AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
DehydrationCholeraCholera ToxinCholera VaccinesDesiccationVibrio choleraeFluid TherapyHypernatremiaWaterVibrio cholerae O1Water DeprivationRehydration SolutionsG(M1) GangliosideWater-Electrolyte BalanceDiarrheaHaitiBangladeshAntitoxinsThirstToxoidsVibrio cholerae O139DrinkingIntestinal SecretionsEnterotoxinsDiarrhea, InfantileBody WaterAbscisic AcidFreezingOsmolar ConcentrationDisease OutbreaksHydro-LyasesDroughtsAdenosine Diphosphate RiboseSpecific GravityToxins, BiologicalChironomidaeAdministration, OralAntidiarrhealsAcclimatizationGastroenteritisWater-Electrolyte ImbalanceTrehaloseElectrolytesSanitationGene Expression Regulation, PlantVasopressinsPlant ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataFecesAdenylate CyclaseCyclic AMPCraterostigmaSodium ChlorideStress, PhysiologicalCicerBacterial ToxinsWrestlingOsmotic PressureVibrioClotrimazoleRosaWater Loss, InsensibleHumidityErythrocytes, AbnormalPoncirusTime FactorsBody FluidsAdaptation, PhysiologicalAnemia, Sickle CellImmunoglobulin AAmino Acid SequenceSodiumAntibodies, BacterialEpidemicsClassical Swine FeverDrinking BehaviorHot TemperatureVirulence Factors, BordetellaGangliosidesRabbitsKineticsSaline Solution, HypertonicArabidopsisIleumPertussis ToxinPlant LeavesArginine VasopressinCold TemperatureCamelsGTP-Binding ProteinsSupraoptic NucleusAdministration, IntranasalHypovolemiaImmunizationSalt-ToleranceWater MicrobiologyCholera MorbusIntestinal MucosaVibrio cholerae non-O1Temperature
OutbreakEpidemicVibrioOutbreaksWatery diarrheaBacteriumVaccineSanitationInfectionDiarrhea and dehydrationEndemicDiarrhoeaPreventionBacterialShed cholera bacteriaVaccinesElectrolyte imbalanceRisk of choleraAreas where choleraSigns of dehydrationCountries where choleraLeft UntreatedOccursElectrolytesRehydrationContaminated with the cholera bacteriaVaccinationAfricaHaitiArea with active choleraBacteria that cause choleraPersons infected with the choleraCountry'sRecent cases of choleraCrampsDiarrheal illnessCause severeWorld Health OrganWaterActive cholera transmissionCasesDeathsIllnessModerateCauses of dehydrationRapidHypernatremic dehydrationPatientsDiseases
Outbreak39
  • There is a cholera vaccine available for adults ages 18 to 64 who are traveling to an area with an active cholera outbreak. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A cholera outbreak in Papua New Guinea (PNG) has claimed the lives of at least 100 people. (wsws.org)
  • The cholera outbreak began in July 2009 near the northern city of Lae and has spread to other parts of the desperately impoverished country. (wsws.org)
  • In September last year, as the outbreak was spreading, AusAID, the Australian government's international aid agency, donated just $1.7 million to combat cholera in PNG. (wsws.org)
  • The Queensland state government has been holding health seminars in the Australian Torres Strait Islands, to both educate islanders in cholera prevention and issue reassurances that there is little risk of the outbreak reaching Australian territory. (wsws.org)
  • In Haiti, in 2018, following an aggressive rapid response and outbreak interruption strategy, the country saw its lowest number of cases since the start of the cholera epidemic in 2010. (who.int)
  • Zimbabwe is slowly recovering from Africa's worst cholera outbreak in 15 years. (americares.org)
  • For the first time since a cholera epidemic believed to be imported by United Nation peacekeepers began killing thousands of Haitians nearly six years ago, the office of Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has acknowledged that the United Nations played a role in the initial outbreak and that a "significant new set of U.N. actions" will be needed to respond to the crisis. (activistpost.com)
  • The deputy spokesman for the secretary general, Farhan Haq, said in an email this week that "over the past year, the U.N. has become convinced that it needs to do much more regarding its own involvement in the initial outbreak and the suffering of those affected by cholera. (activistpost.com)
  • According to The Times , "the first victims lived near a base housing 454 United Nations peacekeepers freshly arrived from Nepal, where a cholera outbreak was underway, and waste from the base often leaked into the river. (activistpost.com)
  • Following the cholera outbreak, the IJDH filed a lawsuit against the United Nations on behalf of the cholera victims. (activistpost.com)
  • Up until now, the U.N. had refused to engage in any kind of conversation about their role in the cholera outbreak. (activistpost.com)
  • Displaced families are living in crowded emergency shelters with limited access to safe water, hygiene and sanitation - the perfect recipe for an uncontrolled cholera outbreak. (unicefusa.org)
  • Even before Cyclone Freddy, Malawi and Mozambique were among the countries most seriously affected by the cholera outbreak . (unicefusa.org)
  • What lessons can we learn for today from the 2008-09 cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe? (africasacountry.com)
  • My book tells the story of the Zimbabwe's catastrophic 2008-09 cholera outbreak. (africasacountry.com)
