• Driven nonlinear resonators provide a fertile ground for phenomena related to phase transitions far from equilibrium, which can open opportunities unattainable in their linear counterparts. (nature.com)
  • In physics, the goal is to describe macroscopic phenomena in terms of microscopic models and to give meaning to notions such as temperature or entropy. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • We would now like to use this method to probe a wide range of phase transition-related phenomena in ferroelectric systems,' Bassiri-Gharb told Materials Today . (materialstoday.com)
  • The phenomena of punctuated equilibrium and phyletic gradualism are described and examples of both are given. (ufn.ru)
  • These models and phenomena are studied theoretically in this thesis, mainly using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations.Superconducting s+is states have recently been described for superconductors with N = 3 components. (kth.se)
  • QFT gives us a way to calculate critical exponents, which are key parameters describing these phenomena. (polytechnique.edu)
  • It provides a bridge between the microscopic world of particles and the macroscopic world that we can observe, explaining phenomena like the behaviour of liquids and gases, phase transitions, and the thermodynamic properties of materials. (mpg.de)
  • We demonstrate that optical injection of quantum confined excitons in this system realizes the two main features that ubiquitously pervade the phase diagram of many quantum materials: collective phenomena, in which long-range orders emerge from incoherent fluctuations, and the excitonic Mott transition, which has one-to-one. (lu.se)
  • However, it has to be kept in mind that incongruent transition is described by an equilibrium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understand how large complex systems at equilibrium can be described from microscopic rules. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • The aim of this talk is therefore to describe the stochastic Nash equilibrium problem and a possible approach to find equilibria. (tudelft.nl)
  • Arthur Genthon of the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Albertas Dvirnas and Tobias Ambjörnsson (Lund University, Sweden) have now derived an exact equilibrium solution of an extended Poland-Scheraga model that describes DNA with a defect site that could, for instance, result from DNA basepair mismatching, cross-linking, or the chemical modifications from attaching fluorescent labels, such as fluorescent-quencher pairs, to DNA. (mpg.de)
  • 3. describe the approach to the equilibrium state in terms of phase space concepts, reversibility and irreversibility. (lu.se)
  • But for symmetry reasons this would mean that gravitational theories should exhibit phase transitions too. (sciencedaily.com)
  • I will present results showing the significance of this effect for catalysis by magnetic monopoles in a simplified model, then discuss the same effect for domain walls catalysing the electroweak phase transition. (caltech.edu)
  • Of special interest is the electroweak phase transition in which the Higgs field got its vacuum expectation value and all elementary particles got there mass. (lu.se)
  • Superconductivity is an almost ubiquitous feature in the low temperature phase diagram of multilayer graphene allotropes - moire or crystalline. (virginia.edu)
  • While the microscopic electronic structures of these systems differ, supporting devices with monolayer WSe2 has been shown to increase superconductivity along many axes of the phase space like density, magnetic field and temperature. (virginia.edu)
  • For instance, in phase transition-based detectors and transition-edge sensors 27 , the reset time (return time to the critical bias point) can be significantly reduced using an ultrafast nonlinear process compared to thermodynamic transitions. (nature.com)
  • In order to build a complete picture, the team also modeled the relaxor-ferroelectric materials using computational thermodynamic methods and demonstrated that these corroborated the experimental results revealing the existence of a phase transition and the evolution of a complex domain pattern. (materialstoday.com)
  • To familiarise students with statistical mechanics models, phase transitions, and critical behaviour. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Apply basic ideas of phase transitions and critical behaviour to lattice systems of statistical mechanics. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Have understood basic ideas of phase transitions and critical behaviour in several concrete examples. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • In this kind of correspondence, the quantum field theory is always described in one fewer dimension than the gravitational theory. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In certain cases this phase transition may have been so violent as to give rise to gravitational waves which could be detected also today as a cosmological remnant. (lu.se)
  • Here we want to improve our understanding of the dynamics of phase transitions in models with additional scalar fields as well as study the phenomenological implications of specific scenarios for physics beyond the standard model by combining the searches at collider experiments and future gravitational-wave detectors. (lu.se)
  • Sublimation is used to describe an exchange of bodies and spirits similar to a laboratory phase transition made between solids and gases. (energeticsynthesis.com)
  • 5. describe and explain the equation for non-ideal gases (van der Waals equation). (lu.se)
  • 9. describe the mechanism behind the pressure in degenerate fermion gases and provide applications in astronomy. (lu.se)
