• However, even in the more common and usually slowly progressive dementias such as Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies and other degenerative dementias, as well as vascular dementia, establishment and progression of the disease is occasionally surprisingly accelerated, leading to a clinical presentation of RPD. (touchneurology.com)
  • This article primarily addresses the clinical use of EEG in the evaluation of dementias and encephalopathies. (medscape.com)
  • Because the EEG patterns in most dementias and encephalopathies demonstrate few specific features, they are discussed together. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, CJD has been found to be the most prevalent cause in referral centres for spongiform encephalopathies, while secondary causes are more prevalent in general referral centres for dementia diagnosis. (touchneurology.com)
  • Criteria from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ( DSM-5 ) should be used in the diagnosis of dementia. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis of the initial stages of dementia is based mainly on neuropsychological testing and clinical suspicion. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, temporospatial analysis of the EEG record is a useful indicator of cortical dysfunction in dementia and correlates with the degree of cognitive impairment. (medscape.com)
  • Overview of Delirium and Dementia Delirium (sometimes called acute confusional state) and dementia are the most common causes of cognitive impairment, although affective disorders (eg, depression) can also disrupt cognition. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although no precise definition for rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) exists, this term is generally used to refer to cases with significant and progressive cognitive impairment that occurs over weeks or months. (touchneurology.com)
  • as a result, a plethora of antibodies against the CNS can now be detected in cases of autoimmune dementias, which has dramatically changed the diagnostic approach and early management of cases of RPD. (touchneurology.com)
  • HIV-associated dementia is chronic cognitive deterioration due to brain infection by HIV. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dementia Dementia is chronic, global, usually irreversible deterioration of cognition. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, it is important to point out that even neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia present in rare cases as a subacute dementia instead of a slowly progressive deterioration of higher functions. (touchneurology.com)
  • However, in patients with HIV infection, dementia may result from other disorders, some of which may be treatable. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The same favourable effect in clinical practice comes from the accumulated knowledge of the complex clinical picture of various causes of RPD, associated specific neurological features (pyramidal signs, ataxia, myoclonus) and systematic features (weight loss, hyponatraemia, hepatic disorders) and their mode of progression. (touchneurology.com)
  • Clinical dementia is a fairly broad-based decline of brain function, and most definitions center on the patient's intellectual decline and memory dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Whether these data contribute significant additional information to the clinical data in evaluating dementia is unclear. (medscape.com)
  • Apparently, temporospatial analysis may be useful in distinguishing patients with dementia from those experiencing normal aging. (medscape.com)
  • This is, however, a fairly simplistic approach, in that dementia encompasses much more than these fundamental deficits. (medscape.com)
  • Many dementias have specific distinguishing features. (medscape.com)
  • NHAAD provides an opportunity to reflect on the unique challenges related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and aging-and to discuss the best path forward with HIV prevention, treatment, and care. (nih.gov)
  • Criteria from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ( DSM-5 ) should be used in the diagnosis of dementia. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis of the initial stages of dementia is based mainly on neuropsychological testing and clinical suspicion. (medscape.com)
  • This stopped HIV from progressing to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or AIDS, the term for the final stages of infection. (dementiauk.org)
  • An operative division of dementia into those three stages or levels of severity is offered by the World Health Organization (WHO), for use by professional neurodiagnosticians. (cognifit.com)
  • Dementia affects mainly memory, is typically caused by anatomic changes in the brain, has slower onset, and is generally irreversible. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Prevalence of dementia in late-stage HIV infection ranges from 7 to 27%, but 30 to 40% may have milder forms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dementia is best understood in terms of the severity of its consequences which can interfere with daily living in a manner which, depending on the condition, may progress from a mild stage to a moderate stage and from a moderate stage to a severe stage. (cognifit.com)
  • First level - Mild dementia: The person is capable of performing familiar, rehearsed daily activities and continues to live independently. (cognifit.com)
  • HIV-associated dementia is chronic cognitive deterioration due to brain infection by HIV. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, in patients with HIV infection, dementia may result from other disorders, some of which may be treatable. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Older adults may not even know they have HIV, and by the time infection is detected, the stage of the virus may have advanced and be more likely to progress to AIDS. (nih.gov)
  • Clinical dementia is a fairly broad-based decline of brain function, and most definitions center on the patient's intellectual decline and memory dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Symptoms of HAND may remain stable over time, rather than progressing to dementia, but people may also have problems such as depression. (dementiauk.org)
  • Overview of Delirium and Dementia Delirium (sometimes called acute confusional state) and dementia are the most common causes of cognitive impairment, although affective disorders (eg, depression) can also disrupt cognition. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As our understanding and testing procedures develop, more people are being classified as suffering from some type of dementia. (medscape.com)
  • Unlike almost all other forms of dementia, it tends to occur in younger people. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is an opportunity to stand in solidarity with those living with HIV, which includes carers and people living with dementia, and to renew the effort to end HIV infections by 2030. (dementiauk.org)
  • As people age with HIV, they may also experience an unrelated dementia which can compound the experience of isolation. (dementiauk.org)
  • The Office of AIDS Research (OAR) coordinates HIV and HIV-related research across the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and works with other NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices to advance research that will improve HIV/AIDS health outcomes for people of all ages. (nih.gov)
  • Whether these data contribute significant additional information to the clinical data in evaluating dementia is unclear. (medscape.com)
  • In purely HIV-associated dementia, subcortical pathologic changes result when infected macrophages or microglial cells infiltrate into the deep gray matter (ie, basal ganglia, thalamus) and white matter. (msdmanuals.com)
  • On September 18, public health professionals, health care providers, organizations, advocates, and communities united to recognize National HIV/AIDS and Aging Awareness Day (NHAAD). (nih.gov)
  • When we age our risk of dementia increases. (dementiauk.org)
  • Older adults with HIV have an increased risk of coronary artery disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, dementia, and some cancers and experience a high frequency of geriatric conditions, including falls, frailty, and other impairments. (nih.gov)
  • 1 NHAAD highlights the complex issues related to HIV and aging and underscores the importance of ongoing research. (nih.gov)