Glutathione depletionOxidative damageMitochondrial damageOxidationProteinsReactiveCellularAntioxidantsLactate dehydrogenaseEnzymesMalondialdehydeIntracellularSignificantlyPreventionDegradationProteinInhibitionFerroptosisSilymarinIncreaseImpairsMetabolismSusceptibleFreeMembrane damageChronicInfiltrationProtectsInflammatoryLungKidneyMarkersCell membranesTissue damageDegenerationHepatocyteCholesterolConcentrationsMustardVitaminLiver damageUltimatelyIncreasesProductionBiologicalCellsProtectionIneffectiveActivity
Glutathione depletion3
- Lung injury induced by phosgene and mustard appears to be mediated by glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation, free radical generation, and subsequent cellular toxicity. (bmj.com)
- Silybin Dihemisuccinate protects against glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation induced by acetaminophen on rat liver. (naturalnews.com)
- Glutathione depletion and a glutathione-rich state were produced by intraperitoneal administration of a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, buthionine sulfoximine (3 mmol/kg), and by administration of glutathione monoethyl ester (10 mmol/kg), respectively. (eurekamag.com)
Oxidative damage4
- Studies show that taurine supplementation increases total thiol content and decreases muscle soreness, lactate dehydrogenase level, creatine kinase activity, and oxidative damage (7). (ac.ir)
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, oxidative damage to macromolecules (e.g. (keycharacteristics.org)
- Because free-radical-mediated peroxidation of membrane lipids and oxidative damage of DNA and proteins are believed to be associated with a variety of chronic pathological complications such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, curcumin is thought to play a vital role against these pathological conditions. (integratedhealthblog.com)
- Oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (generated by free globin chains and labile plasma iron) is believed to be one of the main contributors to cell injury, tissue damage, and hypercoagulability in patients with thalassemia. (hindawi.com)
Mitochondrial damage3
- This manifests as lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial damage, and glutathione (an endogenous antioxidant) depletion. (wikipedia.org)
- While anaerobic processes were increased, aerobic metabolism was decreased in the E- vs. E+ larvae, indicating mitochondrial damage. (oregonstate.edu)
- The first one is chronic hypoxia resulting from chronic anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis leading to mitochondrial damage and the second is iron overload also due to chronic anemia and tissue hypoxia leading to increase intestinal iron absorption in thalassemic patients. (hindawi.com)
Oxidation3
- It has been known for many decades that oxidative stress leads to oxidation of hemoglobin and damage to the erythrocyte membrane. (unisi.it)
- The two metals produced brain oxidative stress and damage with marked increases in the indicators of oxidative processes: in vivo brain surface chemiluminescence (the sensitive organ non-invasive assay for oxidative free radical reactions), and the ex vivo processes of phospholipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. (bvsalud.org)
- Lipids are susceptible targets of oxidation because of their molecular structure, which is abundant with reactive double bonds. (ac.ir)
Proteins5
- Phase II is a crucial step- if molecules from Phase I are not fully metabolized by Phase II conjugation, they may cause free radical damage to proteins, RNA and DNA within the cell. (healthheroshop.com)
- More recently, the factors involved in denaturating of membrane proteins and lipid peroxidation have been investigated in detail, as well as the mechanism of reactive oxygen species formation in red cells. (unisi.it)
- Denaturating of membrane proteins generally precedes lipid peroxidation and consequent phagocytosis due to caspase activation. (unisi.it)
- Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids (including phospholipids) are molecules that excessive ROS can modify. (ac.ir)
- 1992). These oxygen free radicals can modify DNA, proteins and membrane lipids, leading to cellular degeneration (Olanow, 1992). (scialert.net)
Reactive5
- Acetaldehyde forms reactive oxygen species in the liver as well as acting as a DNA adduct (binding to DNA) leading to direct hepatocyte damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Extensive investigations demonstrated the key role of oxidative stress and iron release in a reactive form causing membrane protein damage via the Fenton reaction and hydroxyl radical production. (unisi.it)
- Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through different pathways, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell death. (nature.com)
- In 2012, Dixon 1 first proposed the concept of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic mode of cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). (nature.com)
- say their results suggest that 'CO 2 enrichment could reduce oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species to P. subcordiformis , and reduce the lipid peroxidation damage of UV-B to P. subcordiformis . (mitosyfraudes.org)
Cellular7
- Reduced levels of muscular SeGPx resulted in an increase in cellular damage after continuous exercise in animal research, confirming the idea that muscle damage caused by free radicals induces muscle tiredness. (gilmorehealth.com)
- 2002) which leads to cellular and tissue damage (Tkaczyk andVizek, 2007). (ijcrr.com)
- Cadmium has been a focal point in the health care community in the past few years because it has been shown to induce the development of tumors, interfere with cellular signaling, and cause damage to organs, tissues, and biomolecules. (wmich.edu)
