• Print on demand (POD) is a printing technology and business process in which book copies (or other documents, packaging, or materials) are not printed until the company receives an order, allowing prints in single or small quantities. (wikipedia.org)
  • While other industries established the build-to-order business model, POD could only develop after the beginning of digital printing because it was not economical to print single copies using traditional printing technologies such as letterpress and offset printing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many publishers use POD for other printing needs other than books such as galley proof, catalogs and review copies. (wikipedia.org)
  • These items were singled out for description because copy photographs or digital copies were requested for a publication, exhibition, or other special project that increased demand for the pictures. (loc.gov)
  • POD technology bypasses the massive print runs and warehousing and distribution costs of traditional publishing by storing text digitally and printing single copies as needed. (editorsforum.org)
  • A print-on-demand service prints individual copies of your book as orders come in and ships them to the customer for you. (911weknow.com)
  • I researched five print-on-demand services, and printed test copies of our book to compare quality, service, and cost. (911weknow.com)
  • To order FREE printed copies , visit CDC Publications On Demand . (cdc.gov)
  • Registered students and staff may use single articles, chapters and other individual items of the content for the preparation of academic and educational course materials including print-outs and copies in print, with all the rights notices duly presented. (lu.se)
  • Print copies are also available for order through CDC Publications On Demand . (cdc.gov)
  • Blinkstore provides you with a custom storefront, print-on-demand, and shipping (dropshipping). (google.com)
  • Sell dropshipping and print on demand products⁠-no shipping or fulfillment necessary. (wix.com)
  • Do it with Printful-we're a print-on-demand dropshipping supplier ready to support you every step of the way and take care of the boring stuff (you know, like fulfillment). (shopify.com)
  • M&T VP Dean Froome likens the start of the pandemic in 2020 to someone hitting the pause button on the print industry. (xerox.com)
  • Not valid for the purchase of caps, gift vouchers and products printed with direct to film. (spreadshirt.com)
  • Our product range consists of over 250 different products, all printed on demand. (spreadshirt.com)
  • Our print methods like flex, flock or digital printing make sure you'll get nothing but the best out of your products. (spreadshirt.com)
  • In case you don't fancy a photo print, just pick one of our many products and find a fitting design that's in line with the interests or hobby of the lucky recipient. (spreadshirt.com)
  • The prints are impressively durable and vibrant, and the products can easily be re-ordered. (spreadshirt.com)
  • Any special wishes or requests regarding products and printing methods? (spreadshirt.com)
  • All you need to do is set up an online store, use reliable print on demand services , and promote your products. (magpress.com)
  • With the ability to offer a wide range of personalized products at scale, Print on Demand services are shaping the future of the market. (einsiders.com)
  • Print on Demand has revolutionized the way products are created and sold. (einsiders.com)
  • The ability to offer unique and personalized products will continue to be a driving force in the e-commerce industry, making Print on Demand a lucrative business opportunity for those willing to embrace it. (einsiders.com)
  • With the advent of digital design tools and printing techniques, creators now have the means to transform their ideas into tangible products. (einsiders.com)
  • We'll print, package, and ship your products to your customers. (shopify.com)
  • In the second year, we get into application problems and we do a lot of 3D printing where students use real-world applications to solve design problems and create new products. (stratasys.com)
  • Even as I explore the future of creativity through AI-generated art, writing with GPT-3, and special edition NFTs, I also expand my physical print products by selling special edition print books through my Shopify store , speaking at in-person events, and writing a memoir about my solo pilgrimage walks. (thecreativepenn.com)
  • Learn how to transform your hand-painted artworks into top-selling digital products for print-on-demand platforms. (prolibraries.com)
  • Discover how to transform your analog artworks into captivating digital products tailored for print-on-demand platforms like Society6 and Spoonflower. (prolibraries.com)
  • One of the most popular products in this category is custom printed T-shirts. (plicks.com)
  • With the help of POD platforms, entrepreneurs can bring their ideas to life and cater to the increasing demand for customized items. (einsiders.com)
