Detect histocompatibility antigens class i. Medical search. Frequent questions

Various autoantibodies (including antinuclear, thyroid antimicrosomal, antigastric parietal cell, anti-adrenal cortex, antismooth muscle, and antimitochondrial antibodies) have been detected in patients with lichen sclerosus. (medscape.com)
or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity. (lookformedical.com)
Mature messenger RNA species for both class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules were detected by Northern hybridization, and their corresponding cell surface gene products were detected by cytofluorography of MCT cells stained with haplotype-specific antibodies. (rupress.org)
A matrix approach to human class II histocompatibility antigens: reactions of four monoclonal antibodies with the products of nine haplotypes. (bdbiosciences.com)
HLA antigens are substances, usually a protein, found on the surface of our cells that stimulate the production of antibodies. (hrsa.gov)
In the case of an organ transplant, the body will recognize the HLA antigens on the transplanted organ as not being the same as its own, and form specific antibodies against those particular HLA antigens. (hrsa.gov)
Second, because of previous medical events, some patients have already developed antibodies to specific HLA antigens. (hrsa.gov)
This is also the reason for the emphasis on detecting neutralizing antibody titers along the way as well since a high proportion of neutralizing antibodies is a safeguard against the antibody-driven enhancement of disease. (educatetruth.com)
Drugs with low molecular weight as antigens can bind to antibodies but are not immunogenic. (biomedres.us)
An antigen is any substance, such as a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or allergy, that induces the immune system to create antibodies against it. (biomedres.us)
All antigens are recognized by antibodies, which are produced initially in response to the antigens [7]. (biomedres.us)
Landsteiner first coined the term "haptenic immune response" to assist generate the idea of detecting anti-hapten antibodies in immunodiagnostics and therapies [11]. (biomedres.us)
Antibodies and Antigens. (eprf.ca)
however, rabbit antibodies raised against the recombinant proteins encoded by the gene of mouse bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BP180) are capable of inducing blisters in newborn mice in a complement-dependent manner. (medscape.com)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)
Histologically, PV can be detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay of anti-Dsg3 antibodies in the sera6 and blister fluid 7 . (bvsalud.org)

These cells express a comprehensive repertoire of antigen-specific receptors (cell surface immunoglobulin receptors for B cells, and cell surface T cell receptors (TCR) for T cells) that can recognize over one million distinct antigens [1]. (johnshopkins.edu)
To create a repertoire of antigen-specific TCRs, alternative forms of genes present in somatic cells are rearranged in a process, called somatic cell recombination, by using RAG-1 and RAG-2 recombinase activating enzymes showing in above figure. (pharmacygyan.com)

For instance, b cell EVs (explicitly exosomes) have been found to actuate antigen-introducing cells (APCs) and upgrade T cell multiplication in the non-hefty diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D (Sheng et al. (eccscotland.com)
However, from the cellular perspective, after binding of hapten to a carrier protein and formation of the complexes that are processed inside Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) and presented as a stable hapten-peptide complex to the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) settled in the tissues, an immune response will begin [13]. (biomedres.us)
Activation does not need antigen processing by APCs or presentation by MHC molecules. (pharmacygyan.com)

MHC proteins determine antigen recognition by lymphocytes and therefore their activation within secondary lymphoid organs. (univ-mrs.fr)
Post-translational modification of proteins has the potential to alter the ability of T cells to recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class -I and class-II restricted antigens, thereby resulting in altered immune responses. (scancell.co.uk)
Utilizing MetaCore software and subsequent downstream analyses of expression profiles for a knowledge-based curation of pathways and protein networks, we illustrated both the enrichment of Gene Ontology (GO) terms and specific antigen processing/presentation proteins. (bmj.com)
We investigated the T cell recognition of both the oncogenic proteins, Large and Small T antigen and the capsid protein VP1 that is profoundly expressed also in the non-symptomatic MCPyV infected healthy individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
Whereas the B cell antigen receptor directly binds to antigenic determinants present on soluble proteins, carbohydrates, or nucleic acids, the T cell antigen receptor binds most commonly to short fragments of antigens that have been broken down and loaded onto Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. (johnshopkins.edu)
The tests referred to right here demonstrate that mCD1 can acquire peptide antigens from prepared proteins intracellularly certainly, and, furthermore, they claim that peptide and nonpeptide antigens may bind differently to mCD1. (eprf.ca)

