AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth Care
X ChromosomeChromosomes, Human, XX Chromosome InactivationChromosomesChromosome MappingDosage Compensation, GeneticSex ChromosomesChromosome BandingRetinal DegenerationMacular DegenerationGenes, X-LinkedNerve DegenerationChromosome AberrationsChromosomes, HumanChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Sex Chromosome AberrationsGenetic LinkageChromosome SegregationChromosome DeletionKaryotypingChromosomes, BacterialChromosomes, Human, Pair 17Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and XIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6Wallerian DegenerationHybrid CellsChromosomes, Human, Pair 21Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9Chromosomes, PlantChromosome PaintingChromosomes, MammalianRNA, Long NoncodingChromosome PairingChromosomes, Human, YChromosomes, FungalChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialGenetic MarkersChromosomes, Human, Pair 2Chromosome DisordersChromosomes, Human, Pair 16Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10Sex ChromatinChromosomes, InsectChromosomes, Human, Pair 13Ring ChromosomesY ChromosomeChromosomes, Human, Pair 4Molecular Sequence DataChromosomes, Artificial, YeastChromosomes, Human, Pair 8Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19Drosophila melanogasterBase SequenceCrosses, GeneticChromosomes, Human, Pair 12Chromosomes, Human, 1-3Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosome InversionMutationChromosome BreakagePedigreeTurner SyndromeChromosomes, Human, Pair 18Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15RNA, UntranslatedChromosomes, Human, 13-15Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14AllelesChromosomes, Human, 16-18MeiosisTranslocation, GeneticPhenotypeChromosomes, Human, Pair 20Intervertebral Disc DegenerationCentromereChromosomes, Human, 21-22 and YRecombination, GeneticDNAAneuploidyHeterozygoteChromosome PositioningMosaicismDrosophilaModels, GeneticChromosomes, Human, 4-5Hypoxanthine PhosphoribosyltransferaseMicrosatellite RepeatsKlinefelter SyndromeGenes, LethalMetaphaseNondisjunction, GeneticLod ScoreEvolution, MolecularGenotypeMitosisWet Macular Degeneration
MacularCorticobasal degenerationRetinal DegenerationParkinsonism linked to chromosome 17LocusFrontotemporal dementiaAutosomal-dominantGenesMutationsLociRecombinationMalesPigment epithelialAmyotrophic lateral sProgressiveSymptomsMutationPairsChemically inducedSyndromeDiseasesSupergeneHuman genomeContains the geneHumansTissuePrematureSpinalLinkageMitosisDefective geneDiseaseAlleleDisruptStevensCorticalEvolutionKaryotypeDefiniteMammalsOnsetRegionsMeSHGenetic diversityCellsInstabilityProteinsDamage
Macular13
Corticobasal degeneration16
  • PBB5 showed specific binding to recombinant K18 tau fibrils by fluorescence assay, to post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain tissue homogenate by competitive binding against [ 11 C]PBB3 and to tau deposits (AT-8 positive) in post-mortem corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy brains. (springer.com)
  • Abnormal cerebral deposition of pathological tau fibrils is a characteristic feature of tauopathy-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
  • Corticobasal ganglionic degeneration (CBGD) or corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a pathological diagnosis in search of a nosological niche. (bmj.com)
  • There have been several well described cases of the clinical corticobasal degeneration syndrome (CBDS) where the pathology turned out to be Pick's disease, or "dementia lacking distinctive histology", or the "motor neuron type of frontotemporal dementia. (bmj.com)
  • Role of the tau gene region chromosome inversion in progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and related disorders. (umassmed.edu)
  • Corticobasal degeneration, otherwise termed as, Corticobasal ganglionic degeneration or CBGD, is a kind of neurodegenerative disorder concerning a certain protein, called tau. (allhealthsite.com)
  • As an added information, a group of physicians led by doctor Rebeiz in the late 1960s first observed the occurrence of corticobasal degeneration in three affected people exhibiting the hallmark characteristics of the disorder. (allhealthsite.com)
  • Corticobasal degeneration is a rather uncommon disease and usually occurs in people in their advanced age, usually in the sixth decade of life. (allhealthsite.com)
  • This multiplication in number is indicative of a more sensitive diagnosis or simply, corticobasal degeneration is more frequently occuring in the present days. (allhealthsite.com)
  • The particular gene of interest that has been the focus of research studies, associated with corticobasal degeneration is the gene in chromosome 17. (allhealthsite.com)
  • Corticobasal degeneration affects both the subcortical as well as the cortical parts of the human brain. (allhealthsite.com)
  • As mentioned above, corticobasal degeneration is characterized by an abnormality called tauopathy. (allhealthsite.com)
  • This distinction is the main factor that sets corticobasal degeneration apart from its similar diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. (allhealthsite.com)
  • Corticobasal degeneration may be categorized into two. (allhealthsite.com)
  • In addition there are four signs and symptoms (both motion and cognitive) that are major characteristics associated with corticobasal degeneration. (allhealthsite.com)