- Over the last few decades, it has been studied that the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced kidney damage are complex and involved numerous cellular and molecular processes including inflammation, apoptosis, accumulation of cisplatin in renal tubular cells via renal drug transporters, Ctr1 and OCT2, and involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways [ 3 ] [ 4 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
- 8 ] demonstrated that severe gastric lesions after ethanol consumption may be due to overproduction of oxygen free radicals (ROS), especially superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxides which ultimately resulting in the decrease in cellular antioxidant levels. (springeropen.com)
- There was increased production of ROI along with depletion of cellular and mitochondrial glutathione in the liver after lipopolysaccharide administration. (eurekamag.com)
- Glutathione may have an important role in cellular defenses against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver damage in mice, and excessive oxidative stress may precipitate the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition in hepatocytes and lead to cell death. (eurekamag.com)
Antioxidants3
- antioxidants such as vitamins C and E offer defense against the oxidative stress brought on by inflammation and the associated free radicals, unstable molecules that can damage the body's cells. (innovitaresearch.com)
- Single-wall nanotube has been found to cause other oxidative stresses such as free radical formation and depletion of antioxidants in cells. (edu.hk)
- To investigate the involvement of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidants CAT, SOD, and GPX and MPO and NO were evaluated. (boswellia.org)
Lactate dehydrogenase1
- In the presence of cadmium, increases in the cytotoxic parameters, lactate dehydrogenase leakage and lipid peroxidation, were observed indicating the presence of oxidative stress. (wmich.edu)
Enzymes3
- Rutin prevents experimental selenite-induced cataractogenesis in rat pups, possibly by preventing depletion of antioxidant enzymes and of GSH, and by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. (molvis.org)
- The blood glucose level, liver function enzymes, total protein, lipid, and cholesterol levels were significantly normalized by extract treatment. (hindawi.com)
- These results indicated that MAP in combination with low temperature storage reduced lignification of minimally processed WBS, which was closely associated with maintenance of energy status and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as reduced alleviation of membrane damage caused by ROS. (biomedcentral.com)
Malondialdehyde2
- ROS have been shown to impair protein synthesis by preventing mRNA translation [14, 15, 16, 17,18].Acute heat-stressed broiler chickens had a 2-fold increase in malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation, in skeletal muscle [19]. (ijcrr.com)
- One of the most known lipid peroxidation markers is malondialdehyde (MDA) (8) , an organic compound with the nominal formula CH 2 (CHO) 2 . (ac.ir)
Intracellular1
- After 24 h of exposure to different doses (4-32 μg/mL) of BP-QDs, intracellular lipid peroxidation and iron overload occurred in Beas-2B cells. (medworm.com)
Significantly3
- 0.0001) and significantly increased lipid peroxidation. (oregonstate.edu)
- 0.05) increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the liver, kidney and gills while catalase activity was significantly decreased in the same tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
- The results showed that pretreatment with boswellic acids significantly reduced urothelial damage which was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of MDA, CPO, and NO levels and prevention of the depletion of CAT, SOD, and GPX. (boswellia.org)
Prevention5
- Even though various treatment strategies namely saline hydration and diuresis have been suggested for prevention of cisplatin-induced kidney damage, but its prevalence is still high. (thieme-connect.com)
- Gastric ulcer, the most common gastrointestinal disease, is characterized by severe gastric mucosa damage, and its prevention is currently one of the main goals of clinical and experimental studies. (springeropen.com)
- Possible mechanisms for these effects are discussed, in any case the present results indicate that PARP inhibition has an overall beneficial effect against myocardial reperfusion injury, mainly due to prevention of energy depletion. (unifi.it)
- Therapeutic mainstays are prevention, avoidance of further kidney damage, treatment of underlying conditions, and aggressive treatment of complications (see Treatment and Medication ). (medscape.com)
- Pretreatment with T. terrestris resulted in the increased activities of SOD, CAT, GSHPx and prevention of depletion of tissue glutathione along with inhibition of lipid peroxidation. (scialert.net)
Degradation1
- Oxidative degradation of lipids by ROS is known as lipid peroxidation. (ac.ir)
Protein2
- End-product of lipid peroxidation, acts as a heat shock protein (hsp) inducer [20]. (ijcrr.com)
- The membrane lipid changes and the associated production of signalling metabolites clearly have a pivotal function to modify the heat stress response [27].In addition, dietary protein level is also known to have profound influence on antioxidant system and membrane composition and stability[28]. (ijcrr.com)
Inhibition1
- PARP inhibition also caused a reduced release of the cardiospecific damage markers and attenuated morphological cardiomyocyte alterations, save that, in this condition, we noted the appearance of typical apoptotic markers: activation of caspase-3, oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, ISEL positive nuclei. (unifi.it)
Ferroptosis3
- In summary, findings in the present study confirmed that BP-QDs induce ferroptosis via increasing lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in vitro and in vivo.PMID:3748. (medworm.com)