Here the MHC encounter antigens from pathogens or peptides from the self to orient the response of the immune system, either to mount an attack or to signal that they are harmless. (univ-mrs.fr)
Homocitrullinated peptides were identified and assessed in vitro for HLA-A2 binding and in vivo in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mouse models for immunogenicity. (scancell.co.uk)
Robust mass spectrometry analysis used a pooled sample to optimize the number of detected peptides. (bmj.com)
The human MHC class II molecules bind intracellularly processed peptides, present them to T-helper cells, and have a critical role in the initiation of the immune response. (thermofisher.com)
First, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and T-cell receptor (TCR) contact residues were identified by analysis of single site substituted analogue peptides for HLA-DR4 binding and cognate T cell recognition using both T hybridomas and polyclonal T cells from peptide-immunized HLA-DR4 transgenic mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Due to these data displaying that mCD1 trafficks to endosomes, where it could bind peptides produced from exogenous protein, we conclude that peptide antigen display by mCD1 may very well be a normally occurring sensation. (eprf.ca)

Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. (edu.au)
MHC molecules have receptor-ligand binding affinities with T lymphocytes, permitting the latter to detect foreign intracellular infectious agents. (arizona.edu)
They then migrate via the lymphatics to secondary lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the digestive tract and lungs) where they present these antigens to T and B lymphocytes. (univ-mrs.fr)
Paradoxically, while we have known for a long time the key role played by these cells in the activation of B and T lymphocytes, and we identified the sensors that allow them to detect danger signals emitted by pathogens, operation of this interface remains partly a mystery. (univ-mrs.fr)
To deliver these immunological instructions, antigen (in practice a peptide a few amino acids in length) is not presented in isolation to T lymphocytes by dendritic cells but is nestled in a pocket formed by a molecule, known as the Major Histocompatibility Complex (called HLA in humans). (univ-mrs.fr)
HLA-DR is expressed primarily on antigen presenting cells such as B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, thymic epithelial cells and activated T lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), articular cartilage is destroyed by chronic inflammation that is characterised by activated lymphocytes and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expressing cells in synovial tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
A full HLA class II type may be obtained on a large number of samples simultaneously without the need to separate and store viable lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)