  • Alien hand syndrome is fairly common in people with corticobasal degeneration. (allhealthsite.com)
Retinal Degeneration5
Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 171
  • 3 This concept received a substantial confirmation by the discovery of autosomal dominant families of FTD and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 4 and the numerous underlying tau mutations. (bmj.com)
Locus7
  • The X and Y chromosomes are thought to have evolved from a pair of identical chromosomes, termed autosomes, when an ancestral animal developed an allelic variation, a so-called "sex locus" - simply possessing this allele caused the organism to be male. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dominant theoretical model for the early stages of sex chromosome evolution 3 , 4 , 5 predicts that recombination will be selected against in the region between a sex determining gene and a nearby locus with alleles of sex-specific effect. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, in this system, current models of sex chromosome evolution predict that recombination would be selected against between the sex determining locus and linked loci involved in colouration. (nature.com)
  • In another significant finding, the researchers report that severity of the nmd's disease traits is suppressed by a modifier gene mapped to a locus (Mnm) on mouse Chromosome 13. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Linkage to the mating-type locus across the genus Microbotryum: insights into nonrecombining chromosomes. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Several lines of evidence including disease breed predisposition, studies suggesting heritability of premature intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and association of a dog chromosome 12 (CFA 12) locus with intervertebral disc calcification have strongly supported a genetic component in IVDD in dogs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Adibalapravritta, chromosome at Xp21 locus. (who.int)
Frontotemporal dementia5
  • The presentation of degenerative disease in focal areas of the cerebral cortex is the hallmark of the family of diseases referred to as frontotemporal dementia (also termed frontotemporal lobar degeneration). (medscape.com)
  • Earlier reports of chromosome 9p-linked frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) kindreds observed psychosis as a prominent feature in some patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutation in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 ( C9orf72 ) is a major genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), referred to as C9FTD/ALS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Numerous kindreds with familial frontotemporal dementia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or both have been linked to chromosome 9 (c9FTD/ALS), and an expansion of the GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat in the non-co. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2000 ) Corticobasal ganglionic degeneration and/or frontotemporal dementia? (bmj.com)
Autosomal-dominant1
  • It is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a single defective gene on chromosome 4. (delveinsight.com)
Genes11
  • Genes of the Y chromosome is passed only from male parents to male offsprings over generations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The human Y chromosome carries 693 genes, with 107 of these being protein-coding, but some genes are repeated and that makes the number of exclusive protein-coding genes just 42, the numbers are given for telomere-to-telomere CHM13. (wikipedia.org)
  • All single-copy Y-linked genes are hemizygous (present on only one chromosome) except in cases of aneuploidy such as XYY syndrome or XXYY syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Y chromosomes of humans and other mammals also contain other genes needed for normal sperm production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over time, genes that were beneficial for males and harmful to (or had no effect on) females either developed on the Y chromosome or were acquired through the process of translocation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because it has evolved into what researchers refer to as a "supergene"-a cluster of selfish genes on the same chromosome that are inherited together. (eurekalert.org)
  • Each chromosome contains many genes, the basic physical and functional units of heredity. (jainworld.com)
  • These chromosomes carry heredity factors or genes. (jainworld.com)
  • Chromosomes are pairs and each chromosome contain 1000 or so genes that also occur in pairs. (jainworld.com)
  • In 2005, scientists at the University of Pittsburgh published research in the American Journal of Human Genetics showing a link between Chromosome 10, specifically the LOC387715 and HTRA1 genes, and AMD. (genengnews.com)
  • Genes Chromosomes Cancer. (umassmed.edu)
Mutations7
  • But SD is not forward-looking: preventing recombination has led to SD accumulating many more deleterious mutations compared to normal chromosomes. (eurekalert.org)
  • Without recombination, natural selection can't purge deleterious mutations effectively, so they can accumulate on SD chromosomes," Larracuente says. (eurekalert.org)
  • 2013). IQCB1 and PDE6B mutations cause similar early onset retinal degenerations in two closely related terrier dog breeds. (antagene.com)