  • More interesting in the context of this book is the fact that although the aforementioned examples are all made from very different materials, namely, ceramics, metals, and fluids, respectively, their multifunctionality is based on the same underlying principle - a structural phase transition induced by an external field, either an electrical, magnetic, or thermal field. (destechpub.com)
  • Yafei's dissertation focused mainly on controllable deformation localization and structural phase transitions in mechanical metamaterials. (academy.ac.il)
  • We use solution SAXS to investigate the structure and long-range structural phase-transition of the encapsidated genomes under variable environmental parameters. (lu.se)
  • Typically a first order phase transition is associated with a discontinuity ∆S in the entropy. (docslib.org)
  • The behavior of the system around the critical point is characterized by the order parameter (OP). Second-order phase transition displays continuity in the OP while exhibiting a discontinuity in the derivative of the OP. On the other hand, first-order transition is known to possess a discontinuous OP around the transition point. (nature.com)
  • We demonstrate that the degree of discontinuity of the direct transitions increases with N, at least for small N, and that the transitions from paired phases to fully disordered phases can be discontinuous. (kth.se)
  • Here, we show that optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) can undergo second-order phase transitions in the spectral domain between degenerate and non-degenerate regimes. (nature.com)
  • But also time and space can undergo a phase transition, as the physicists Steven Hawking and Don Page pointed out in 1983. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By changing the temperature, all of the holes in the network would simultaneously undergo phase changes. (newstarget.com)
  • This approach is designed to uncover topologically correlated phases in materials exhibiting electronic entanglement, such as Mott phases. (virginia.edu)
  • This paper describes the first phase of research aimed at understanding explosion pressures that can develop in coal mines and the factors that lead to high explosion pressure and possible transition to detonation. (cdc.gov)
  • This paper describes lab experiments to examine the effect of spray type, pressure, machine body blocking sprays, and scrubber airflow on dust and gas levels while using a 12.2 m (40 ft) exhaust ventilation curtain setback from the face. (cdc.gov)
  • This paper describes the health sector transition from our perspective for the period three to seven months after Typhoon Haiyan. (who.int)
  • This paper describes a novel mouse model that recreates the transition of pneumococci from asymptomatic carriage to disease upon viral infection. (lu.se)
  • The direct transitions from fully ordered to fully disordered phases have been reported to be continuous for N = 1 and N = 183, and discontinuous for N = 2. (kth.se)
  • These models are of central interest due to the theory of deconfined quantum criticality, according to which such gauge theories may describe phase transitions beyond the Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson paradigm. (kth.se)
  • He has illustrated the reconciliation in various areas such as phase transitions, renormalization, and gauge theories. (wikipedia.org)
  • The free energy describes a system that has a fixed number of particles N that is in contact with a heat bath at temperature T . Such a system always wants to minimize its free energy. (docslib.org)
  • We review its motivations and the basic ingredients and describe subclasses of effects, like those of lepton flavours, spectator processes, scatterings, finite temperature corrections, the role of the heavier sterile neutrinos, and quantum corrections. (hindawi.com)
  • The stability of the clusters of xenon atoms determined the temperature at which they would transition between phases. (newstarget.com)
  • However, Van Heumen believes that materials will soon be engineered to feature similar transitions at room temperature. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The device and the temperature calibration procedure are described. (aps.org)
  • We describe the effect of varying this temperature on the resulting random field texture patterns. (mit.edu)
  • In analogy to the critical temperature for an infinite system, we introduce the idea of transition temperatures for a finite texture. (mit.edu)
  • The nature of the phase transitions in these models is of great importance in modern physics, and yet remains poorly understood. (kth.se)
  • The team's experiments are described in the latest edition of Nature Physics . (sciencedaily.com)
  • This DNA melting is described by a powerful model of statistical physics, the Poland-Scheraga model. (mpg.de)
  • The basic problem, however, is to describe various quantum vacuum (condensate) contributions to the ground state energy at macroscopic separations (IR limit), as well as their renormalization group (RG) running without having a complete high-energy QFT (UV limit). (lu.se)
  • Realizing phase transitions based on the optical parametric processes can provide unique opportunities for sensing. (nature.com)
  • Examples of such rare events are phase transitions, chemical reactions, and biophysical processes. (esi.ac.at)
  • This project really builds upon a previous Healthy Communities model used by NACDD and was modified to consist of six phases that really are a crucial part of the inclusive healthy community change processes that are focused on improving the health and well-being of people with disabilities. (cdc.gov)
