's mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and Avacta's Affimer® platform. (genscriptprobio.com)