  • Over the course of 10 months, the disease infected over 98,000 people, claimed over 4,000 lives, and, with an exceptionally high case-fatality rate at the peak of the epidemic, Zimbabwe's 2008 cholera outbreak has been deemed the largest and most extensive in recorded African history. (africasacountry.com)
  • The long-term factors that led to the cholera outbreak can be traced as far back as the late 19th century when Salisbury was founded as the administrative and political capital of Southern Rhodesia. (africasacountry.com)
  • Charities have warned that the cholera outbreak has already spread to neighbouring South Africa. (aljazeera.com)
  • SHARJAH - The Sharjah Municipality has put in place a set of precautionary measures, to be strictly followed, in order to prevent the chances of an outbreak of cholera in the emirate following reports of the spread of the disease in several regions of Iran. (khaleejtimes.com)
  • Iran had recently announced an outbreak of cholera in the country. (khaleejtimes.com)
  • The proportion of fetal deaths was higher than that previously recorded in Haiti but close to that of the 2006 Senegal cholera outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • An outbreak of cholera has been documented in the area surrounding the lower Artibonite region of Haiti. (greenleft.org.au)
  • The Zimbabwean authorities on Wednesday accused an international group of overstating the risks of a cholera outbreak in the sprawling capital city of Harare, ensuring the public that the cholera epidemic that killed 4,000 people in 2008 won't repeat again. (globaltimes.cn)
  • Director of health services Stanley Mongofa told Xinhua that most places in the city were receiving potable water, including an area that was the epicenter of the deadly cholera outbreak five years ago. (globaltimes.cn)
  • If they say the conditions that prevailed during the 2008 cholera outbreak are still persisting, I will ask, why have we not had a cholera outbreak in the past five years? (globaltimes.cn)
  • Mungofa acknowledged that the 2008 cholera outbreak was severe because of the economic meltdown in the country. (globaltimes.cn)
  • I am not aware of Budiriro high density suburb (the epicenter of the 2008 cholera outbreak) not receiving water. (globaltimes.cn)
  • In Syria, a major cholera outbreak that began in the northern regions has now spread across the country. (circleofblue.org)
  • The cholera outbreak in Syria may have been intensified by social and political circumstances. (circleofblue.org)
  • It's been nearly a generation since the country's last cholera outbreak, so aid agencies like Doctors Without Borders are training local health clinics on how to identify and treat patients. (circleofblue.org)
  • The last cholera outbreak in Syria was in 2007. (circleofblue.org)
  • That's what I told my friends when they asked why I was going to Haiti to help with CDC's cholera outbreak response . (cdc.gov)
  • More than a million malnourished children are living in areas of Yemen hit hardest by a cholera outbreak, according to a new analysis by Save the Children. (kcur.org)
  • Oxfam says the war "has destroyed or damaged more than half the country's health facilities as the cholera outbreak rages on. (kcur.org)
  • This photograph depicts Bangladeshi Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) resident, Dr. Mallick Masum Billah, during his interview with the mother of a child suffering from cholera, lying down in the background, during an outbreak in Chuadanga, Bangladesh on August 6, 2014. (cdc.gov)
  • The cholera outbreak led to over 1400 patients being admitted to local health facilities, between August 1st, and 10th, 2014, experiencing diarrhea, and accompanying dehydration. (cdc.gov)
  • View of Availability of safe drinking-water: the answer to cholera outbreak? (who.int)
  • In this cholera outbreak, drinking-water from unchlorinated wells was a significant risk factor. (who.int)
Epidemic22
  • The risk of a cholera epidemic is highest when poverty, war or natural disasters force people to live in crowded conditions without adequate sanitation. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Cholera is rare in the United States, but cases occur among travelers to countries where cholera is endemic or epidemic and associated with unsafe water and inadequate sanitation. (nih.gov)
  • This kind of gene transfer might well have been involved in a cholera epidemic that hit Southeast Asia in the early 1990s, Blokesch said. (livescience.com)
  • Nine months after that disaster, a cholera epidemic struck. (ibtimes.com)
  • The cholera epidemic that has added to the list of Haiti's post-earthquake miseries is a reminder that what Haiti needs more than anything else is good governance that would lead to better infrastructure and safe water. (cfr.org)
  • ABSTRACT An epidemic of cholera in Iraq was anticipated for the year 1999 and a plan of notification and treatment of cases of diarrhoea was made. (who.int)
  • This paper documents the clinical and bacteriological profile of cholera cases admitted to the 6 hospitals in Baghdad during the epidemic. (who.int)
  • for human use, the epidemic of cholera in from 1817 to 1923 there were 6 pandemic the year 1999 was anticipated. (who.int)
  • England was severely af- and bacteriological data of all cholera cases fected, allowing John Snow to complete admitted to the 6 hospitals in Baghdad dur- his studies of the relationship of the disease ing the epidemic of 1999 in Iraq. (who.int)
