• Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery , 26 (2), A51-A51. (rti.org)
  • Title : Ambient Size Distributions and Lung Deposition of Aerosol Dithiothreitol-Measured Oxidative Potential: Contrast between Soluble and Insoluble Particles Personal Author(s) : Fang, Ting;Zeng, Linghan;Gao, Dong;Verma, Vishal;Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.;Weber, Rodney J. (cdc.gov)
  • The Mobile Aerosol Lung Deposition Apparatus (MALDA) was employed to conduct aerosol respiratory deposition experiments in real-life settings to generate real-time data. (cdc.gov)
  • It is proposed therefore that lung/airway conditions may have important effects on aerosol deposition within the throat. (asme.org)
  • Deposition of Sulfate Acid Aerosols in the Developing Human Lung. (epa.gov)
  • Effect of nebulised aerosol size on lung deposition in patients with mild asthma. (bmj.com)
  • Lung deposition of manufactured nanoparticles with well-defined properties can also be used for the diagnosis of disease. (lu.se)
  • We study the effects on lung cell cultures using e. g. the NACIVT system and the array of characterization instruments of the aerosol lab in close collaboration with Occupational and Environmental Medicine and Lund Bioengineering and Regeneration. (lu.se)
  • This means that wet deposition is gravitational, Brownian and/or turbulent coagulation with water droplets. (wikipedia.org)
  • This happens when falling rain droplets or snow particles collide with aerosol particles through Brownian diffusion, interception, impaction and turbulent diffusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is where aerosol particles get into cloud droplets or cloud ice crystals through working as cloud nuclei, or being captured by them through collision. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within aerosol computer models aerosols and cloud droplets are mostly treated separately so that nucleation represents a loss process that has to be parametrised. (wikipedia.org)
  • This unique aerosol printing technology combines hydrodynamic and aerodynamic focusing of aerosol droplets to print lines with exceptional edge quality down to 10um in width. (nextflex.us)
  • In theory, influenza viruses can be transmitted through aerosols, large droplets, or direct contact with secretions (or fomites). (cdc.gov)
  • two air changes per hour) with no air spread by exposure to droplets and aerosols of respiratory fluids recirculation. (cdc.gov)
  • Planar gamma scintigraphy-points to consider when quantifying pulmonary dry powder aerosol deposition. (lu.se)
  • We observe enhancement in deposition of spherical particles with diameters of 2.5-10μm as the inhalation flow rate is increased (15,30 and 60 lt/min) due to inertial impaction in regions with high curvature. (atlasofscience.org)
  • Particle deposition in a realistic geometry of the human conducting airways: Effects of inlet velocity profile, inhalation flowrate and electrostatic charge. (atlasofscience.org)
  • and influenza virus are often caused by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on a conditional assumption that transmission during this outbreak was by inhalation of respiratory aerosol, we use the available evidence to infer the emission rate of airborne infectious quanta from the primary source. (medrxiv.org)
  • The machine presented here utilizes a rapid closed-loop control algorithm coded in Labview® to generate smoke aerosols for toxicological assessment and inhalation studies. (who.int)
  • Particle size-dependent total mass deposition in lungs determines inhalation toxicity of cadmium chloride aerosols in rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • In gravitational deposition, this velocity is the settling velocity due to the gravity-induced drag. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inertial Impaction and Gravitational Deposition of Aerosols in Curved Tubes and Airway Bifurcations. (epa.gov)
  • In the physics of aerosols, deposition is the process by which aerosol particles collect or deposit themselves on solid surfaces, decreasing the concentration of the particles in the air. (wikipedia.org)
  • Geochemical evidence, including strong correlations (r 2 ≥ 0.94) between Ca 2+ , alkalinity, and dust concentrations in snow deposited during dust events, indicate that carbonate minerals in dust impart a strong chemical signature that can be used to track dust deposition to snow. (usgs.gov)
  • Some aspects of the chemical reactions proceeding during the aerosol deposition and in the thallination step are discussed on the basis of thermogravimetric measurements. (uni-linz.ac.at)
  • Thermochromic vanadium dioxide thin films were deposited via aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition from a precursor solution of vanadyl acetylacetonate in ethanol at 525 °C on to fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass substrates. (swan.ac.uk)