1. Major histocompatibility complex class II antigens have the central role in the immune response of 'presenting' antigenic peptide to CD4 + T-cells. (portlandpress.com)
2. In the light of current interest in muscle cell transplantation, a transformed myoblast, TE671, phenotypically comparable to untransformed cells, transfected to express class II, was studied as a stable model of antigen presentation by muscle cells. (portlandpress.com)
Typically, immune cells detect the antigen presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on infected cell surfaces, triggering cytokine release, causing the death of the infected cell by lysis or apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
They were named "natural killers" because of the notion that they do not require activation to kill cells that are missing "self" markers of MHC class I. This role is especially important because harmful cells that are missing MHC I markers cannot be detected and destroyed by other immune cells, such as T lymphocyte cells. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to NKT cells, NK cells do not express T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) or pan T marker CD3 or surface immunoglobulins (Ig) B cell receptors, but they usually express the surface markers CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD57 in humans, NK1.1 or NK1.2 in C57BL/6 mice. (wikipedia.org)
NK cells also play a role in the adaptive immune response: numerous experiments have demonstrated their ability to readily adjust to the immediate environment and formulate antigen-specific immunological memory, fundamental for responding to secondary infections with the same antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. (edu.au)
MAb 1B1 detects CD1d at varying levels on most types of bone marrow and peripheral leukocytes and on epithelial, dendritic, and lymphoid cells in the thymus. (bdbiosciences.com)
We report here the utility of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for in situ detection of self-reactive CD4 T cells in two target organs, the brain and heart. (unl.edu)
We next extended these observations to detect cardiac myosin-specific T cells in autoimmune myocarditis induced in A/J mice by immunizing with cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (Myhc) 334-352. (unl.edu)
The data suggest that MHC class II dextramers are useful tools for enumerating the frequencies of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in situ by direct staining without having to amplify the fluorescent signals, an approach commonly employed with conventional MHC tetramers. (unl.edu)
These cell lines, assigned MIN6 and MIN7, produce insulin and T antigen and have morphological qualities of pancreatic beta cells. (eccscotland.com)
MIN6 cells don't communicate either significant histocompatibility (MHC) class I or class II antigens on the cell surface. (eccscotland.com)
We talk about a potential job of GT isoforms in glucose detecting by beta cells. (eccscotland.com)
Proximal tubular epithelial cells from mice which develop autoimmune interstitial nephritis were found to express the nephritogenic target antigen, 3M-1. (rupress.org)
The 3M-1 antigen can be found on the MCT cell surface by radioimmunoassay, or deposited in a linear array in the extracellular matrix surrounding the MCT cells in culture by immunofluorescence. (rupress.org)
Both the cell surface 3M-1 and the small amounts of detected class II MHC molecules appear to be biologically functional, as MCT cells can support the proliferation of 3M-1-specific, class II MHC-restricted helper T cells in culture. (rupress.org)
Once the intruder has been digested, dendritic cells also expose on their surface fragments of the pathogen: the antigens. (univ-mrs.fr)
This is the moment when the cells detect the microbes or danger, change their biological functions and begin their migration to secondary lymphoid organs. (univ-mrs.fr)
They use these instructions not only for themselves - because the encounter with microbial products is not a trivial event and generates natural stress in the cells - but also for immune cells with which they cooperate. (univ-mrs.fr)
Cathepsins are required for the processing of antigens in order to make them suitable for loading on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, for subsequent presentation to CD4(+) T cells. (unibe.ch)
It was shown that antigen processing in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC), a commonly used DC model, is different from that of primary human DC. (unibe.ch)
The serine protease cathepsin G (CatG) was detected in mDC1, mDC2, pDC, cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTEC) and high levels of CatG were determined in pDC. (unibe.ch)
Our data suggest a different processing signature in primary human antigen-presenting cells and CatG may be of functional importance. (unibe.ch)
however, the challenge for T cells is to recognize tumour antigens whilst minimizing cross-reactivity with antigens associated with healthy tissue. (scancell.co.uk)
Some tumour cells, including those associated with viral infections, have clear, tumour-specific antigens that can be targeted by T cells. (scancell.co.uk)
Anti-HLA-DR is intended for in vitro diagnostic use in the identification of cells expressing the HLA-DR antigen, using a BD FACS™ brand flow cytometer. (bdbiosciences.com)
Importantly, we show for three different epitopes that MCC specific T cells are capable of killing target cells expressing Large T antigen, including HLA-matched MCC cell lines, indicating that these T cells could provide functional activity upon in vivo transfer, and thus be employed in adoptive T cell therapy for MCC. (biomedcentral.com)
Description: The LN3 mAb reacts with the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, HLA-DR. HLA-DR is expressed on the surface of human antigen presenting cells (APC) including B cells, monocytes, macrophages, DCs, and activated T cells. (thermofisher.com)
Thus, B cells can see antigen directly, and respond by differentiating into immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
In contrast, T cells see processed antigen in the context of self MHC molecules, thereby providing a basis for self-nonself discrimination [2]. (johnshopkins.edu)
CD4 + helper T cells are activated after binding peptide antigen presented by MHC Class II molecules, and provide cytokine-mediated "help" both to shape the B cell-mediated humoral response, and to maximize the quality and durability of the CD8 + T cell-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response [3]. (johnshopkins.edu)
Emens, LA 2008, T cells and antigen recognition . (johnshopkins.edu)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory synovial disease thought to involve T cells reacting to an antigen within the joint. (bronsonvitamins.com)
Although the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the disease are unknown, rheumatoid arthritis is associated with human lymphocyte antigen (HSA)-DR4 and considered to be an autoimmune disorder in which activated T cells participate (1). (bronsonvitamins.com)
In a double-blind pilot trial involving 30 patients with multiple sclerosis, oral administration of bovine myelin antigens decreased the number of T cells that reacted with myelin basic protein (MBP), with no measurable toxicity (12). (bronsonvitamins.com)
Eosinophils function as antigen presenting cells as they express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. (medscape.com)
The clonal selection theory, developed by MacFarland Burnet in the late 1950s, says that antigens, not cells, control the immune response. (pharmacygyan.com)
Isopentyl pyrophosphate (IDP) and dimethylallylpyrophosphate (DMAP) are phosphorylated microbial compounds that CD4/T cells detect (DMAP). (pharmacygyan.com)