  • The United Nations has admitted responsibility for the 2010 cholera epidemic in Haiti which killed more than ten thousand people. (activistpost.com)
  • Nearly six years after a cholera epidemic killed thousands of Haitians, the United Nations secretary general has confessed that U.N. peacekeepers likely caused the illness to spread. (activistpost.com)
  • Talk about the cholera epidemic in Haiti in the wake of Hurricane Matthew. (futurity.org)
  • In January 1991, epidemic cholera appeared in South America and quickly spread to several countries. (cdc.gov)
  • However, as a result of improved transportation, more persons from the United States travel to parts of Latin America, Africa, or Asia where epidemic cholera is occurring. (cdc.gov)
  • U.S. travelers to areas with epidemic cholera may be exposed to the cholera bacterium. (cdc.gov)
  • The risk for cholera is very low for U.S. travelers visiting areas with epidemic cholera. (cdc.gov)
  • Malawi's worst cholera epidemic in decades has sparked massive demand for vaccines but stocks are reportedly running low. (africanews.com)
  • If Malawi is the epicentre of the African epidemic, cholera is surging globally. (africanews.com)
  • In this light, my new book, The Political Life of an Epidemic: Cholera, Crisis and Citizenship , offers some insights that might be helpful for making sense of the current pandemic and its potential impact on Africa. (africasacountry.com)
  • Cholera Prevention Cholera Prevention Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Download Brochure Cholera Prevention In January 1991, epidemic cholera appeared in South America and quickly spread to several countries. (cdc.gov)
  • The cholera epidemic in Africa has lasted more than 20 years. (cdc.gov)
  • In areas with inadequate sanitation, a cholera epidemic cannot be stopped immediately, and there are no signs that the epidemic in the Americas will end soon. (cdc.gov)
Vibrio25
Outbreaks15
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends external icon that cholera vaccines be used in areas where local transmission of cholera occurs, during humanitarian crises with a high risk of cholera, and during cholera outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholera vaccines are important tools for helping to prevent cholera and control cholera outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • Contaminated public wells are frequent sources of large-scale cholera outbreaks. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Cholera occurs as both outbreaks and chronically in certain areas. (wikipedia.org)
  • When outbreaks of cholera occur, efforts should be made to establish clean water, food, and sanitation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Rural districts, where sanitation is poor and health services are poorer, have a higher risk of facing cholera outbreaks, but those living in cities are not immune either, as urban areas become more crowded and residents face rising competition for safe drinking water. (ibtimes.com)
  • After the escalation in the incidence of (rapidly spreading to different countries cholera cases in Iraq during 1998, and due and disappearing rapidly when outbreaks to serious shortages of safe water supplies subside) [ 10 ]. (who.int)
  • Across eastern and southern Africa, the devastating effects of floods, droughts and tropical storms are pushing already weakened community health, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) systems to the breaking point, fueling one of the worst cholera outbreaks in decades. (unicefusa.org)
  • Travellers living and working in areas with cholera outbreaks, including refugee camps, are at increased risk - particularly those a weakened immune system, persons who have had surgery for duodenal or gastric ulcers or taking antacid therapy, and cannabis users (smoking marijuana reduces stomach acid secretion). (iamat.org)
  • Algorithms using data from antibody signatures in peoples' blood may enable scientists to assess the size of cholera outbreaks and identify hotspots of cholera transmission more accurately than ever, according to a study led by scientists at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Current methods for tracking cholera outbreaks rely heavily on local hospital reports of cholera-like diarrhea cases and are relatively inaccurate. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Finally, Azman and colleagues set up software simulations of cholera outbreaks of varying size and simulated small serosurveys (where a random subset of the population had their antibodies measured). (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • International reporting of cholera outbreaks currently contain only small amounts of information due to limitations in surveillance systems, concerns of potential impacts on tourism, and the inconsistencies in patient-reported symptoms. (nd.edu)
  • CDC responds to cholera outbreaks across the world using its Global Water, Sanitation, & Hygiene (WASH) expertise. (cdc.gov)
  • Local surveillance data had no recorded cholera outbreaks for the period 2008-2012. (who.int)
Watery diarrhea6
