CorticalContrast sensitivitySensoryEvoked potentialsStimuliSynapticPerceptualDevelopmentalNeuralMultisensoryBrightnessCortexAuditoryInhibitionConsistentPathwaysDiagnosisAcuteNeurologicalStructural lesionsTemporalDisorderNeuronsCharacteristicOnsetRecognitionMechanismsFunctionalLightEvidenceResponseFieldExaminationPatientsFunctionSpecificClinicalEffectsMovementSystemSocialFoundPeopleImproveAreaStudies
Cortical6
- Motion perception is an important visual function and occurs from the earliest stages of cortical visual processing, with individual neurons being tuned to a preferred direction of motion. (wikipedia.org)
- The cortical area MT (medial temporal cortex, also known as V5) plays a significant role in motion processing, and deactivation of this region using Transcranial magnetic stimulation can affect perception of motion. (wikipedia.org)
- Precision-Tinted Spectral Filters Reduce TBI-Related Migraines and visual cortical sensitivity. (irlen.com)
- Through this line of enquiry it however followed that visual snow could be the result of a cortical hyperexcitability Most simply viewed as too much excitation, or not enough inhibition in the brain. (visualsnowman.com)
- The latter is manifested in hypersensitivity to visual stimuli, measured with questionnaires and sensory thresholds, as well as in abnormal cortical excitability and a lack of habituation, assessed with visual evoked potentials elicited by pattern-reversal stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here, the goal was to determine whether factors such as age and/or disease severity may exert a modulatory influence on sensory sensitivity, cortical excitability, and habituation. (biomedcentral.com)
Contrast sensitivity3
- Perception of contrast is affected by the temporal frequency and spatial frequency properties of a stimulus, and the sensitivity to contrast in sine wave stimuli is characterized by the contrast sensitivity function. (wikipedia.org)
- Contrast sensitivity has been shown to be impaired in schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
- Abnormal contrast sensitivity and color vision are present in almost all adults with ON even in the absence of a measurable decrease in visual acuity. (medscape.com)
Sensory10
- Effect of Induced Visual Fatigue on Sensory Ocular Dominance and the Effect of Colored Filters on the Levels of Visual Fatigue in Dyslexic Adults with MIS. (irlen.com)
- Developmental versus sensory deficit effects on perceptual processing in the reading disabled. (irlen.com)
- Sensory sensitivity was assessed with the Sensory Perception Quotient and group comparisons were carried out. (biomedcentral.com)
- In both experiments, patients reported increased visual hypersensitivity on the Sensory Perception Quotient as compared to controls. (biomedcentral.com)
- One of the questionnaires used to assess sensory sensitivity is the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ), which evaluates a variety of visual parameters and has been used in both healthy and clinical populations [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- These findings contribute to a better understanding of basic sensory processing differences, which may be critical for understanding more complex social and cognitive deficits in ASD, and ultimately may contribute to more effective diagnostic and interventional strategies. (frontiersin.org)
- Reports of abnormal sensory function that span the visual, auditory, gustatory, and tactile domains reinforce the "multisensory" nature of sensory processing alterations in ASD (for review, see Rogers and Ozonoff, 2005 ), and emerging evidence suggests that abnormalities also extend to the selective integration of information across the different sensory modalities (i.e., multisensory integration - see Iarocci and McDonald, 2006 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Although evidence for deficits in sensory (and multisensory) processing is abundant in the ASD literature, there are also a number of reports detailing enhanced perceptual capabilities in response to specific sensory stimuli. (frontiersin.org)
- Visual motion drives smooth pursuit eye movements through a sensory-motor decoder that uses multiple parallel neural pathways to transform the population response in extrastriate area MT into movement. (bvsalud.org)
- Posterior portion of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES responsible for processing visual sensory information. (lookformedical.com)
Evoked potentials5
- We obtained pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials and calculated the N1-P1 Peak-to-Peak amplitude. (biomedcentral.com)
- Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can be considered in patients in whom a diagnosis of ON is suspected. (medscape.com)
- Visual evoked potentials may be abnormal even when visual acuity is normal and when MRI of the optic nerve reveals no abnormalities. (medscape.com)
- Visual evoked potentials often show a loss of P100 response in the acute phase. (medscape.com)
- Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are an important means of evaluating patients with suspected ON. (medscape.com)
Stimuli4
- Contrast is a feature of visual stimuli that characterizes the difference in brightness between dark and light regions of an image. (wikipedia.org)
- medical citation needed] Results from pharmacological studies in cats have demonstrated the role of NMDA in contrast perception of magnocellular-tuned stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