  • We introduce the concept of the interspecies correlation coefficient which describes how quickly the tip species lose shared ancestral signal as we proceed from a Brownian motion (no drift) to OU processes with more and more drift. (lu.se)
  • The host factors driving those processes are not well defined, in part due to a lack of animal models that reproduce the transition from asymptomatic colonization to severe clinical disease. (lu.se)
  • Its creators described it as a big leap for nanometer-scale data storage devices. (newstarget.com)
  • Using a new technique, Van Heumen and McLeod are now able to visualise the changes taking place in the material during such a phase transition on the nanometer scale. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We construct Brownian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) chains subjected to continuous monitoring and explore possible entanglement phase transitions therein. (aps.org)
  • In the noninteracting case with SYK2 chains, the model features a continuous O(2) symmetry between two replicas and a transition corresponding to spontaneous breaking of that symmetry upon varying the measurement rate. (aps.org)
  • In the interacting case, the continuous O(2) symmetry is explicitly lowered to a discrete C4 symmetry, giving rise to volume-law entanglement entropy in the symmetry-broken phase due to the enhanced linear free energy cost of domain walls compared to vortices. (aps.org)
  • Percolation is the simplest process showing a continuous phase transition, scale invariance, fractal structure, and universality and it is described with just a single parameter, that is, the probability of removing a node or edge. (hindawi.com)
  • Phase diagram of a DMS quantum well, using the parameters described in the text. (ioffe.ru)
  • Phase diagram of a DMS quantum well as a function of T and magnetic field for a hole density such that k F = 0.2 nm -1 . (ioffe.ru)
  • The abrupt metal-insulator transition that we investigated could also be forced to take place under influence of, for example, a light flash, which could find applications for better isolating the computational units of quantum computers. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We show that the divergent susceptibility of the critical point is accompanied by spontaneous symmetry breaking and distinct phase noise properties in the two regimes, indicating the importance of a beyond nonlinear bifurcation interpretation. (nature.com)
  • Examples include partially ordered phases and spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry due to frustration between Josephson-coupled components. (kth.se)
  • Yafei introduced the phi^4 model, the Klein-Gordon equation, and Landau theory to describe the controllable phase transition behaviors under mechanical loadings. (academy.ac.il)
  • These systems are driven by algorithms that dynamically classify intervals of execution into phases and predict phase changes. (ucsd.edu)
  • In another contribution dealing with contemporary Romanian art, Cosmin Costinas focuses on the work of artist Alexandra Croitoru, whose approach to "Romanian identity" is a blend of archaeological curiosity, sometimes driven by vestiges of the "transition mentality", and advocacy of change and "Westernisation", but always characterised by a critical, detached openness. (camera-austria.at)
  • I will describe how machine learning approaches can be used to find them in a data-driven way as well as improve the way the external potentials are constructed, thus extending the scope of advanced sampling simulations to more complex systems. (esi.ac.at)
  • Knowing where these phase transitions happen and at which length scales can help us design next-generation materials. (materialstoday.com)
  • However, until recently it was not possible to directly measure how such phase transitions proceed on small length scales. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In this paper, we examine several improvements to dynamic phase classification and prediction. (ucsd.edu)
  • We also describe an adaptive system that dynamically adjusts classification thresholds and splits phases with poor homogeneity. (ucsd.edu)
  • In the symmetry broken phase at low measurement rate, the emergent replica criticality associated with the Goldstone mode leads to a log-scaling entanglement entropy that can be attributed to the free energy of vortices. (aps.org)
  • This modification identifies phase transitions for what they are, instead of classifying them into a new phase, which increases phase prediction accuracy. (ucsd.edu)
  • The text identifies and elaborates the fundamental principles of ferroelectricity, elastic phase transformation, and energy transfer mechanisms that form the common basis for understanding the functionality, application potential, and limitations of a smart materials system. (destechpub.com)
  • December 8, 2021 - Notice to Extend Eligibility for Submission of "Maximizing Opportunities for Scientific and Academic Independent Careers (MOSAIC) Postdoctoral Career Transition Award to Promote Diversity (K99/R00)" Applications Due to COVID-related Disruptions. (nih.gov)
  • It describes a peculiar connection between theories of gravity and quantum field theories -- two areas which, at first glance, do not have much in common. (sciencedaily.com)
  • phase transitions in quantum field theories are well known. (sciencedaily.com)
  • I will discuss both topological insulators, in non magnetic and magnetic phases as well as topological (chiral) semimetals using the the modern theory of topological band structure-Topological Quantum Chemistry - built upon symmetry-based considerations and complemented with chemical theories of bonding, ionization, and covalence. (virginia.edu)