  • Up to 10% of infections manifest as severe cholera (i.e., cholera gravis), profuse watery diarrhea that can cause severe dehydration and death within hours. (nih.gov)
  • Cholera is a bacterial infection of the small intestine that causes a large amount of watery diarrhea. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Figure 3 Cascade for acute, mild/moderate, watery diarrhea-with mild/moderate dehydration. (lww.com)
  • Blood or mucus in the diarrhea, significant abdominal pain, or high fever suggests a more serious cause, such as cholera , characterized by a rapid onset of weakness and torrents of watery diarrhea with flecks of mucus (described as "rice water" stools). (wikipedia.org)
  • It is caused by the bacteriumVibrio cholerae, and features watery diarrhea that can bring about life-threatening dehydration and loss of electrolytes. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Although a key first step in controlling cholera is getting an estimate of its geographic extent and rate of spread, public health officials in low-income settings usually can make only rough estimates based on the numbers of patients with watery diarrhea that visit local hospitals. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Bacterium8
  • Most persons infected with the cholera bacterium have mild diarrhea or no symptoms at all. (cdc.gov)
  • Once the membranes are dissolved, the target cell bursts, releasing its DNA, and the cholera bacterium absorbs the freed genetic material. (livescience.com)
  • Blokesch added that the spearing mechanism might be one more reason the cholera bacterium is so virulent in the human gut . (livescience.com)
  • A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. (cdc.gov)
  • The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in brackish rivers and coastal waters. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholera is an acute illness brought about by bacterium virbo cholera. (khaleejtimes.com)
  • Cholera can also be transmitted if a person eats food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. (greenleft.org.au)
  • Cholera symptoms can appear as little as two hours or as late as five days after exposure to the bacterium. (familycarers.org.uk)
Vaccine15
  • A child receives an oral cholera vaccine in Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2021. (cdc.gov)
  • ACIP recommends CVD 103-HgR, the only cholera vaccine licensed for use in the United States, for prevention of cholera among travelers aged 2-64 years to an area with active cholera transmission. (nih.gov)
  • In 2017 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a single-dose, live, oral cholera vaccine called Vaxchora for adults aged 18-64 who are travelling to an area of active cholera transmission. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not recommend the cholera vaccine for most travelers because most people do not travel to areas where cholera is present. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor may recommend the cholera vaccine if you have a condition that puts you at greater risk of travellers' diarrhoea. (health.gov.au)
  • The country has implemented a broad preventive cholera vaccination programme, with vaccine obtained from the global vaccine stockpile supported by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. (who.int)
  • Is a vaccine available to prevent cholera? (cdc.gov)
  • A health worker takes a cholera vaccine at the Bwaila Hospital in Lilongwe central Malawi Wednesday, Jan. 11, 2023. (africanews.com)
  • Malawi secured a tranche of 2.9 million doses from the Gavi-supported Global Oral Cholera Vaccine Stockpile in November. (africanews.com)
  • An inactivated oral vaccine is available in Canada and countries where Cholera may be endemic. (iamat.org)
  • Vietnam's Vaccine and Biomedical Product Company No. 1 (VaBiotech) has developed a new cholera vaccine that is superior to others currently in use. (politicalaffairs.net)
  • At US$1.25 per dose, MORACVAX is the world's first cholera vaccine that is inexpensive enough for widespread use in the developing world. (politicalaffairs.net)
  • It was in the mid-1980s that Vietnam began working on its first killed, oral cholera vaccine for use in its public health program. (politicalaffairs.net)
  • [4] The oral cholera vaccine , while effective for cholera , is of questionable use for travelers' diarrhea . (wikipedia.org)
  • The team validated their two-measure algorithm by finding that it remained accurate when applied to an independent set of blood test results from 38 volunteers in North America who had been infected V. cholerae as part of a clinical trial for a cholera vaccine. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Sanitation13
  • There are several vaccines that can be used to help prevent cholera and improve health outcomes, in combination with standard cholera prevention measures like access to safe water and improved sanitation. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC's Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases cholera website has additional information about other measures to prevent cholera including global water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions. (cdc.gov)
  • Prevention methods against cholera include improved sanitation and access to clean water. (wikipedia.org)