  • Methods: The chemical constituent analysis was conducted to detect Nicotine and flavoring agents in e-cigarette aerosol. (cdc.gov)
  • Because combustion chemistry is highly non-linear, representing real smoking behavior with a smoothed periodic waveform may result in a tobacco smoke aerosol with a significantly different chemical composition and physical properties than that generated by a smoker. (who.int)
  • Supports model development by laboratory-based experimental studies, aiming at improved model descriptions of key aerosol and cloud processes, such as SOA formation via BVOC oxidation, and SOA aging and associated changes in chemical and physical properties. (lu.se)
  • Microbial viability of smoke aerosols based on formazan production and epifluorescent microscopy revealed no significant difference in the viable fraction (~80%) when compared to samples of ambient air. (nature.com)
  • It was found that the periodic puffing regimen yielded 20% less carbon monoxide (CO) than the played-back smoking session, indicating that steady periodic smoking regimens, which are widely used in tobacco smoke research, may not produce realistic smoke aerosols. (who.int)
  • From these data, we estimate each fire aerosolized an average of 7 ± 4 × 10 9 cells and 2 ± 1 × 10 8 biological INPs per m 2 burned and conclude that emissions from wildland fire are sources of viable microbial aerosols to the atmosphere. (nature.com)
  • The agriculture sector accounted for 94% of all reduced nitrogen deposition in EU-27 Member States, from which about 72% of emissions came from livestock in 2021. (europa.eu)
  • The annual mean BC burden and surface deposition in the entire HTP region is contributed the most by biomass burning and biofuel (BB) emissions in South Asia, followed by fossil fuel (FF) emissions from South Asia and then the FF from East Asia. (confex.com)
  • Aerosol emissions were estimated to deposit in the pulmonary region of e-cigarette user (4144%), which could have toxicological importance. (cdc.gov)
  • Depending on the deposition method and particle size, calculations confirmed experimentally enable the reference time of the deposition of a dust cloud to be established. (aaqr.org)
  • The dry deposition velocities are calculated as a function of particle size, density, friction velocity, and surface characteristics and they include the contributions of turbulent transfer, Brownian diffusion, impaction, interception, gravitational settling, and particle rebound [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Generally, the dry deposition velocity decreases with an increasing of particle size for particle smaller than 0.1 μ m and increases with particle size for particles larger than 2 μ m [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Deposition by impaction increases with particle size and by decreasing of wind speed, and it is also strongly influenced by surface structure [ 24 , 25 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 2019. Aerosol concentration, deposition, particle size, and exposure interval as mortality factors Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). (usda.gov)
  • Understanding the multitude of factors that control pulmonary deposition is important in assessing the toxic or therapeutic effects of inhaled aerosol particles. (atlasofscience.org)
  • The behavior of inhaled H2SO4 particles subsequent to water vapor uptake significantly influences their total deposition values and relative spatial distribution patterns within tracheobronchial and pulmonary airways. (epa.gov)
  • The applicability of simple pipe bend models, and their appropriate limits, are examined for the deposition of aerosols in human tracheobronchial bifurcations. (epa.gov)
  • Two participant simulators (participant receivers) cleaners in classrooms could reduce overall aerosol particle con- similar in design to the respiratory aerosol source simulator centrations by 80% within 30 minutes ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Deposition velocity is defined from F = vc, where F is flux density, v is deposition velocity and c is concentration. (wikipedia.org)
  • The prediction skill of the regional aerosol-climate model REMO-HAM was assessed against the black carbon (BC) concentration measurements from five locations in Finland, with focus on Hyytiälä station for the year 2005. (hereon.de)
  • We measured annealing temperature and the Zr-to-Ti concentration ratio dependence of the electro-optic (EO) effect for highly transparent Pb(Zr 1-x Ti x )O 3 [PZT] films more than 1 μm thick, directly deposited on glass substrates by aerosol deposition (AD). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Any medication that has a high ionic concentration, for instance hypertonic saline solutions, if permitted to dry on the Aerogen Vibronic aerosol generator in the nebuliser chamber, may form visible crystals. (aerogen.com)