In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. (edu.au)

The 1B1 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to mouse CD1d, a 48-kDa glycoprotein with structural homology to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. (bdbiosciences.com)
The main objective of this work was on the one hand, to determine the abilities of three strains of Marek's disease virus (MDV), a chicken herpesvirus, in interfering with the expression of MHC class I molecules in chicken embryo fibroblasts. (arizona.edu)
Logically, the team is interested in finding out whether and by what means the dendritic cell redirects the transport of MHC molecules depending on the nature of microbial products that it has detected. (univ-mrs.fr)
Change in the distribution of MHC class II molecules within a dendritic cell in the presence (top) or absence (bottom) of the ubiquitin ligase MARCH1. (univ-mrs.fr)
HLA-DR, like other MHC class II molecules, is a transmembrane glycoprotein composed of a 36 kDa alpha chain (DRA) and 27 kDa beta chain (DRB). (thermofisher.com)
Although the nature of the antigens responsible for RA pathogenesis is unknown, there is evidence that the disease-associated HLA-DR (B1*0401, 0404, 0405 and 0101) molecules are involved in disease pathogenesis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CTLs are activated after binding antigen presented by MHC Class I molecules, deploying a payload of cytokines and enzymes that can effectively lyse diseased cellular targets. (johnshopkins.edu)
2) A CD4 molecule attaches to class II molecules in the second phase, stabilizing the TCR-class II complex. (pharmacygyan.com)
Class II molecules have six CDRs (three on each chain). (pharmacygyan.com)
The role of CDRs in binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules is shown in the Figure below. (pharmacygyan.com)
CDR2s interact with the class II molecules but are not involved in antigen recognition. (pharmacygyan.com)
CDR3s are responsible for binding to the epitope presented by class II molecules. (pharmacygyan.com)

Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant DONORS and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. (lookformedical.com)
Direct Staining with Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextra" by Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara et al. (unl.edu)
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a part of the immune system which presents epitopes of intracellular antigens on the cell surface. (arizona.edu)
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immune genes are important for immune responses against viruses, and a high MHC variability is thought to be crucial in adaptive processes under pathogen-driven selection. (edu.au)
Although a pivotal role of proteasomes in the proteolytic generation of epitopes for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I presentation is undisputed, their precise function is currently the subject of an active debate: do proteasomes generate many epitopes in definitive form, or do they merely generate the COOH termini, whereas the definitive NH(2) termini are cleaved by aminopeptidases? (ncl.ac.uk)
Moreover, in four of the five ligands, the NH(2) termini correspond to major proteasome cleavage sites, and putative NH(2)-terminally extended precursor fragments were detected for only one of the five ligands. (ncl.ac.uk)
Of the top 10 GO processes, 7 were related to antigen processing/presentation and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) presentation. (bmj.com)
Three loci, DR, DQ and DP, encode the major expressed products of the human class II region. (thermofisher.com)
Background: We have previously identified associations between major histocompatibility complex(MHC) class I and resistance towards bacterial and viral pathogens in Atlantic salmon. (sfu.ca)
TheIA region contained the recently reported MHC class I Sasa-ULA locus residing approximately 50 kbupstream of the major Sasa-UBA locus. (sfu.ca)
Thus, the sensitivity and robustiness of this technique give it major applications in the analysis of histocompatibility and disease associations, particularly in circumstances where facilities for the initial preparation and storage of samples may be limited. (ox.ac.uk)
Infection was found to elicit a pulmonary major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response which was first detectable 6 days after infection and optimal 7 to 9 days after infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Although genetic variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is associated with SLE, its role in the development of clinical manifestations and autoantibody production is not well defined. (cdc.gov)
12 - 15 These studies focused mainly on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes, and found evidence that class II alleles such as HLA-DRB1*03:01 are associated with auto-antibody production. (cdc.gov)