- Existing studies have confirmed that ferroptosis involves the metabolisms of the Fe, lipids, amino acid, each mechanism is mutually independent but interrelated, and they are formed a complex regulatory network. (frontiersin.org)
- Is iron necessary to promote the production of lipid peroxides, or can other substances take the place of iron in ferroptosis? (nature.com)
Silymarin1
- Silymarin protects against its toxic principle α-amanitin by preventing its uptake through hepatocyte membranes and inhibiting the effects of tumour necrosis factor-α, which exacerbates lipid peroxidation. (springer.com)
Increase2
- A significant increase in lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), indicating infiltration of neutrophils into the skin, was observed following SSL irradiation. (cdc.gov)
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and tissue antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH) along with a concomitant increase in the lipid peroxidation product malonaldehyde (MDA). (scialert.net)
Impairs2
- Findings published in Redox Biology suggest the type of eating that leads to metabolic syndrome can prompt imbalances in the gut microbiome, with impaired gut function contributing to toxins in the bloodstream, resulting in vitamin C depletion, which subsequently impairs the trafficking of vitamin E. (innovitaresearch.com)
- Ultraviolet radiation directly damages DNA and impairs normal skin cell functions by generating enormous bursts of free-radical activity. (lifeextension.com)
Metabolism1
- Energy plays a pivotal role in maintenance of membrane integrity and lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Susceptible1
Free2
- We hypothesized that UV-light exposure results in the formation of free radicals, which causes antioxidant depletion, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. (cdc.gov)
- it's the process by which free radicals try to stabilize themselves by stealing electrons from cell membranes, causing damage to the cell. (innovitaresearch.com)
Membrane damage2
- The depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leads to membrane damage and reduces lipid synthesis [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2002). However, during aging an oxidant challenge exceeds the capacity of the cell s defense system, membrane damage may occur. (scialert.net)
Chronic1
- Brain decreased GSH content has a central role in the biochemical oxidative processes associated with Fe and Cu chronic damage. (bvsalud.org)
Infiltration1
- Additional research shows that this special fern decreases the infiltration of damaging inflammatory cells in skin 12,14 and increases survival of healthy skin cells. (lifeextension.com)
Protects2
- Vitamin C actually protects vitamin E, so when you have lipid peroxidation, vitamin E is used up and vitamin C can regenerate it," Traber said. (innovitaresearch.com)
- Scientists have discovered an orally ingested nutrient that protects the skin against DNA damage from harmful solar radiation. (lifeextension.com)
Inflammatory7
- Many of these pathogenic bacteria also contain Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), extracellular motifs that are recognized by the immune system as foreign material, which may lead to an exaggerated inflammatory response in the liver which further leads to hepatocyte damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Damaged hepatocytes release Danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which are molecules that lead to further activation of the immune system's inflammatory response and further hepatocyte damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Conclusions These data indicate that curcumin has nephroprotective properties against cisplatin-induced kidney damage in rats and this effect is associated with its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis profiles, in addition to its antioxidant. (thieme-connect.com)
- However, the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of curcumin in the cisplatin-induced kidney damage have not been explored. (thieme-connect.com)
- Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of curcumin in cisplatin-induced kidney damage. (thieme-connect.com)
- The damage of gastric mucosa is mainly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori as well as the long period to the steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) administration and alcohol abuse [ 4 ]. (springeropen.com)
- We conclude that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Boswellia could be beneficial in ameliorating kidney and liver damage after AKI and that TLR9 might be the connection that signals liver injury in response to renal damage. (boswellia.org)
Lung2
- Iron overload, glutathione (GSH) depletion and lipid peroxidation in the lung tissue of mice in the exposure group. (medworm.com)
- There is limited evidence to suggest that repletion of glutathione reduces and/or prevents lung damage by these agents. (bmj.com)
Kidney7
- Objective In addition to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis have an important role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced kidney damage. (thieme-connect.com)
- Histopathological examination furthers confirmed the kidney damage protection effect of curcumin. (thieme-connect.com)
- Hence, curcumin may be useful for preventing kidney damage against cisplatin administration. (thieme-connect.com)
- However, it has many severe side effects that limit the therapeutic use of cisplatin, one of them is kidney damage [ 1 ] [ 2 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
- In fact, the prevalence of cisplatin-induced kidney damage was 34% after fourth cycles and 52% after six cycles of cisplatin chemotherapy in adult cancer patients treated with cisplatin at a dose of ≥60 mg/m 2 at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia [ 6 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