  • When people are outside their homes, water and sanitation systems are disrupted," Tarik Jasarevic, a spokesman for the World Health Organization (WHO), said, pointing out that cholera is spread through contaminated water. (ibtimes.com)
  • With few medical resources and dismal sanitation, there is almost no protection against cholera, which is spread by unsanitary water. (americares.org)
  • Cholera arises where water and sanitation infrastructure is unsafe. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Such a test would also improve the ability to better understand how new interventions against cholera, including water and sanitation improvements and vaccines, lead to reductions in cholera risk. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Prevalent in communities throughout parts of Bangladesh, Eastern Africa, and India with poor or limited sanitation, cholera can be preventable where safely managed water standards, hygiene practices, and infrastructure are in place. (nd.edu)
  • Jalali's research goals are to achieve a better understanding of the global burden of cholera and to provide direction on how to improve community sanitation standards. (nd.edu)
  • Cholera is a bacterial infection - it is spread through poor sanitation or contaminated food and water. (circleofblue.org)
  • Because of the poor water and sanitation problems left behind from the January quake, Haiti provides an ideal circumstance for cholera to spread. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholera is often predictable, preventable and can ultimately be eliminated where access to clean water and sanitation facilities, and satisfactory hygiene conditions are ensured and sustained for the whole population. (who.int)
  • Future cholera control efforts should include not just improving water and sanitation systems but also intensified behaviour change campaigns. (who.int)
Infection16
  • Others develop more-serious signs and symptoms of cholera, usually within a few days of infection. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Contaminated water supplies are the main source of cholera infection. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Raw, unpeeled fruits and vegetables are a frequent source of cholera infection in areas where there's cholera. (mayoclinic.org)
  • People develop the infection from eating or drinking food or water that contains the cholera germ. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, it is sometimes possible that an infection, illness, or disease will lead to dehydration. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In settings like Zimbabwe's Cholera Treatment Centers, hand sanitizer is vital for health care workers and their patients to reduce the risk of infection. (americares.org)
  • A severe contagious infection of the small intestine characterized by profuse diarrhea and dehydration. (truewestmagazine.com)
  • If untreated, the infection can lead to severe dehydration and death in undernourished persons or those with compromised immune systems. (iamat.org)
  • Cholera is a bacterial infection of the intestinal tract that results in severe diarrhea followed by death from dehydration. (politicalaffairs.net)
  • To assess the effects of cholera infection, establishment of a specialized CTC, and the new rehydration protocol, the authors conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of pregnant women with suspected cholera admitted to MSF's CTC during September 1, 2011 through December 31, 2014. (cdc.gov)
  • In St Marc, MSF-Spain is setting up systems to separate cholera cases from non-cholera cases and to organise waste management and infection control. (greenleft.org.au)
  • The team found that an algorithm using a set of antibody measures could determine very sensitively, with very low rates of false positives, whether a person had had a cholera infection within different windows of time in the year prior to giving the blood sample-for example, within the previous 45 days or previous 100 days. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Having a test that would allow us to know if a person had had a recent cholera infection could open up the door to tracking the trends of cholera transmission in a population through regular surveys where a random group of people are asked to provide a drop of blood. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Using six different antibody-based tests might be impractical in low-resource settings, but Azman and his colleagues found that when they used the two most useful measures of cholera antibody levels, they could estimate the recent time window for cholera infection almost as accurately-and still much more accurately than single antibody-test results. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Diarrhea and vomiting due to gastroenteritis, cholera, shigellosis, Yellow fever or infection of the gastrointestinal tract may lead to a loss of fluids, essential nutrients and minerals. (news-medical.net)
  • Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes two usually minor symptoms easy to identify: vomiting and diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
Diarrhea and dehydration1
Endemic1