BAD-LAMP allows the addressing of TLR receptors in intracellular compartments that specifically define the out-put of the signals emitted by these receptors and therefore drives the type of immune response adapted to the detected microbial threat. (univ-mrs.fr)

This shows that, although both lipid and peptide display may occur normally, mCD1 may connect to both of these types of antigens differently. (eprf.ca)
Compact disc1 substances have several specific features, including too little KRas G12C inhibitor 3 polymorphism, nearly similar degrees of homology with both course I and course II substances (1), and appearance that is indie of either the peptide transporter connected with antigen display (Touch) (2, 3) or the invariant string (Ii). (eprf.ca)
mCD1 substances are exclusive within their capability to present well described peptide and nonpeptide antigens chemically, even though the non-classical H-2M3 molecule also could be with the capacity of this duality of function (12). (eprf.ca)
This boosts the relevant queries relating to whether peptide antigen display by mCD1 is certainly a KRas G12C inhibitor 3 sensation occurring normally and, if so, whether mCD1 substances can handle intracellularly buying peptide antigens. (eprf.ca)

Sequence-specific oligonucleotides (SSO) can be used to detect individual alleles with a high degree of accuracy by probing dot-blotted DNA, amplified to high copy number by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (ox.ac.uk)
We conducted a meta-analysis of four independent European SLE case collections for associations between SLE sub-phenotypes and MHC single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and variant HLA amino acids. (cdc.gov)
13 Our study substantially expands this work by not only analysing imputed classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, but also examining variant HLA amino-acid positions in conjunction with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes across the extended MHC region (chromosome 6: 26-34 Mb). (cdc.gov)
There is a fairly strong genetic background to pemphigus vulgaris with linkage to HLA class II alleles. (bvsalud.org)

T cell epitopes from Large T antigen of MCPyV display a large sequence variation with other polyomaviruses, but are highly conserved among different strains of MCPyV. (biomedcentral.com)

How do the sentinels of the immune system translate the microbial data they receive into immunological instructions? (univ-mrs.fr)
From the chemical standpoint, the hapten is a low molecular weight chemical agent, that must bind to a large carrier protein to create a conjugate (Figure 1), before being detected by the immune system and eliciting an immunological response. (biomedres.us)

How does the fact that there's an extra step involved in producing the vaccine's protein-based antigen(s) within the human body somehow mean that the final result isn't a true vaccine? (educatetruth.com)
By any rational standard, the mRNA vaccines are true vaccines in every sense of the word since they end up educating the human immune system to recognize a specific type of viral protein antigen which then causes this now educated immune system to specifically target the COVID-19 virus prior to an actual infection by the live virus. (educatetruth.com)
The expression of microtubule-associated protein LC3II and SQSTM1/p62 in the colon tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. (hindawi.com)

We have mapped the T cell recognition of MCPyV by use of a novel technology platform for T-cell enrichment and combinatorial encoding of histocompatibility antigen (HLA) class I multimers. (biomedcentral.com)

In situ localization of HLA class I mRNA in human testis. (ox.ac.uk)
We have used a 0.35-kilobase (kb) antisense RNA probe complementary to the monomorphic regions of both classical and nonclassical HLA class I sequences to detect histocompatibility-class-I-antigen-specific mRNA in human testicular tissue. (ox.ac.uk)

All ligands are transported by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). (ncl.ac.uk)