- This study aims to explore the role of standardized Boswellia serrata (containing 35 % boswellic acid) in attenuating kidney and liver damage in a model of rats with renal insult. (boswellia.org)
- Histopathological assessment of kidney and liver confirmed that Boswellia decreased damage severity. (boswellia.org)
Markers1
Cell membranes1
- Vitamin E is lipid-soluble and tocopheroxyl radical is generated in the cell membranes as a result of its antioxidant activity. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Tissue damage1
- Boswellic Acids, Pentacyclic Triterpenes, Attenuate Oxidative Stress, and Bladder Tissue Damage in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis. (boswellia.org)
Degeneration1
- Here, we used the σR1-knockout mouse ( Sigmar1 −/− ) to demonstrate unambiguously the role of the σR1 in protecting the retinal ganglion cells against degeneration after acute damage to the optic nerve. (molvis.org)
Hepatocyte3
- The pathological mechanisms in alcoholic hepatitis are incompletely understood but a combination of direct hepatocyte damage by alcohol and its metabolites in addition to increased intestinal permeability are thought to play a role. (wikipedia.org)
- This leads to increased intestinal permeability which then leads to pathogenic gut bacteria (such as enterococcus faecalis) or immunogenic fungi entering the portal circulation, and travelling to the liver where they cause hepatocyte damage. (wikipedia.org)
- This in turn causes depletion of macrophage iron, relatively low levels of serum ferritin, and preferential portal and hepatocyte iron loading [ 13 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cholesterol1
- Membrane cholesterol contents modify the protective power of flavonoids against oxidative stress in erythrocytes [21].The antioxidant power of flavonoids, in turn depend on the depletion or incorporation of cholesterol in the erythrocyte membrane [22]. (ijcrr.com)
Concentrations2
- Depletion of ATP and activation of AMP deaminase are related to calcium ion concentrations. (unisi.it)
- Finally, the nasal lesions associated with exposure to high concentrations of MeI in rats are best supported by a mode of action that involves glutathione (GSH) depletion in the nasal epithelial tissue. (cdc.gov)
Mustard1
- Mustard agents are alkylating compounds that cause damage to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. (medscape.com)
Vitamin1
- Vitamin E has been proven to have antioxidant and moisturizing properties in the skin and can protect against the damage of UVB radiation, with emphasis on the reduction of acute erythema and photoaging. (intechopen.com)
Liver damage1
- Milk Thistle Extract helps prevent liver damage from hepatotoxins, including acetaminophen. (naturalnews.com)
Ultimately1
- The gastric ulcer is characterized by chronically inflamed lesions of the mucosal epithelium as a result of excess secretion of gastric acid as well as aggressive pepsin activity and ultimately, leading to severe gastric mucosal damage [ 3 ]. (springeropen.com)
Increases1
- Heavy alcohol consumption increases intestinal permeability by causing direct damage to enterocytes (intestinal absorptive cells) and causing disruptions of tight junctions that form a barrier between the enterocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Production2
- The production of pyrimidine dimmers seen after exposure is indicative of DNA damage occurring as a result of the direct action of SSL on DNA. (cdc.gov)
- They also report that elevated UV-B significan-tly increased the production of the toxic superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, as well as malo-nyldialdehyde, which is an end product of lipid peroxidation, whereas elevated CO 2 did just the opposite. (mitosyfraudes.org)
Biological1
- This kind of oxidative stress is usually a first sign of biological damage. (edu.hk)
Cells5
- In the case of enterococcus faecalis, the bacterium can release an exotoxin which is directly damaging to liver cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Alcohol is also directly damaging to liver cells. (wikipedia.org)
- By comparing with previous studies, we speculate that primary cells generally are more sensitive to BP-QDs-induced damage than cancer cells. (medworm.com)
- The liver is one of the only organs in the body that is able to replace damaged tissue with new cells rather than scar tissue. (jonbarron.org)
- Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant that might help protect cells from damage. (medlineplus.gov)
Protection2
- As you will read, an orally ingested plant extract has been discovered to confer remarkable protection against sunburn and solar ray skin cell damage. (lifeextension.com)
- Supported by extensive research, this new oral supplement offers convenient protection against ultraviolet light damage to the largest organ of the body… our skin! (lifeextension.com)
Ineffective1
- The reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that occurs from ischemic injury is a result not only of reduced filtration due to hypoperfusion but also of casts and debris obstructing the tubule lumen, causing back-leak of filtrate through the damaged epithelium (ie, ineffective filtration). (medscape.com)
Activity2
- Oral Polypodium leucotomos supplements, taken in doses of 500-750 mg/day, have been shown to protect human skin from sunburn, cell death, DNA damage, and oxidant activity from both natural and artificial ultraviolet light. (lifeextension.com)
- These latter allow irreversible damages triggered during the ischemic phase to proceed towards apoptosis instead of towards necrosis, as it appears to happen when the energetic pools are depleted by high PARP activity. (unifi.it)