  • Jalali and Moore will use a database of 20 years of collected cholera research in combination with the analysis of a wider range of choleric-indicative factors-including changes in climate, socioeconomic, and environmental co-variants-to develop a disease forecasting model to provide predictive information on endemic cholera hotspots. (nd.edu)
Diarrhoea5
  • It spreads through contaminated food and water and causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration. (health.gov.au)
  • The disease is extremely virulent: it can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration. (who.int)
  • Cholera, which brings on diarrhoea that can fast lead to severe dehydration and death, is preventable and treatable under normal circumstances. (aljazeera.com)
  • A suspected cholera case was defined as a previously well resident of Nabua, Camarines Sur who had at least three episodes of watery diarrhoea per day from 16 March to 22 June 2012. (who.int)
  • Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhoea, and can lead to dehydration and kill within hours if left untreated. (who.int)
Prevention5
  • Assembly, through the Executive Board at its 146th session, on the global cholera situation and evaluate efforts made in cholera prevention and control. (who.int)
  • Since 2018, several countries have made remarkable gains in overall cholera control and prevention. (who.int)
  • Within ten days, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4,722 cholera cases were reported, with 303 deaths. (cfr.org)
  • Vietnam has long been at the forefront of cholera prevention through public vaccination programs, challenging the practice, promoted for years by aid organizations, of deemphasizing vaccinations due to high costs, low success rates, and safety concerns. (politicalaffairs.net)
  • As a CDC Public Health Prevention Service (PHPS) fellow, I was deployed to Haiti as part of the Cholera Assessments and Training Team from November 10th to December 4th. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial2
  • Cholera is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Cholera is a toxin-mediated bacterial gastrointestinal illness caused by toxigenic V. cholerae serogroup O1 or, uncommonly, O139. (nih.gov)
Shed cholera bacteria1
  • But because they shed cholera bacteria in their stool for seven to 14 days, they can still infect others through contaminated water. (mayoclinic.org)
Vaccines3
  • Cholera vaccines that are given by mouth provide reasonable protection for about six months, and confer the added benefit of protecting against another type of diarrhea caused by E. coli. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to local media, citing the spokesperson for the Malawi's health ministry - Adrian Chikumbe -, the country has no more cholera vaccines. (africanews.com)
  • Besides safety, cost is a major concern with vaccines, particularly in developing countries where cholera poses a serious health threat. (politicalaffairs.net)
Electrolyte imbalance3
Risk of cholera1
Areas where cholera3
  • Living in or traveling to areas where cholera is present raises the risk of getting it. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The best way to prevent cholera is to follow basic hygiene practices, especially when traveling to areas where cholera is known to occur. (familycarers.org.uk)
  • All travelers to areas where cholera has occured should observe the following recomendations: Drink only water that you have boiled or treated with chlorine or iodine. (cdc.gov)
Signs of dehydration4
Countries where cholera1
  • Persons who develop severe diarrhea and vomiting in countries where cholera occurs should seek medical attention promptly. (cdc.gov)
Left Untreated5
  • Cholera infections are often mild, but about 1 in 10 people will develop life-threatening symptoms that can lead to shock, coma, and death within hours, if left untreated. (cdc.gov)
  • Left untreated, cholera can be fatal within hours, even in previously healthy people. (mayoclinic.org)
  • If left untreated, up to 30% of cholera cases can be fatal and in extreme cases, the disease can kill within hours. (africanews.com)
  • When left untreated, mortality from "classical" cholera can be as high as 50 percent. (africasacountry.com)
  • Cholera is a severe, waterborne illness that can cause severe dehydration and death if left untreated. (familycarers.org.uk)
Occurs7
  • Vomiting occurs especially in the early stages of cholera and can last for hours. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Cholera occurs in places with a lack of water treatment or sewage treatment, or crowding, war, and famine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Dehydration occurs when the body uses or loses more fluid than it takes in. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Dehydration in toddlers occurs when there is more fluid leaving the body than coming in. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cholera occurs predominantly in children, but can also affect adults. (news-medical.net)
  • Isonatremic (isotonic) dehydration occurs when the lost fluid is similar in sodium concentration to the blood. (medscape.com)
  • Hyponatremic (hypotonic) dehydration occurs when the lost fluid contains more sodium than the blood (loss of hypertonic fluid). (medscape.com)
Electrolytes1
Rehydration3