  • Digital printing and online platforms such as Blurb, Lulu and Kindle Direct Publishing allow anyone to publish work immediately and without financial risk, opening up spaces beyond the trade book world and ostensibly democratizing production. (artbook.com)
  • Prepare your creations for upload on print-on-demand platforms. (prolibraries.com)
  • If you're intrigued by the idea of turning your art into a sustainable source of income through print-on-demand platforms, you're in the right place. (prolibraries.com)
  • 3D Systems reported better-than-expected first quarter growth as healthcare demand for 3D printing surged. (zdnet.com)
  • Customize sweatshirts, aprons, hoodies or mugs with great prints at Spreadshirt. (spreadshirt.com)
  • Variable data printing allows you to customize text, images, and logos. (mimeo.com)
  • POD has other business benefits besides lesser costs (for small jobs): Technical set-up is usually quicker than for offset printing. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, UK art retailer King and McGaw fulfills many of its art print orders by printing on-demand rather than pre-printing and storing them until they are sold, requiring less space and reducing overheads to the business. (wikipedia.org)
  • Family-owned M&T Printing Group -with 14 locations and 54 years in the business-is a leading print-on-demand provider in the Ontario, Canada market. (xerox.com)
  • Business Startup , Print-on-Demand , and Tips and Guides . (magpress.com)
  • Start a print-on-demand business. (magpress.com)
  • All this means that you can start your own print-on-demand business with $100. (magpress.com)
  • Meanwhile, when you run a print-on-demand business, you can work from the comfort of your own home, and save a ton of time that you can then use to grow your business. (magpress.com)
  • When you run a print-on-demand business, all you really need is a laptop and an Internet connection, which means that you can work from pretty much anywhere. (magpress.com)
  • With the rise of e-commerce and the increasing demand for personalized items, POD has become a popular choice for many aspiring business owners. (einsiders.com)
  • While it's not exactly easy to bundle 30+ years of manufacturing advancements into a succinct article, we've taken on the challenge because we want to help you make informed and grounded decisions on how, where and when to implement 3D printing into your own business operations or even daily life. (stratasys.com)
  • Looking to start a printed or embroidered t-shirt business? (shopify.com)
  • Last week I announced that I'm starting a print-on-demand jewelry business . (medium.com)
  • Upload training manuals , procedures, business card templates, almost any kind of print document you can think of. (mimeo.com)
  • We're always looking for ways to make our customers' experience as easy and seamless as possible," said David Lee, Vice President of Product Development and Print Services for The UPS Store, Inc. "Print on Demand is a way for us to better meet the needs of our small business customers by bringing our professional printing services to our customers quickly, wherever they may be. (theupsstore.com)
  • The UPS Store's new Print on Demand service further caters to local small business owners and entrepreneurs who need time saving tools. (theupsstore.com)
  • In a recent survey, the majority of small business owners reported that they would benefit from an on-demand delivery service for their print orders. (theupsstore.com)
  • We are delighted to work with The UPS Store to disrupt the print business by offering on demand delivery. (theupsstore.com)
  • With more than 4,500 locations, The UPS Store® network comprises the nation's largest franchise system of retail shipping, postal, print and business service centers. (theupsstore.com)
  • I'm in UK, and in town there's a commercial print-shop who do business cards, posters, flyers, postcards etc. (tarotforum.net)
  • Print on Demand (POD) is a low-risk business model that has become quite popular over the last years. (creativefabrica.com)
  • In our Ultimate Print on Demand Guide , you'll find all the information you need to take into account if you consider starting a POD business. (creativefabrica.com)
  • How To Earn With Print On Demand Business? (plicks.com)
  • This has prompted many people to indulge in the eCommerce business especially the print on demand business. (plicks.com)
  • Are you planning to venture into the Print on Demand business? (plicks.com)
  • Digital technology is ideally suited to publish small print jobs of posters (often as a single copy) when they are needed. (wikipedia.org)
  • POD creates a new category of publishing (or printing) company that offers services, usually for a fee, directly to authors who wish to self-publish. (wikipedia.org)
  • You can set up a self-service, custom-branded company storefront in minutes and publish all your print, digital, and warehoused items. (mimeo.com)
  • Of course, the entire process of using lulu.com to publish and print projects is fairly complex, with many details contingent on your specific needs. (perishablepress.com)