  • Without the HEPA air cleaners, universal either with all simulators unmasked or all simulators masked masking reduced the combined mean aerosol concentration (universal masking). (cdc.gov)
  • Bryophytes (mosses) have long been used to determine the concentration of heavy metals as an alternative to the collection of atmospheric aerosols. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: For e-cigarette aerosol in the ultrafine particle regime, the deposited doses in the alveolar region were on average 3.2 times higher than those in the head-to-TB airways, and the deposited dose in the passive vaper's airways increased when being closer to the active vaper. (cdc.gov)
  • In vivo studies of aerosol deposition in the human lungs are limited by concerns over human safety and by resolution limitations of current imaging technologies. (atlasofscience.org)
  • Objectives: To determine the regional deposition of particulate matter in human lungs for a variety of steady-state engine operating conditions, fuel formulations and combinations of after treatment devices, and to characterize the size, distribution an. (cdc.gov)
  • Aerosol particles are used within nanotechnology (for instance solar cells), in health care (for instance the Turbuhaler®), but also have adverse health effects during deposition in our lungs and affect climate through the reflection and absorption of solar light and through cloud formation. (lu.se)
  • The purpose of this study is to describe and compare new deposition methods for such aerosols by means of external fields: an acoustic wind, an electrostatic field, and specially atomized powder. (aaqr.org)
  • The results of the pilot and theoretical study of the acoustic and electrostatic deposition of fine aerosols are presented in this article. (aaqr.org)
  • Recommendations are provided about the use of ultrasound sources, electrostatic precipitators, water aerosol sprays, and electrostatic spray guns for the optimum removal of dust from air in the workplace, taking into account dust particle sizes. (aaqr.org)
  • Another outcome of our study is that smallest particles (0.1μm) have the highest deposition fractions in the mouth-throat when there is electrostatic charge above 250e. (atlasofscience.org)
  • Dry deposition is caused by: Impaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dry deposition is the transfer of airborne dust particles to the surface through different mechanical processes, mainly Brownian diffusion, interception, inertial impaction, and sedimentation [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Dry deposition is caused by impaction when an aerosol particle transported by the flow towards an obstacle cannot, when its inertia is too large, follow the flow deviation in the vicinity of the obstacle. (hindawi.com)
  • The relative contributions of the inertial impaction and sedimentation mechanisms to total (i.e., simultaneous) deposition are studied. (epa.gov)
  • Computations of aerosol deposition as affected by (1) aerosol hygroscopicity, (2) human age, and (3) respiratory intensity are accomplished using a validated mathematical model. (epa.gov)
  • Experiments were conducted to determine the optical scattering properties of diesel particulate matter (DPM) and various combustion aerosols from both flaming and smoldering combustion sources at discrete angles of 151 and 301 in the forward direction. (cdc.gov)
  • The r c of PbZr 0.6 T 0.4 O 3 films increased with annealing temperature, and the film annealed at 850°C showed an r c of 168 pm/V. The EO measurements show that AD is a highly promising film-deposition method for optical devices such as EO modulators and optical switches. (elsevierpure.com)
  • His research interest include grain dust flammability/explosibility, grain dust monitoring and control, wheat hardness testing, single kernel characterization of weight, hardness, and moisture, seed sorting instrumentation and methods, and aerosol measurements and characterization. (usda.gov)
  • Contributes with advanced climate-relevant aerosol measurements at various field sites as well as in laboratories, and process modelling in order to develop an validate parameterizations linking the carbon cycle to aerosol - cloud - climate interactions. (lu.se)
  • It can be divided into two sub-processes: dry and wet deposition. (wikipedia.org)
  • The environmental sources of microbial aerosols and processes by which they are emitted into the atmosphere are not well characterized. (nature.com)
  • This particular case was chosen based on the strong dry removal that occurred, rendering it ideal for examining the deposition processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Nitrogen deposition is mainly caused by ammonia (NH 3 ) from agricultural activities and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) from combustion processes. (europa.eu)