  • 2002). Different RPGR exon ORF15 mutations in Canids provide insights into photoreceptor cell degeneration. (antagene.com)
  • In the last decade, a number of diseases associated with tissue degeneration and premature aging have been linked with mutations in lamin A or emerin. (portlandpress.com)
  • Despite highly aberrant nuclear distributions of A-type lamins and emerin in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with emerin or lamin A mutations, little or no change in chromosome location was detected. (portlandpress.com)
  • 90% of cases, mutations that from mutation in the dystrophin gene (located on short disrupt the reading frame (frame shift) lead to arm of X chromosome, Xp21). (who.int)
Loci3
  • This process would shrink the pseudoautosomal region in favour of expanding X- and Y-specific regions, creating a male supergene on the Y chromosome containing multiple colouration loci and thereby resolving sexually antagonistic selection. (nature.com)
  • Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for starch paste viscosity in rice were analyzed using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) developed from the two cultivars 9311 and Nipponbare, which have same Wx-b allele. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic mapping of canine multiple system degeneration and ectodermal dysplasia loci. (genomia.cz)
Recombination5
  • Sex chromosomes evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes. (nature.com)
  • The dominant model of sex chromosome evolution posits that recombination is suppressed between emerging X and Y chromosomes in order to resolve sexual conflict. (nature.com)
  • Sex chromosomes are typically thought to evolve as recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes in one sex. (nature.com)
  • Although we have a detailed understanding of the evolutionary consequences of the loss of recombination for sex chromosome evolution 1 , 2 , we still do not understand the evolutionary forces acting to halt recombination in the first place. (nature.com)
  • Due to their lack of recombination, SD chromosomes have begun to show signs of evolutionary degeneration. (eurekalert.org)
Males2
Pigment epithelial1
  • In the 10 affected family members, ARMD was manifest by the presence of large, soft, confluent drusen accompanied by varying degrees of retinal pigment epithelial degeneration and/or geographic atrophy. (nih.gov)
Amyotrophic lateral s3
  • Hexanucleotide expansion intronic to chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 ( C9ORF72 ) has recently been identified as the most common genetic cause of both familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and of f. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scientists at The Jackson Laboratory have cloned the gene for the mouse mutation known as neuromuscular degeneration, or nmd, an advance that promises to boost research into such devastating neurological diseases in humans as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Similar motor neuron degeneration is implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). (sciencedaily.com)
Progressive6
  • The condition described in the North American literature as primary progressive aphasia and that described in the European literature as frontal dementia have been combined under the term frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTD) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). (medscape.com)
  • The mutation causes severe muscle atrophy due to progressive degeneration of spinal motor neurons, which control the movement of voluntary muscles. (sciencedaily.com)
  • 2006). Linkage disequilibrium mapping in domestic dog breeds narrows the progressive rod-cone degeneration interval and identifies ancestral disease-transmitting chromosome. (antagene.com)
  • 2011). A frameshift mutation in golden retriever dogs with progressive retinal atrophy endorses SLC4A3 as a candidate gene for human retinal degenerations. (antagene.com)
  • The inflammation, which is clinically manifested by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration, can lead to fibrosis of the muscle. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Huntington's disease is a rare, inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain. (delveinsight.com)
Symptoms2
  • The course and symptoms of the canine multiple system degeneration are similar to juvenile Parkinson´s disease in humans that is caused by a gene located in the same regions as the examined gene SERAC1. (genomia.cz)
  • The symptoms of Fragile X syndrome are caused by an abnormality of the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. (msdmanuals.com)
Mutation1
  • The disease is caused by mutation c.128+1_128+4delGTAA in SERAC1gene that is located on the chromosome 1. (genomia.cz)
Pairs5
  • The DNA in the human Y chromosome is composed of about 62 million base pairs, making it similar in size to chromosome 19. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of fake gaps inserted in GRCh38 it may be not obvious that CHM13 added 30 million base pairs into the Y chromosome, which is almost half of it that was unknown before 2022 (and was present in many Genbank samples by mistake unknown that it was Y chromosome base pairs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Stevens proposed that chromosomes always existed in pairs and that the smaller chromosome (now labelled "Y") was the pair of the X chromosome discovered in 1890 by Hermann Henking. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA in the human genome is arranged into 24 distinct chromosomes, physically separate molecules that range in length from about 50 million to 250 million base pairs. (jainworld.com)