  • The technology is currently very expensive and the New York Times recently reported that Lightning Source, Inc., a leading provider of ebook fulfillment, charges publishers over $4.00 per book, which is a higher cost per unit than that of small print run. (writerswrite.com)
  • As we've mentioned in the previous posts, there are two types of Print on Demand companies you can partner up with: fulfillment services and marketplaces. (creativefabrica.com)
  • These services generally include printing and shipping each individual book ordered, handling royalties, and getting listings in online bookstores. (wikipedia.org)
  • The initial investment required for POD services is less than for offset printing. (wikipedia.org)
  • To learn more about Print on Demand and the professional printing services offered by The UPS Store, visit https://www.upsstoreprint.com . (theupsstore.com)
  • This part is about how to get your book printed, and demystifying print-on-demand services. (911weknow.com)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Health services needs and demand. (who.int)
  • Print on demand with digital technology is a way to print items for a fixed cost per copy, regardless of the size of the order. (wikipedia.org)
  • You provide valuable customer service and address any issues with items needing to be printed correctly. (shopify.com)
  • The 'Miscellaneous Items' category consists of more than 80,000 descriptions of individual images from a variety of the Prints & Photographs Division's photographic, print, drawing, and architectural holdings. (loc.gov)
  • Rather than "offshore" or "offload" the jobs to other companies, Printful prints all of their own items at their own facility using their standardized QC process. (shopify.com)
  • We'll even bundle inventoried items with print-on-demand documents. (mimeo.com)
  • These items can be pulled and placed into shipments of printed items. (mimeo.com)
  • For on-demand printing of books, calendars, and other desktop-published items, lulu.com is a popular choice. (perishablepress.com)
  • This title will be printed after purchase and will arrive separately from any in-stock items. (ctpub.com)
  • Authorized users (registered students and staff) at Lund University may download and print individual items solely for educational, personal, scientific, or research purposes. (lu.se)
  • Before the introduction of digital printing technology, production of small numbers of publications had many limitations. (wikipedia.org)
  • As technology advanced, it became possible to store text in digital form - paper tape, punched cards readable by digital computer, magnetic mass storage, etc. - and to print on a teletypewriter, line printer or other computer printer, but the software and hardware to produce original good-quality printed colour text and graphics and to print small jobs fast and cheaply was unavailable. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a 'give them what they want' shop, they also recognised that a Better Together approach would address all their needs, as well as provide their customers a range of flexible cost options for the same job based on the print technology used-rather than forcing a specific job type onto a specific press. (xerox.com)
  • The technology involves complex laser printing systems and electronically formatted text which the printers can read. (writerswrite.com)
  • Print on Demand works by leveraging digital printing technology. (einsiders.com)
  • As technology continues to advance, the future of Print on Demand looks promising. (einsiders.com)
  • All design files, regardless of the 3D printing technology, are sliced into layers before printing. (stratasys.com)
  • Where supports are required largely depends on the material, build process (3D print technology) and build resolution (layer thickness), among other factors. (stratasys.com)
  • Students gain high-demand skills with 3D printing at Dunwoody College of Technology. (stratasys.com)
  • Thanks to print on demand (POD) technology, today's answer to self-publishing, authors no longer need the backing of trade publishers in order to market, sell, and distribute their books worldwide. (editorsforum.org)
  • In the video, I explain how amazing print on demand technology is for enabling young people to create projects like this. (thecreativepenn.com)
  • Last month, Politics & Prose debuted its Espresso Book Machine , which lets patrons print out-of-print, hard-to-find, or custom books in minutes. (washingtoncitypaper.com)
  • We love all kinds of custom prints, whether it's "I love" T-Shirts or leavers hoodies - T-Shirt printing is what we do best. (spreadshirt.com)
  • We're the specialist for custom T-shirt printing, where you're sure to find custom gifts for any occasion. (spreadshirt.com)
  • Put more complex and custom manufacturing aids on your production floor with 3D printing. (stratasys.com)
  • Once you place your order, your digital photos are custom printed on artist grade canvas with fade-resistant, UV protectant, archival inks for vibrant, long-lasting color. (canvasondemand.com)
  • Your custom print is then expertly assembled into a warp-resistant, 1.25" inch thick gallery-wrap, and finished with your choice of floating frame. (canvasondemand.com)