- ANOVA results revealed that only the music training group showed a significant improvement in detection of audio-visual temporal discrepancies compared to the other groups for both stimuli (flash-beep and face-voice). (nature.com)
- Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (lookformedical.com)
Synaptic2
- We argue that these alterations are responsible for the perturbations in light sensitivity and synaptic transmission. (jneurosci.org)
- The lower Ca 2+ affinity is expected to perturb cone function in terms of light sensitivity and synaptic transmission, consistent with the sisters' visual deficits. (jneurosci.org)
Perceptual4
- Further, the magnitude of this perceptual suppression effect has been shown to correlate with the concentration of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, in the visual cortex. (wikipedia.org)
- Subjects with schizophrenia have shown abnormalities in perceptual judgments of motion, speed and direction, with deficits in these judgments generally being reported. (wikipedia.org)
- Inhibition of motion perception by the addition of a surround stimulus has also been examined in schizophrenia, with one group finding evidence both of impaired motion perception and weaker perceptual suppression effects in schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
- Visual-perceptual difficulties and the impact on children's learning: are teachers missing the page? (irlen.com)
Developmental1
- Light sensitivity and some pervasive developmental disorders: autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder. (irlen.com)
Neural4
- Application of drugs that deactivate this glutamate receptor type led to reduced neural responses in the visual system of cats, and some argue this suppression is similar to the reduced behavioral responses observed among people with schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
- These results may illustrate the role of GABA in mechanisms that regulate the overall level of neural activity in visual cortex, and it has been suggested that such mechanisms may be disrupted in schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
- Such a disruption would be consistent with the GABA hypothesis of schizophrenia, which states that dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition may disrupt neural activity in subjects with this disorder, and this in turn may lead to visual processing abnormalities. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus, several sources of evidence support the existence of specialized neural "modules" for face perception in extrastriate cortex. (jneurosci.org)
Multisensory2
- In the current study, unisensory temporal acuity was measured by determining individual thresholds on visual and auditory temporal order judgment (TOJ) tasks, and multisensory temporal function was assessed through a cross-modal version of the TOJ task. (frontiersin.org)
- For example, learning to play the piano requires intensive coupling of the visual cues (reading the music scores and monitoring the finger movements) with the auditory cues (the sounds that the piano makes), which results in a multisensory training that can benefit audio-visual processing and enhance the ability to use this information. (nature.com)
Brightness2
- [ 1 ] although permanent residual deficits in color vision and contrast and brightness sensitivity are common. (medscape.com)
- A gradual recovery of visual acuity with time is characteristic of ON,[22] although permanent residual deficits in color vision and contrast and brightness sensitivity are common. (medscape.com)
Cortex1
- The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways. (lookformedical.com)
Auditory1
- Whereas no differences in thresholds for the visual TOJ task were seen between children with ASD and TD, thresholds were higher in ASD on the auditory TOJ task, providing preliminary evidence for impairment in auditory temporal processing. (frontiersin.org)
Inhibition2
- The balance of inhibition to excitation is important for proper visual function and behaviour . (visualsnowman.com)
- morphine inhibits GABA release ( GABA is specifically responsible for stimulus selectivity and the inhibition of visual neurons ). (visualsnowman.com)
Consistent1
- However, another recent report has disputed this finding, instead showing evidence consistent with stronger surround influence on motion perception in schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
Pathways3
- An imbalance of the magnocellular-parvocellular-koniocellular pathways has also been suggested to contribute to symptoms of visual snow. (visualsnowman.com)
- Imbalances, deficits and timing delays in these pathways are debated for their exact role and nature in many neurological conditions including Parkinson's , schizophrenia , migraine , dyslexia , autism, and Alzheimer's . (visualsnowman.com)
- Area of the OCCIPITAL LOBE concerned with the processing of visual information relayed via VISUAL PATHWAYS. (lookformedical.com)
Diagnosis2
- Furthermore, aside from the presence of ictal photophobia as a criterion for the diagnosis of migraine [ 5 ] visual alterations have also been reported interictally. (biomedcentral.com)
- Retrospective studies in multiple nations have shown delays of greater than 5 years between the onset of symptoms and the correct diagnosis ( 3 - 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Acute1
- 18,19] Photophobia is one the most common symptoms in both acute and chronic phases of concussion. (researchgate.net)
Neurological1
- There was no ocular pain on eye movement, headache, or other neurological symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