  • Another example of a second order phase transition is the paramagnetic to ferromag- netic phase transition. (docslib.org)
  • Full and broken lines represent first- and second-order phase transitions, respectively, between ferromagnetic (F) and paramagnetic (P) phases. (ioffe.ru)
  • The broken line corresponds to k F = 0.2 nm -1 , in this case there is a first-order transition between the x = 1 ferromagnetic phase and the paramagnetic phase. (ioffe.ru)
  • To support the ongoing management of viral respiratory diseases while transitioning out of the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries are moving toward an integrated model of surveillance for SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and other respiratory pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • As countries transition out of the pandemic, many have discontinued or scaled back COVID-19 surveillance activities and are moving toward integrated surveillance for COVID-19, influenza, and other viral respiratory illnesses of epidemic or pandemic potential ( 16 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Their approach more formally known as band-excitation piezoresponse force microscopy (BE-PFM), which was developed at ORNL, allowed the researchers to analyze the changes in resonant frequencies to betray a phase change. (materialstoday.com)
  • This phase transition between a boring empty space and an expanding universe containing mass has now been mathematically described by researchers. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This program is designed to facilitate a timely transition of outstanding postdoctoral researchers with a clinical doctorate degree from mentored, postdoctoral research positions to independent, tenure-track or equivalent faculty positions. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers found a way to get individual molecules and atoms to change their phase. (newstarget.com)
  • 6. define and explain the concepts of phase transition and order parameter, and give examples from the mean field treatment of ferromagnetism. (lu.se)
  • and considered the key transitions associated with these phases of development, examining the psychological changes and exploring how and why these changes happen. (futurelearn.com)
  • Relevant factors in this phase include individual, psychological, social, and cultural characteristics as well as what Andreasen (1990) called cultural interpenetration (exposure of one culture to another through direct experience and/or indirectly through the media or the experiences of others). (acrwebsite.org)
  • Pre and post-retirement psychological interventions aim to contribute to this transition, promoting well-being, adaptation and higher quality of life in facing the changes inherent to this developmental stage. (bvsalud.org)
  • External stimuli can trigger a phase transition in various ferroelectric materials, such as lead magnesium niobite-lead titans, commonly known as PMN-PT, and used in high-resolution ultrasound transducers and pyroelectric devices (infrared detectors). (materialstoday.com)
  • However, as T increases, entropy becomes more important and a system wants to maximize its entropy S in order to minimize its −En/kB T free energy. (docslib.org)
  • In the symmetric phase at higher measurement rate, the entanglement entropy obeys area-law scaling. (aps.org)
  • Abstract This document analyzes the transition to IPv6 in Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) packet networks. (rfc-editor.org)
  • ABSTRACT - Consumer acculturation consists of three phases: Pre-immigration, transition, and outcomes. (acrwebsite.org)
  • Fréedericksz transition on air Video Abstract Icon by Juliette Plo, Dihya Sadi, Elio Thellier, Pawel Pieranski, Mehdi Zeghal and Patrick Judeinstein. (aapt.org)
  • The problems of speciation are discussed and its similarity to phase transitions is demonstrated. (ufn.ru)
  • A phase transition is observed when the drift equals half the speciation rate. (lu.se)
  • We analytically derive the effective action in the large-N limit and show that an entanglement transition is caused by the symmetry breaking in the enlarged replica space. (aps.org)
  • In a liquid the atoms or molecules are disordered in their arrangement, but at the transition, they suddenly become ordered. (docslib.org)
  • Rachel Maldonado and Patriya Tansuhaj (1999) ,'Transition Challenges in Consumer Acculturation: Role Destabilization and Changes in Symbolic Consumption', in NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 26, eds. (acrwebsite.org)
  • In spite the great challenges in Sumatra, the emergency phase is rapidly shifting to recovery, rehabilitation and self-reliance. (who.int)
  • It is, therefore, imperative for the UN System to ensure that challenges facing the country are adequately supported to sustain the development momentum and ensure a smooth political transition. (who.int)
  • The interacting transition is described by C4 symmetry breaking. (aps.org)
  • The field profiles describing the decay do not have the typically assumed O(3)/O(4) symmetry, requiring an extension of the usual decay rate calculation. (caltech.edu)
  • While SC1 appears in a symmetry unbroken phase, quantum oscillation measurements show that the normal state of SC2 is nematic, breaking C3 symmetry. (virginia.edu)
  • Several materials exhibit superconducting phase transitions at low temperatures. (gsu.edu)
  • Phase transitions in high-performance materials. (materialstoday.com)
  • New high-performance materials for power devices, sensors and other applications will only be possible when materials scientists have a better understanding of how they can exploit phase transitions. (materialstoday.com)