  • Your custom canvas print is assembled in the USA and ready to hang on your wall in your home or office. (canvasondemand.com)
  • M&T offers a wide range of full-service offerings from traditional offset printing to digital production, to signage and promotional materials. (xerox.com)
  • With their offset capacity maxed out and digital demand growing, they needed to make wise investments that would allow for digital growth, while supporting offset migration/overflow. (xerox.com)
  • We offer embroidered workwear in addition to direct digital printing. (spreadshirt.com)
  • 3D printing starts with a digital file derived from computer aided design (CAD) software. (stratasys.com)
  • Mimeo Marketplace is your central portal for all your print and digital documents. (mimeo.com)
  • Enable internal teams or external partners to order customized print and digital materials. (mimeo.com)
  • Mimeo Marketplace is a one-of-a-kind central portal for all of your company's print and digital materials. (mimeo.com)
  • Include both print and digital materials in your Marketplace portal. (mimeo.com)
  • Today an entire subculture is exploring print on demand in search of new economies and publics, while also critically negotiating our digital present. (artbook.com)
  • They handle the printing, packaging, and shipping, allowing creators to focus on what they do best - creating amazing designs. (einsiders.com)
  • Moreover, Print on Demand provides creators with valuable insights and data. (einsiders.com)
  • In today's post, we'll look at three Print on Demand marketplaces that can be a good option for beginners. (creativefabrica.com)
  • Among these, taxing static muscular workload, high sensory demands, and machine paced time patterns were the top three. (cdc.gov)
  • These advantages reduce the risks associated with publishing books and prints and can result in increased choice for consumers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epublishing is a very broad term that includes a variety of different publishing models, including electronic books (ebooks), print-on-demand (POD), email publishing, wireless publishing, electronic ink and web publishing. (writerswrite.com)
  • Print-on-Demand is a new method for printing books (and other content) which allows books to be printed one at a time, or on demand. (writerswrite.com)
  • This method helps free publishers from the process of doing a traditional print run of several thousand books at a time. (writerswrite.com)
  • in a sense, it is a good intermediary step between the regular method of printing paper books and electronic books. (writerswrite.com)
  • Companies such as Booksurge or Lightning Source have a system whereby books can be printed one at a time. (tarotforum.net)
  • Find a printer to print a large run of books, store stock (p.s. boxes of books take up a lot of space), sell the books yourself, then pack and post all the orders yourself. (911weknow.com)
  • The downside is it?s a big investment to print a large inventory of books upfront, it?s risky (you might not sell all the books), and packing and posting hundreds of books is a lot of work! (911weknow.com)
  • We are printing real books! (lu.se)
  • We have print-on-demand locations in the UK, Germany and are opening in the USA early 2023. (theprintspace.co.uk)
  • Migrated away from offset shells and toner-based solutions for transactional print to a one-and-done colour inkjet solution: the Xerox ® Baltoro ® HF Inkjet Press with Colour Accelerator. (xerox.com)
  • KDP?s print cost for a full-colour book is unreasonably high for the low quality, but printing a black and white interior book with KDP is a very reasonable price. (911weknow.com)
  • Many publishers, include web upstarts, are hoping this method will allow them to more effectively print smaller numbers of a book and still make a profit. (writerswrite.com)
  • The world of 3D printing is at times a tangled web of technologies, materials, and new processes and capabilities and that can make navigating the 3D printing ecosystem difficult. (stratasys.com)
  • We're here to make your print operations as simple as possible. (mimeo.com)
  • Blurb is another option, and they offer some great tools to make designing and printing your book easier. (911weknow.com)
  • First, make sure you are aware of the full cost of printing your project. (perishablepress.com)
  • PODs are printed on uncoated (non-glossy) paper and the color may appear more saturated. (ctpub.com)
  • When someone purchases from your store, we will take care of printing and shipping it to the customer. (google.com)
  • For example, if you have a thriving print-on-demand store, you can sell it for 20x - 30x the monthly revenue. (magpress.com)
  • The one-hour* print delivery service is the first of its kind and is available now at more than 180 The UPS Store locations in Chicago and Dallas. (theupsstore.com)
  • The Print on Demand service enhances The UPS Store product and service offerings by adding a new level of convenience for printing and rapid delivery. (theupsstore.com)