  • Death from severe dehydration can be prevented with a simple and inexpensive rehydration solution. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Mortality and morbidity generally depend on the severity of dehydration and the promptness of oral or intravenous rehydration. (medscape.com)
  • With prompt rehydration, fewer than 1% of cholera patients die. (cdc.gov)
Contaminated with the cholera bacteria1
  • People can get sick when they swallow food or water contaminated with the cholera bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Vaccination4
  • Most travellers do not need a cholera vaccination because the risk of getting cholera is very low. (health.gov.au)
  • Following a year (2017) in which 75 414 cases and 1007 deaths were recorded, several preventive cholera vaccination campaigns were conducted. (who.int)
  • There are no cholera vaccination requirements for entry or exit in any Latin American country or the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Note that the World Health Organization announced in 1991 that Cholera vaccination certificates are no longer required for entry by any country or territory. (iamat.org)
Africa4
  • But cholera still exists in Africa, Southeast Asia and Haiti. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Cholera cases are on the rise in eastern and southern Africa, leaving 28.4 million people in need across 11 countries. (unicefusa.org)
  • Health authorities in northern South Africa said the Limpopo River, a major waterway and border with Zimbabwe, had tested positive for cholera this week. (aljazeera.com)
  • The organization's Southern Africa director Tiseke Kasambala said the conditions that allowed cholera to flourish in 2008 were still persisting in Harare thus placing the lives of many at risk of water-borne diseases. (globaltimes.cn)
Haiti9
  • Was the spread of cholera in Haiti an unfortunate accident, or is there more to the picture? (activistpost.com)
  • Health care workers at a clinic in Haiti are still seeing 10 to 15 new cases of cholera more than a month after Hurricane Matthew devastated the area. (futurity.org)
  • Cholera has been in Haiti for six years now. (futurity.org)
  • Partial assessment of cholera in Haiti according to data from the Department of Epidemiology, Laboratories and Research of the Ministry of Public Health and Population (MSPP). (haitilibre.com)
  • In Haiti in 2011, pregnant women with clinical signs of cholera who sought treatment from Médecins Sans Frontières, or MSF, in Port- au-Prince, were sent to a general cholera treatment center, or CTC. (cdc.gov)
  • Haiti has not had a documented case of cholera since the 1960s, the conditions in the lower Artibonite placed the region at high-risk for epidemics of cholera and other water-borne diseases even before the January 12 earthquake. (greenleft.org.au)
  • Photo by Kendra Helmer/USAID: Doctor treating patients at a Cholera Treatment Center in the Artibonite department of Haiti. (cdc.gov)
  • But the tens of thousands of cases and many deaths from cholera in Haiti have certainly gotten the world's attention. (cdc.gov)
  • Learn more about Cholera in Haiti . (cdc.gov)
Area with active cholera1
Bacteria that cause cholera2
  • The bacteria that cause cholera grab genes from other organisms in a particularly predatory way, new research finds. (livescience.com)
  • PŪR is a powder that when mixed with even the filthiest water, removes pollutants, viruses and bacteria - including bacteria that cause cholera. (americares.org)
Persons infected with the cholera1
Country's2
  • Lilongwe, Malawi's capital city and one of the country's cholera epicenters, has a case fatality rate of 5.9 percent. (unicefusa.org)
  • The country's 29 health districts reported cholera cases since the confirmation of the first case in March 2022. (africanews.com)
Recent cases of cholera1
  • Most recent cases of cholera in the United States have been traced to seafood from the Gulf of Mexico. (mayoclinic.org)
Cramps1
Diarrheal illness1
  • Worldwide, dehydration secondary to diarrheal illness is the leading cause of infant and child mortality. (medscape.com)
Cause severe1
World Health Organ1
  • It's worth noting that the disease has spread across the entire country - the World Health Organization says that suspected cholera cases have been detected in 21 of the 23 governorates. (kcur.org)
Water28
Active cholera transmission1
  • Health care providers can use these guidelines to develop the pretravel consultation for persons traveling to areas with active cholera transmission. (nih.gov)
Cases13
  • Most cases of cholera that cause symptoms cause mild or moderate diarrhea that's often hard to tell apart from diarrhea caused by other problems. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Still, cases of cholera occur throughout the world. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The symptoms include dizziness, dehydration, pale skin, and loss of consciousness in severe cases. (news-medical.net)
  • In 2018, 499 447 cholera cases and 2990 deaths resulting from cholera worldwide were reported to WHO. (who.int)
  • African Region where there was a 37% decrease in cholera cases and a 25% decrease in cholera deaths when compared with 2017 figures. (who.int)
  • In South Sudan, no cholera cases have been reported since the final weeks of 2017. (who.int)