  • To influence the structure of these materials through chemical or other means, we really need to know where the transition breaks down, and at what length scale that occurs. (materialstoday.com)
  • Beyond that, other applications include understanding changes of state in various materials (so-called 2nd order phase transitions). (polytechnique.edu)
  • Consequently, it describes the universal global properties of all possible band structures and materials. (virginia.edu)
  • Type I superconductors are well described by the BCS theory . (gsu.edu)
  • Similar to a two dimensional hologram which can depict a three dimensional object, a quantum field theory with two spatial dimensions can describe a physical situation in three spatial dimensions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The idea of QFTinAdS is not to study a theory of quantum gravitation, but a quantum field theory in AdS space, such as the quantum field theory used to describe proton collisions. (polytechnique.edu)
  • It can be shown that at the edge of this space, this theory is similar to another quantum field theory that describes, for example, critical exponents. (polytechnique.edu)
  • The objectives of Phase I are (1) to construct a proof-of-principle generator for operation at 125 kV, (2) to experimentally demonstrate that a uniform, high energy ion beam can be generated, and (3) to develop the conceptual design for a Phase II laboratory prototype DNG system. (nsf.gov)
  • 15. orally describe a phenomenon relevant to the course or results from laboratory and numerical projects in a popular scientific way. (lu.se)
  • We experimentally demonstrate such a phase transition in a quadratic OPO. (nature.com)
  • The overall objective of the proposed project (Phases I and II) is to demonstrate the feasibility of the DNG concept. (nsf.gov)
  • This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will demonstrate a new class of optical devices that will form the heart of a low-cost, versatile, field-usable environmental monitoring system to be developed in Phase II. (nsf.gov)
  • 1. describe and explain the laws of thermodynamics and their meaning. (lu.se)
  • 4. describe and explain the principle of equipartition and describe how quantum mechanics corrects its predictions of heat capacities. (lu.se)
  • S ∂2F CV = T = −T 2 (6) ∂T !V ∂T !V First and Second Order Phase Transitions Phase transitions are often associated with ordering. (docslib.org)
  • There are 2 basic types of phase transitions: first order and second order. (docslib.org)
  • Water-to-ice (or liquid-to-crystalline solid) is an example of a first order phase transition. (docslib.org)
  • We often associate an order parameter with a phase transition. (docslib.org)
  • Thus a first order phase transition is associated with a discontinous jump in the order parameter. (docslib.org)
  • The other type of phase transition is a second order phase transition. (docslib.org)
  • Bose conden- sation is an example of a second order phase transition. (docslib.org)
  • We also predict the occurrence of first-order spectral phase transitions in coupled OPOs. (nature.com)
  • The line separating the fully polarized from the partially polarized system represents a first-order transition. (ioffe.ru)
  • In this talk I will discuss how topological defects can seed first order phase transitions in the early universe, causing them to proceed much more rapidly than in the usual case. (caltech.edu)
  • It is exactly solvable for homogeneous DNA (with only one type of basepairs), and predicts a first-order phase transition. (mpg.de)
  • In most cases, polymer multifunctionality relies on mechanisms besides phase transition. (destechpub.com)
  • In these scenarios, the User Equipment (UE) connects to other nodes, e.g., in the Internet, and IPv6/IPv4 transition mechanisms are needed. (rfc-editor.org)
  • The transition mechanisms specified by the IETF Ngtrans and v6ops Working Groups shall be used. (rfc-editor.org)
  • This memo shall not specify any new transition mechanisms, but only documents the need for new ones (if appropriate). (rfc-editor.org)
  • Statistical mechanics describes physical systems with a huge number of particles. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • 14. develop, interpret and describe simple numerical experiments with statistical mechanics. (lu.se)
  • With this unique method, we could directly visualise for the first time how the transition spreads through the material. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Bifurcation means the splitting of a main body into two parts.Thus, the planetary fields and humanity are coming to experience the next phase of the planetary Ascension Cycle, which is the nature of Bifurcation of Time. (energeticsynthesis.com)
  • A field describes a quantity that varies in time and space. (polytechnique.edu)
  • AdS is the acronym for 'Anti de-Sitter', which describes a particular type of space-time geometry where the curvature is negative (Willem de Sitter was a Dutch physicist). (polytechnique.edu)
  • At the same time, the width and the integrated area of the DNA diffraction peak, describes the long-range genome ordering. (lu.se)
  • Reproductive stage includes the time from a woman's first menstrual period through the menopausal transition. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Phase transition marks a universal qualitative regime change in system properties as the control parameter is varied around a critical/transition point 26 . (nature.com)
  • This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project addresses the critical need for long-life neutron generator s for use in nondestructive evaluation and in situ testing. (nsf.gov)