  • The fact that The UPS Store is utilizing Deliv as a local, same day delivery partner underscores the effectiveness of our on-demand delivery network. (theupsstore.com)
  • Many publishers use these systems when they don't want to pay for large print runs of a book, and don't want to store inventory. (tarotforum.net)
  • Many traditional small presses have replaced their traditional printing equipment with POD equipment or contracted their printing to POD service providers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Automate your art sales with our premium print-on-demand service. (theprintspace.co.uk)
  • Our fast and friendly service guarantees the perfect print, every time. (theprintspace.co.uk)
  • This demand has given rise to a revolutionary service known as Print on Demand (POD). (einsiders.com)
  • Once an order is received, the POD service prints the design onto the selected item and ships it directly to the customer. (einsiders.com)
  • Use a print-on-demand service. (911weknow.com)
  • The on-demand service provides customers with online administration interface that provides automated tools for uploading, publishing, and managing their projects. (perishablepress.com)
  • wisdom for anyone considering using their on-demand printing service. (perishablepress.com)
  • For this base price, the company will handle the transactions, coordinate the printing, arrange for delivery, and manage all the customer service issues for you. (creativefabrica.com)
  • Enable your internal team and external partners to order your official print materials, SWAG, and templates, no matter their location. (mimeo.com)
  • Any order that doesn't arrive in perfect condition, either from a flaw in printing or physical damage, will be replaced at no cost or hassle to you. (canvasondemand.com)
  • When placing an order with Fine Art Prints on Demand the customer is asked to complete an order form on our secure webpage which requests their name, address, phone number and email address. (fineartprintsondemand.com)
  • the title of the VII Meeting of the International Forums and the School of Psychoanalysis of the Forums of the Lacanian Field - the author situates what is from the order of the offer, demand, and the response in a psychoanalysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results of the study are considered encouraging to meet active, high demand for orthopedic implants among patients, and are likely to lessen concerns apropos of dislocation. (medgadget.com)
  • Students learn critical thinking along with practical, high-demand skills. (stratasys.com)
  • Students spend their first year learning the basics of (blue)print reading and SolidWorks software," said Alex Wong, the engineering, drafting and design instructor. (stratasys.com)
  • It's a great print method for corporate clothing, and also for accessories and other articles from Spreadshirt's product range. (spreadshirt.com)
  • Once the sale is made, the product will be printed, and sent to your customer. (magpress.com)
  • Rapid prototyping with 3D printing takes the guesswork out of new product design. (stratasys.com)
  • Students also learn how to leverage 3D printing during the product development process by verifying concepts, validating designs and testing. (stratasys.com)
  • 3D printing lets students adjust their concepts at every step of product development. (stratasys.com)
  • Our team is dedicated to providing high-quality printing and a seamless experience. (shopify.com)
  • Sell fine art & photo prints through your Instagram Shop and let us fulfil your customer orders. (theprintspace.co.uk)
  • This course, "Digitize Your Art to Sell Online: Prep Your Paintings for Print-On-Demand," delves deep into the process of turning your tangible creations into virtual treasures that resonate with a global audience. (prolibraries.com)
  • Because 3D printing builds one 2-D layer at a time, the individual lines appear as ribbed surfaces on parts. (stratasys.com)
  • The popularity of print-on-demand ecommerce is on the rise, and it's not likely to slow down any time soon based on our research. (visual.ly)
  • One-hour from the time the print job is complete and the customer selects a delivery window. (theupsstore.com)
  • The Library of Artistic Print on Demand maps this experimental field for the first time, exploring its global spread, history, contradictions and political relevance through writings from international publishers and authors. (artbook.com)
  • World demand for oil, gas and coal is forecast to peak this decade for the first time as the use of cleaner energy and electric cars accelerates, the International Energy Agency's chief wrote Tuesday in the Financial Times. (daily-sun.com)
  • This is the first time that a peak in demand is visible for each fuel this decade,' he wrote, adding that this was happening sooner than many had anticipated. (daily-sun.com)
  • The IEA already predicted in a report in June that a peak global oil demand was 'in sight' before the end of the decade, but it is the first time that it makes such an assessment for coal and gas. (daily-sun.com)
  • As in every Print on Demand marketplace, respecting intellectual property is crucial here. (creativefabrica.com)