  • The DNA in the human Y chromosome is composed of about 59 million base pairs. (iiab.me)
Chemically induced1
  • Studies have also shown that ellagic acid may protect against chromosome damage and reduce the effects of chemically induced hepatic structural degeneration. (nutrimedical.com)
Syndrome6
Diseases2
  • To precisely pinpoint why chromosome numbers are incorrect in some diseases, a clear molecular understanding of how microtubules capture and pull chromosomes apart is essential. (ukri.org)
  • Molecular genetic studies in canine inherited diseases including neonatal cerebellar ataxia, degenerative myelopathy and multiple system degeneration. (genomia.cz)
Supergene1
  • This is the first time anyone has sequenced the whole genomes of SD chromosomes and therefore been able to make inferences about both the history and the genomic consequences of being a supergene," Presgraves says. (eurekalert.org)
Human genome1
Contains the gene2
  • In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the gene SRY, which triggers development of male gonads. (wikipedia.org)
  • Linkage mapping using different populations identified a major QTL in the genomic region that contains the gene Waxy ( Wx ) on chromosome 6. (biomedcentral.com)
Humans2
  • In the early 1920s Theophilus Painter determined that X and Y chromosomes determined sex in humans (and other mammals). (wikipedia.org)
  • A clear molecular understanding of how kinetochores establish chromosome-microtubule attachments will help explain the precise molecular reason for CIN-induced ageing in animals and humans. (ukri.org)
Tissue4
  • We analyzed the chromosome complement of a fibroblast culture and did histological examinations of testicular tissue from a tortoiseshell male cat referred to us. (karger.com)
  • Histological examinations of testis biopsies from this cat showed degeneration of the tubules, hyperplasia of the interstitial tissue, and complete loss of germ cells. (karger.com)
  • Chromosomal instability (CIN) accelerates cellular ageing and tissue degeneration. (ukri.org)
  • Human anatomy tissue as a rule have 46 chromosomes. (sch.id)
Premature4
  • Premature degeneration of the intervertebral disc and its association with specific chondrodystrophic dog breeds has been recognized for over a century. (frontiersin.org)
  • premature degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) in chondrodystrophic dog breeds provides a quintessential example of this dilemma. (frontiersin.org)
  • Extreme differences in limb length define many of the dog breeds around the world, and the association between specific "short-legged" breeds and premature intervertebral disc degeneration has been documented since the early twentieth century [referenced in ( 4 , 5 )] Skeletal dysplasia is a general term describing abnormalities of growth and development of cartilage and/or bone and associated alterations in stature ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Errors in chromosome-microtubule attachment can result in the loss or gain of chromosomes, leading to irregular chromosome numbers in cells - a hallmark of animal and human infertility and several premature ageing syndromes. (ukri.org)
Spinal2
  • Spinal muscular atrophy, also characterized by degeneration of motor cells in the spinal cord and brain, is the second most common neuromuscular disorder of childhood, after Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They result from the degeneration of pathways between the spinal cord and cerebellum. (bcm.edu)
Linkage4
  • We show that although the nascent Y chromosome encompasses nearly half of the linkage group, there has been no perceptible degradation of Y chromosome gene content or activity. (nature.com)
  • Linkage to chromosome 9 replicates findings from two other groups. (arvojournals.org)
  • We have previously identified linkage to chromosomes 14 and 16 by using ordered subsets analysis (OSA) to stratify a microsatellite genome scan by clinical measures including intraocular pressure, systolic blood pressure and body mass index. (arvojournals.org)
  • In addition, this new genome scan identifies novel linkage peaks with multipoint lod scores greater than 1.0 on chromosomes 3, 6, 13, and 22. (arvojournals.org)
Mitosis3
  • All chromosomes normally appear as an amorphous blob under the microscope and only take on a well-defined shape during mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is entirely coincidental that the Y chromosome, during mitosis, has two very short branches which can look merged under the microscope and appear as the descender of a Y-shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • How are mono-oriented chromosome-microtubule attachments protected to prevent errors in mitosis and associated cellular ageing? (ukri.org)
Defective gene1
  • The Neuron paper reports that the defective gene (designated Smbp2) in the neuromuscular disease mice encodes a DNA-binding protein (SMBP2, or immunoglobulin S-mu binding protein-2) on chromosome 19. (sciencedaily.com)
Disease7