Engleman EG, Warnke R, Fox RI, Dilley J, Benike CJ, Levy R. Studies of a human T lymphocyte antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody. (bdbiosciences.com)
For example, if a candidate has developed a specific antibody to the HLA antigen A2, that person is said to be "sensitized" to the A2 antigen. (hrsa.gov)
Immunoglobulin class specific antibody response in serum, spleen, lungs and bronchioal- veolar washings after primary and secondary Sendai virus infection of germ free mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient. (lookformedical.com)
The stx1 gene abundance was only detected in tissue samples collected in year 2 and did not differ among breeds. (frontiersin.org)
Expression of stx2 was detected in 13 RAJ tissue samples (2014: n=6, 2015: n=7), while expression of stx1 was not detected. (frontiersin.org)

Two cell lines have been laid out from insulinomas acquired by designated articulation of the simian infection 40 T antigen quality in transgenic mice. (eccscotland.com)

T cell activation, for example, needs three steps: (1) The lymphocyte T cell receptor (TCR) interacts with the antigen-loaded class II molecule in the first phase. (pharmacygyan.com)
3) The T cell's CD28 binds with a B7 molecule on the APC in the last stage of the activation cycle (antigen-presenting cell). (pharmacygyan.com)

The various HLA class II specificities, identifiable by serological or cellular typing reagents, reflect underlying polymorphisms of the constituent alpha and beta chains, encoded at several loci within the HLA-D region. (ox.ac.uk)

It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs. (lookformedical.com)
However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. (mdpi.com)

To evaluate if onlyMHC or also closely linked genes contributed to the observed resistance we ventured into sequencing ofthe duplicated MHC class I regions of Atlantic salmon.Results: Nine BACs covering more than 500 kb of the two duplicated MHC class I regions of Atlanticsalmon were sequenced and the gene organizations characterized. (sfu.ca)
No other MHCclass I-like genes were detected in the two duplicated regions. (sfu.ca)
Two allelic BACs spanning the UBA locushad 99.2% identity over 125 kb, while the IA region showed 82.5% identity over 136 kb to the IB region.The Atlantic salmon IB region had an insert of 220 kb in comparison to the IA region containing threechitin synthase genes.Conclusion: We have characterized the gene organization of more than 500 kb of the two duplicatedMHC class I regions in Atlantic salmon. (sfu.ca)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

We identified positive selection on putative antigen-binding sites of the MHC. (edu.au)

Characterization of a renal tubular epithelial cell line which secretes the autologous target antigen of autoimmune experimental interstitial nephritis. (rupress.org)
Oral tolerization, a method of inducing antigen-specific tolerance, suppresses animal models of the autoimmune diseases multiple sclerosis, uveitis, and diabetes (6-11). (bronsonvitamins.com)

In one study, immunohistochemistry detected IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-5 in the granule matrix of eosinophils, the release of which is thought to be involved in the perpetuation of intestinal eosinophil infiltration and inflammation. (medscape.com)

Human papillomavirus type 6 or type 16 has not been detected in patients with BXO, which strongly suggests that genital papillomaviruses do not have a strong association with BXO. (medscape.com)
In addition, the homocitrullinated aldolase epitope was also detected in human tumor samples. (scancell.co.uk)
Differential expression of HLA class II antigens in fetal human spleen: relationship of HLA-DP, DQ, and DR to immunoglobulin expression. (bdbiosciences.com)
HLA stands for Human Leukocyte Antigen. (hrsa.gov)
2003). After the early success of transplantation of cord blood from related donors, cord blood banks were established to provide rapidly accessible, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-typed units predominantly for transplantation of HPCs from unrelated donors. (nationalacademies.org)
Techniques used to define human MHC antigens: polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide probes. (ox.ac.uk)

Numerous T cell responses were detected against MCPyV in both healthy donors and MCC patients, with a striking observation that T cell responses against Large and Small T antigens were found exclusively in MCC patients, suggesting that these oncoproteins are only presented to the immune system in the tumor-bearing host and represent highly specific targets for cancer immunotherapy of MCC. (biomedcentral.com)

Antigen processing/presentation and cytokine production/signaling via IFN-γ-mediated signaling through NF-κB and the JAK/STAT pathway interaction with iNOS were mechanistic candidates of response to anti-PD-1 therapy. (bmj.com)