  • The median diameters at which particles exhibit aerosol behavior also correspond to the sizes at which they are efficiently deposited in the lower respiratory tract when inhaled. (cdc.gov)
  • Modeled dosimetry and calculated mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) were used to estimate regional, total respiratory deposition of the inhaled aerosol and exhaled fractions that could pose secondhand exposure risk. (cdc.gov)
  • The proposed mathematical model of aerosol coagulation is based on the integral version of the Smoluchowski equation with the type of kernel depending on the types of external influence. (aaqr.org)
  • 2020. Spray characterization of aerosol delivery systems for use in stored product facilities. (usda.gov)
  • Mechanisms for deposition are most effective for either very small or very large particles. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the present work, the dry deposition mechanisms of mineral dust are analysed during an event on the 3 March 2004 over the Northwest African coast. (hindawi.com)
  • Different types of wet deposition include: Below-cloud scavenging. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rate of deposition, or the deposition velocity, is slowest for particles of an intermediate size. (wikipedia.org)
  • By definition, aerosols are suspensions in air (or in a gas) of solid or liquid particles, small enough that they remain airborne for prolonged periods because of their low settling velocity. (cdc.gov)
  • Concerning the large silt and sand particles gravitational settling becomes much more important and deposition velocity increases with an increasing of particle diameter. (hindawi.com)
  • While climate networks provide data that can be used to evaluate the effect of warming on snowpack resources, there are no established regional networks for monitoring aeolian dust deposition to snow. (usgs.gov)
  • A considerable amount of investigative efforts, both experimental and numerical, have afforded us a satisfactory level of understanding of general trends in deposition efficiencies. (atlasofscience.org)
  • The speaker simulator the effectiveness of portable HEPA air cleaners and universal (speaker receiver) was a commercial simulator (Warwick masking at reducing exposure to exhaled aerosol particles, the Technologies Ltd.) that breathed at 28 L/min. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings suggest that portable HEPA to determine the exposure of each receiver simulator to aero- air cleaners can reduce exposure to SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in sol particles. (cdc.gov)
  • When the simulators were masked, the particle indoor environments, with greater reductions in exposure counters collected aerosol samples from inside the masks (i.e., occurring when used in combination with universal masking. (cdc.gov)
  • Works with landscape variation in ozone and ozone exposure in relation to local climate and ozone deposition, and studies ecophysiological aspects of vegetation interaction with the atmosphere, including the responses and long-term acclimation to climate, elevated CO 2 and elevated O 3 concentrations. (lu.se)
  • Return to Start page for Atmospheric Chemistry and Aerosol Names PLEASE DO NOT USE THE NAVIGATION BAR ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE! (esipfed.org)
  • The proposed standard_names listed below are based on the ideas provided at Construction of Atmospheric Chemistry and Aerosol Terms and Future Standard_Names . (esipfed.org)
  • Focuses in MERGE on aerosol and in the context relevant atmospheric chemistry modelling (tropospheric ozone), using the EMEP model as a stepping stone to introducing new parameterizations in regional and over time global climate models. (lu.se)
  • Aerosol deposition method is a method to fabricate ceramic membranes, in which aerosol, or a mixture of fine ceramic particles with a diameter of around 1 micrometer and gas, is sprayed on a substance at a speed of around 150 to 400 m/sec to form membranes on it. (hitachi.com)
  • The development of new deposition methods for dust particles with a diameter less than 10 microns is particularly difficult. (aaqr.org)
  • The deposition of aqueous aerosols of nitrates led to precursor films with a thickness of 3 - 5 mm. (uni-linz.ac.at)
  • Puff Bar, one of the latest designs of e-cigarettes, heats a mixture of liquid using a battery-powered coil at certain temperatures to emit aerosol. (cdc.gov)
  • Deposition was highest in Belgium, parts of France, northern Germany, northern Italy, the Netherlands and Poland (see 2023 EMEP Report ). (europa.eu)
  • Using a multivariate modeling approach, we determined that increases in dust deposition and decreases in springtime snowfall combined to accelerate snowmelt timing in the southern Rockies by approximately 7-18 days between 1993 and 2014. (usgs.gov)