  • The selective degeneration of motor neurons in this model and the dramatic effect that the single Mnm modifier gene has on the onset and progression of disease in the nmd mouse suggest that targets for intervention in motor neuron disease exist that can be manipulated to alter disease progression," Dr. Cox said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • 1 The inherited X-chromosome-linked disease is characterized by inflammation presented at birth or shortly after. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, which causes degeneration of the peripheral nerves, is an example of a CNV disorder for which a duplication of a specific region in chromosome 17 is the most common cause. (ashg.org)
  • The particular disease is caused by a missing gene on the X chromosome. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • It was originally described as corticodentatonigral degeneration by Rebeiz et al , 1 who recognised its relation to Pick's disease because of the focal cortical atrophy and the ballooned neurons (Pick cells). (bmj.com)
  • Multiple System degeneration in dogs (CMSD) is a genetic disease inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. (genomia.cz)
  • Clinical Relevance: Identification of genetic RCD susceptibility markers can guide understanding of biological processes in rotator cuff degeneration and help inform disease risk in the clinical setting. (cdc.gov)
Allele2
  • The chromosome with this allele became the Y chromosome, while the other member of the pair became the X chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results are published in a research paper, "Identification of the mouse neuromuscular degeneration gene and mapping of a second site suppressor allele," in the December 1998 issue of the scientific journal Neuron. (sciencedaily.com)
Disrupt1
  • Astrin mutants that disrupt chromosome-microtubule attachment and chromosome segregation accuracy or timing will be studied for the extent to which they promote cellular ageing, either immediately (within hours) or in the long-term (in days), by tracking markers for stress, DNA damage and repair. (ukri.org)
Stevens2
  • The Y chromosome was identified as a sex-determining chromosome by Nettie Stevens at Bryn Mawr College in 1905 during a study of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stevens named the chromosome "Y" simply to follow on from Henking's "X" alphabetically. (iiab.me)
Cortical1
  • A significantly higher epsi2 frequency in our FTD material compared to AD and normals might also indicate a connection with the distribution of cortical degeneration. (lu.se)
Evolution1
  • These results provide empirical support for longstanding models of sex chromosome catalysis, and suggest an important role for sexual selection and sexual conflict in genome evolution. (nature.com)
Karyotype1
Definite1
Mammals4
Onset2
  • Subacute onset of ataxia is usually seen in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. (bcm.edu)
  • The involvement of chromosome 19 in AD has been associated with apoliprotein E (ApoE) and the epsi4 gene frequency has been related to increased risk and early onset of AD. (lu.se)
Regions2
  • Degeneration of the nonrecombining regions in the mating-type chromosomes of the anther-smut fungi. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Second, the regions of Astrin essential for HEC1 or PP1 interaction will be determined, and mutants of Astrin that cannot bind to HEC1 or PP1 will be expressed in cells to study how Astrin senses attachments and how cells schedule Astrin-PP1 interaction to ensure the accurate segregation of chromosomes. (ukri.org)
MeSH1
  • Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
Genetic diversity1
  • In a paper published in the journal eLife , the researchers report that SD has caused dramatic changes in chromosome organization and genetic diversity. (eurekalert.org)
Cells7
  • Division of the chromosomes and formation of the first daughter cells? (evolutionnews.org)
  • Researchers have long discovered that the shortening of telomeres is responsible for the aging-related degeneration of cells . (naturalnews.com)
  • Gene-poor human chromosomes are reproducibly found at the nuclear periphery in proliferating cells. (portlandpress.com)
  • This means that determining how Astrin-HEC1 and Astrin-PP1 interactions are controlled will unravel how cells ensure proper chromosome-microtubule attachments and prevent chromosome missegregation. (ukri.org)
  • This project builds on the Draviam group's recent success in establishing a new paradigm for how cells ensure proper chromosome-microtubule attachment. (ukri.org)
  • It is characterized by degeneration of neurons in one of the midbrain region and loss of cerebellar cells. (genomia.cz)
  • Chromosomes, which are present in the fresh new nucleus away from peoples cells, bring new hereditary recommendations for each and every individual. (sch.id)
Instability1
  • Extreme chromosome 17 copy number instability is a prognostic factor in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: A retrospective cohort study. (umassmed.edu)
Proteins2
  • There are a number of inner nuclear envelope proteins that may have roles in chromosome location and anchorage, e.g. emerin and A-type lamins. (portlandpress.com)
  • Chromosome-microtubule attachment is mediated by a macromolecular structure - the kinetochore - made of nearly 100 proteins. (ukri.org)
Damage2
  • Telomeres refer to the repetitive sequences found at the end of human chromosomes that protect them from damage. (naturalnews.com)
  • Damage or degeneration in the back part of the brain called the cerebellum results in ataxia. (bcm.edu)