Transplant centers enter these unacceptable antigens for their candidates. (hrsa.gov)
When a transplant coordinator enters the unacceptable antigens for a patient, the CPRA calculator automatically calculates the CPRA value. (hrsa.gov)
Whenever a transplant coordinator updates a patient's unacceptable antigens, the system will automatically recalculate the value. (hrsa.gov)

Despite the past bottlenecks we found a relatively high number of MHC class I sequences distributed over 2-4 loci. (edu.au)

Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains. (lookformedical.com)
Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (lookformedical.com)

Leukocytes of the innate immune system reside in peripheral tissues and circulate through the blood and secondary lymphoid tissues (the spleen and the lymph nodes), serving as immunologic sentinels for detecting general signs of danger. (johnshopkins.edu)
Immunologic tests can detect beryllium sensitization and help clinicians differentiate between chronic beryllium disease and other interstitial lung diseases. (cdc.gov)

Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. (lookformedical.com)

The large differences in gene content and most likely function of the salmon andtrout class IB region clearly argues that sequencing of salmon will not necessarily provide informationrelevant for trout and vice versa. (sfu.ca)
The stx2 gene was detected in STEC from all samples collected in both years and did not vary among breeds. (frontiersin.org)

The immune response is broadly classified into either the innate, antigen-nonspecific response, or the adaptive, antigen-specific response. (johnshopkins.edu)

IgG was the first class of virus-specific immunoglobulin to be detected in the lungs of infected animals after experimental infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)

However, only high molecular weight antigens, which are called immunogens, can stimulate immune responses [8]. (biomedres.us)

they sense microbial products, classify them according to their type and then convert this information into instructions. (univ-mrs.fr)

Virus antigen within the lungs was found to be restricted essentially to the alveolar regions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We found evidence of associations independent of MHC class II variants in the anti-Ro subset alone. (cdc.gov)

Enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity could be detected after only 1 day post-infection and continued to rise to maximum levels on day 3. (microbiologyresearch.org)
However, IgG was not detected until day 10 post-infection, 5 days after the initial decline of virus shedding. (microbiologyresearch.org)

These specific features, as well as the conservation of Compact disc1 substances through a lot of the mammalian purchase, justify their categorization as another, third category of antigen-presenting substances. (eprf.ca)
Simple recombination in the α-chain can result in approximately 4.9 × 103 antigen-specific TCRs. (pharmacygyan.com)

Background Favorable outcomes utilizing anti-PD-1 based immune therapies for unresectable melanoma patients are hypothesized to be dependent on antigen processing and presentation mechanisms. (bmj.com)
Conclusions These comparative analyses illustrated the importance of antigen processing/presentation pathways mediated by both MHC class I and II in activating the immune system to initiate and maintain the immune-based response to anti-PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma patients. (bmj.com)

Entering unacceptable antigens for candidates increases the efficiency of organ allocation by screening off incompatible donors. (hrsa.gov)

Compact disc1 substances are a category of antigen-presenting substances distantly linked to main histocompatibility complicated (MHC)-encoded course I and course II substances. (eprf.ca)

The present study utilizes multiomics to examine the contribution of antigen presentation pathways in metastatic melanoma tumors either responsive or resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy. (bmj.com)

Anatomy33

Organisms14

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care2

Antibodies16

Repertoire of antigen-specific2

APCs3

Proteins6

Peptides6

Lymphocytes8

Cells40

Humans1

Molecules12

Major14

Receptors1

Peptide4

Alleles4

Epitopes1

Immunological2

Protein3

Recognition1

MRNA2

Transporter1

Antibody3

Tissue3

Transgenic1

Molecule2

Serological1

Immunosuppressive2

Genes4

Putative1

Autoimmune2

Immunohistochemistry1

Human6

Tumor1

Cytokine1

Transplant3

Sequences1

Identical2

Immunologic2

Allelic1

Gene2

Adaptive1

Immunoglobulin1

Immune responses1

Microbial1

Found2

Infection2

Specific2

Patients2

Donors1

Substances1

Presentation1