  • In this study, we test the hypothesis that chemistry of snow, wet deposition, and aerosols can be used as a surrogate for dust deposition to snow. (usgs.gov)
  • Spatial patterns in chemistry of snow, wet deposition, and aerosols indicate that dust deposition increases from north to south in the Rocky Mountains, and temporal trends indicate that winter/spring dust deposition increased by 81% in the southern Rockies during 1993-2014. (usgs.gov)
  • The differential distributions of deposition along the length of the tubes are examined. (epa.gov)
  • The simulation of synoptic conditions and dry deposition of four dust particles including clay, small silt, large silt, and sand was performed with Eta model, coupled with a desert dust cycle module. (hindawi.com)
  • Aerosol particles are not necessarily spherical, but can have a complex shape, surface structure and morphology (see image below). (lu.se)
  • In contrast, the aerosol deposition method can form membranes at room temperature, as it makes particles collide against a substance at a high speed and the resulting collision energy is used to form the membranes. (hitachi.com)
  • Therefore, it is to be expected that dense NaSICON solid electrolytes can be deposited with high deposition rates cost effectively by utilizing this method in contrast to conventional methods that require a final sintering step. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • Although it is a relatively slow process, since it is controlled by what are termed self-limiting surface reactions it is capable of highly conformal deposition that follows the often complex contours of the substrate resulting in a layer which is extremely uniform in thickness. (tyndall.ie)
  • There is a critical size in the 0.2-0.4 micrometer range: For larger particles the influence of hygroscopicity is to increase total deposition, whereas for smaller particles the opposite occurs. (epa.gov)
  • Dry deposition also occurs via interception when particles of small inertia, which perfectly follow the streamlines of the mean flow field, pass in the vicinity of an obstacle and are held back because the distance between the particle centre and the surface is smaller than its radius [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cumulative black carbon deposition fluxes over Finland were estimated, including the deposition on snow. (hereon.de)
  • We then analyze spatial patterns and temporal trends in inferred springtime dust deposition to snow across the Rocky Mountains, USA, for 1993-2014. (usgs.gov)
  • A potential difference was applied between the top plate and substrate during the deposition to generate an electric field with a positive bias applied to the substrate. (swan.ac.uk)
  • Details of the airflow patterns, such as cross stream vortices and turbulent features, as well as deposition hot spots can be identified and correlated to the several parameters that describe the problem. (atlasofscience.org)
  • Atomic layer deposition or ALD is a method which does exactly what it says, depositing materials essentially one atomic layer or less at a time. (tyndall.ie)
  • As a consequence of this opinion, protection against infectious aerosols is often ignored for influenza, including in the context of influenza pandemic preparedness. (cdc.gov)
  • Can we distinguish between natural and man-made climate change, and how much of the current climate change is due to greenhouse gases (GHGs) versus other components affecting climate (aerosol particles etc)? (lu.se)
  • INES contributes to vegetation/ecosystem/land use modelling (LPJ-GUESS) and coupling with climate models, as well as efforts on aerosols with biospheric sources. (lu.se)
  • Aerosol printing technologies are emerging a preferred method to create high resolution features and to print electronic features over non-planar surfaces for commercial applications. (nextflex.us)
  • Through this development, IDS was able to significantly reduce the cost of ownership for aerosol printing to allow a broader market to now purchase and use aerosol printing. (nextflex.us)
  • The presence of some metals such as Al, Fe, Co, and Mn, in dust may significantly modify the marine biochemistry and may change the phytoplankton communities resulting in fast growth rates leading to blooms [ 8 ], after deposition to Ocean waters [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • One of the targets of the European Commission's zero pollution action plan is to reduce the area of ecosystems in the EU at risk of eutrophication caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition by 25% by 2030, compared with 2005. (europa.eu)
  • The quantitative assessment of nitrogen deposition on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is estimated as critical loads. (europa.eu)
  • ZPAP's target 3 sets a clear objective to reduce the area of ecosystems where nitrogen deposition exceeds critical loads by 25% by the year 2030, compared to the levels in 2005. (europa.eu)