  • If we want to eliminate cholera, we need to be able to count cases accurately, and this need is what motivated our study," Azman says. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The latter provided 1,569 blood test results, which included measures of different sets of anti-cholera antibodies from local cholera cases and uninfected contacts. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • In some cases, cholera causes severe dehydration and death within only a few hours. (nd.edu)
  • The condition is commonly seen in cases of pediatric dehydration caused by diarrhea. (news-medical.net)
  • Hypernatremic and hyponatremic dehydration each comprise 5-10% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Researchers have estimated that every year, there are 1.3 to 4.0 million cases, and 21 000 to 143 000 deaths worldwide due to cholera. (who.int)
  • Latin American countries that have not yet reported cases are still at risk for cholera in the coming months and years. (cdc.gov)
Deaths3
  • Cholera continues to affect an estimated 3-5 million people worldwide and causes 28,800-130,000 deaths a year. (wikipedia.org)
  • These data show that the overall objective of the Global Task Force on Cholera Control's strategy, Ending Cholera: A Global Roadmap to 20302 - a 90% reduction in the number of deaths resulting from cholera and elimination of cholera in 20 of the 47 countries currently affected by 2030 - is achievable and on track. (who.int)
  • Diarrheal illnesses with subsequent dehydration account for nearly 4 million deaths per year in infants and children. (medscape.com)
Illness1
Moderate3
  • The other is for treating patients with oral fluids for moderate dehydration. (futurity.org)
  • In unadjusted analysis, postadmission fetal death was associated with moderate dehydration and vomiting. (cdc.gov)
  • It occasionally causes symptoms severe enough to lead to moderate or severe dehydration-a very serious condition if the patient is not rehydrated immediately. (cdc.gov)
Causes of dehydration2
Rapid8
  • Dehydration can lead to a rapid loss of minerals in your blood that maintain the balance of fluids in your body. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Cholera can be diagnosed by a stool test, or a rapid dipstick test, although the dipstick test is less accurate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blood pressure drops due to dehydration, peripheral pulse is rapid and thready, and urine output decreases with time. (wikipedia.org)
  • The danger of cholera is rapid dehydration, which can lead to death. (webmd.com)
  • It causes severe diarrhea and vomiting that can lead to rapid dehydration and death. (ibtimes.com)
  • In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. (cdc.gov)
  • It could also lead to rapid dehydration and subsequent death if the infected person did not get immediate medical attention. (khaleejtimes.com)
  • In April 2012, MSF established a CTC to improve fetal outcomes in pregnant women by facilitating intensive follow- up for dehydration and rapid access to obstetric and neonatal services. (cdc.gov)
Hypernatremic dehydration1
Patients11
  • Cholera patients should be evaluated and treated quickly. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximate amount of ORS solution to give in the first 4 hours to patients with some dehydration. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients with severe dehydration, stupor, coma, uncontrollable vomiting, or extreme fatigue that prevents drinking should be rehydrated intravenously. (cdc.gov)
  • According to a press release from the office of the Australian foreign affairs minister, the Daru hospital has been receiving up to 70 patients per day suffering from cholera. (wsws.org)
  • Cholera patients are being left lying in the hospital's corridors and next to non-cholera infected patients. (wsws.org)
  • AmeriCares also delivered IV fluids and solutions that help patients recover from serious dehydration. (americares.org)
  • One of the tents is for treating patients with severe dehydration with IV fluids. (futurity.org)
  • Patients will come into a small triage area and nurse's station where we evaluation them and confirm whether they have cholera. (futurity.org)
  • The cholera treatment tents at Area 25 clinic near Chikanda, Malawi, are filled with patients of all ages - mothers, fathers, children - at various stages of sickness. (unicefusa.org)
  • Patients lie in bed at a cholera treatment center in Harare, Zimbabwe, 2009. (africasacountry.com)
  • Without adequate replacement of volume lost, patients may go into shock and die of dehydration. (greenleft.org.au)
Diseases3
  • So far, the WHO, which is monitoring for diseases in cooperation with Nepal's Ministry of Health, has not received any reports of cholera or other intestinal illnesses in Nepal, Jasarevic said. (ibtimes.com)
  • Such efforts should reduce the prevalence and spread of cholera as well as other diarrhoeal diseases and enteric infections. (who.int)
  • Jalali joins the research group of Sean Moore , Research Assistant Professor of the Department of Biological Sciences in investigating diarrheal diseases such as cholera, which account for the death of over half a million children under the age of five annually. (nd.edu)