  • Gas demand will drop later this decade in advanced economies as heat pumps and renewable energy are increasingly used while Europe is shifting away from Russian supplies following the war in Ukraine. (daily-sun.com)
  • A range of 1,000 of Print on Demand wall maps to choose from covering a wide range of areas, countries, destinations. (dash4it.co.uk)
  • A big part of optimising for the road ahead would be addressing cost control-particularly with respect to the large volume of transactional print that passes through their shop-currently requiring offset shells and all the related storage, staffing and workflow challenges. (xerox.com)
  • It's intended to be a one-piece print and passes all the automated test to do so. (starfleetgames.com)
  • I admire how Gelato handles potential hiccups in the printing process, ensuring a positive outcome for you and your customers. (shopify.com)
  • 3D printing doesn't refer to one kind of manufacturing or technological process and therefore a well-rounded understanding requires an in-depth look into all available 3D printing systems. (stratasys.com)
  • 3D printing refers to any manufacturing process which additively builds or forms 3D parts in layers from CAD data. (stratasys.com)
  • Let's recap: 3D printing, regardless of process, takes a 3D CAD file, slices it into 2-D layers, and additively builds up a part 2-D layer by 2-D layer. (stratasys.com)
  • At this point in the process, we?d put so much effort into writing and designing the book (see parts one and two), we really just wanted the best possible print quality we could afford. (911weknow.com)
  • In this class, you're going to learn the step-by-step process of digitizing and enhancing your analogue artwork specifically for print-on-demand sales. (prolibraries.com)
  • These produced printed pages of inferior quality to a book, cheaply and reasonably fast. (wikipedia.org)
  • Large inventories of a book or print material do not need to be kept in stock, reducing storage, handling costs, and inventory accounting costs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Print on demand changed my life a few years ago when I held my first book in my hand. (thecreativepenn.com)
  • The low cost of print on demand means it is accessible to all and a print book is still a powerful representation of a dream come true. (thecreativepenn.com)
  • I printed the opening quote from Dante's Inferno that inspired the book title, and we aged it with tea leaves in a tray of water. (thecreativepenn.com)
  • Having said that, if you?re printing a fiction book, with mostly text and no images, then KDP might be a great option for you. (911weknow.com)
  • If you are planning on using lulu.com to print your next book, begin by reading through all of the relevant FAQs available at their site. (perishablepress.com)
  • You can print on smartphone covers, mugs, or T-shirts to give your gift a personal touch with your own photos and text. (spreadshirt.com)
  • This convergence allows for high-accuracy manipulation and spatial control over placement of cells during printing, and enables the fabrication of cell arrays and hierarchical heterogenous microtissues, opening new applications in bioanalysis and high-throughput screening. (bvsalud.org)
  • One of the key advantages of Print on Demand is its flexibility. (einsiders.com)
  • Most 3D printing processes require support structures to act as "scaffolding" for features that can't be built above open air, such as overhangs, undercuts, holes, cavities, etc. (stratasys.com)
  • We will delve deeper into why technologies require supports - and which ones do not - once we break out into individual 3D printing processes. (stratasys.com)
  • Imagine Shopify meets print-on-demand and shipping with amazing sales enablement like social commerce. (google.com)
  • Descriptions for such materials originally resided in the 'copy negative' shelflist, with subject and creator access through various card catalogs in the Prints & Photographs Reading Room. (loc.gov)
  • Warehouse your branded merchandise, event or classroom supplies, membership materials, and even bulk print jobs in our secure facilities. (mimeo.com)
  • Print on Demand eliminates the need for traditional inventory management and the associated risks. (einsiders.com)
  • They also acquired an additional Xerox ® iGen ® 5 Press with a Xerox ® FreeFlow ® Print Server, a Xerox ® Versant ® 3100 Production Press and an inline Bourg BDFe Finisher. (xerox.com)
  • How Does 3D Printing Work? (stratasys.com)
  • It's intuitive to work on and the graphical 3D preview of GrabCAD Print™ helps students diagnose problem areas like thin walls and correct toolpath issues before printing. (stratasys.com)
  • 3D Systems CEO Dr. Jeffery Graves said the company saw strong demand in both dental and medical applications. (zdnet.com)
  • Carbon is responding rapidly with government leaders and its global Carbon network of customers and partners to help meet this unprecedented demand, specifically by designing, validating, and producing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) face shields and patient sampling swabs. (who.int)