Structural lesions1
- Patients presented with visual field loss or cranial neuropathies require evaluation for structural lesions. (researchgate.net)
Temporal2
- Music involves different senses and is emotional in nature, and musicians show enhanced detection of audio-visual temporal discrepancies and emotion recognition compared to non-musicians. (nature.com)
- Measures of audio-visual temporal discrepancy, facial expression recognition, autistic traits, depression, anxiety, stress and mood were completed and compared from the beginning to end of training. (nature.com)
Disorder3
- It has been suggested that these findings are related to the aforementioned magnocellular deficit purported to exist in this disorder. (wikipedia.org)
- In visual snow research, initial connections were made with hallucinogen perception persisting disorder (HPPD) and migraine, although it was later found to be distinct from both of these conditions. (visualsnowman.com)
- Herein, a family cohort all with bipolar disorder is described and their symptoms correlated with findings on the individual SPECT brain scans. (frontiersin.org)
Neurons1
- Psychophysical and electroretinographic analyses show that the light sensitivity of the cone system is lowered, and the signal transfer from cones to secondary neurons is perturbed. (jneurosci.org)
Characteristic1
- Because those patients retain some cone function, we reasoned that mutant alleles encode functional channel subunits that alter the human cone visual pathway in characteristic ways. (jneurosci.org)
Onset2
- Visual function begins to improve 1 to several weeks after onset, even without any treatment. (medscape.com)
- The left eye was affected within 3 months of the onset of the right eye visual loss. (biomedcentral.com)
Recognition1
- There is evidence that schizophrenia affects perception of contrast and motion, control of eye movements, detection of visual contours, and recognition of faces or facial expressions. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanisms1
- Individual model components are based on psychophysically uncovered mechanisms of visual attention and saccadic decision-making. (bvsalud.org)
Functional1
- On in vitro expression, only A3 T369S forms functional channels that display altered ion permeation, gating, ligand sensitivity, and low apparent affinity for extracellular Ca 2+ . (jneurosci.org)
Light3
- Examination revealed that he only had perception to light in both eyes, associated with optic atrophy on funduscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
- While light therapy applied in the daytime is known to have anti-depressive properties, excessive light exposure at night has been reportedly associated with depressive symptoms. (researchgate.net)
- Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity. (lookformedical.com)
Evidence4
- There is evidence that these impairments may be more severe among people with predominantly negative symptoms, or those who are not medicated. (wikipedia.org)
- Skottun and colleagues dispute the magnocellular deficit theory however, saying that there is not enough evidence from different research groups to support it, and that the experiments focused on this topic have shown very mixed results. (wikipedia.org)
- This RCT study provides the first evidence of a causal effect of music training on improved audio-visual perception that goes beyond the music domain. (nature.com)
- Increasing evidence suggests, however, that visual attention does not select locations with high saliency but operates on attentional units given by the objects in the scene. (bvsalud.org)
Response2
- Our strategy was to determine how reduced dot coherence changes the population response in MT. We then predicted the properties of a decoder that transforms the MT population response into dot coherence-induced deficits in the initiation of pursuit and steady-state tracking. (bvsalud.org)
- The successful decoder reproduces the measured eye movements by multiplication of 1) the estimate of target speed from the peak of the population response with 2) visual-motor gain based on the amplitude of the population response. (bvsalud.org)
Field2
- Smooth pursuit on the other hand, allows the viewer to track a moving object along its trajectory within the visual field. (wikipedia.org)
- Initially, he had noted a dark spot in the center of his right visual field with color desaturation in the periphery that gradually progressed. (biomedcentral.com)
Examination1
- Purpose of Review Concussion frequently results in visual symptoms, necessitating careful neuro-ophthalmic examination. (researchgate.net)
Patients1
- In addition, patients are often initially treated with antidepressants or stimulants ( 5 , 9 - 11 ), which can lead to exacerbation of symptoms, manic episodes, and a worsening of the course of the illness. (frontiersin.org)
Function3
- Visual processing abnormalities in schizophrenia are commonly found, and contribute to poor social function. (wikipedia.org)
- Our data allow us to reject alternative accounts of the function of the fusiform face area (area "FF") that appeal to visual attention, subordinate-level classification, or general processing of any animate or human forms, demonstrating that this region is selectively involved in the perception of faces. (jneurosci.org)
- Brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) neuroimaging reveals visual correlates of brain function. (frontiersin.org)
Specific2
- Butler and colleagues[medical citation needed] have proposed that people with schizophrenia may have a specific deficit in the magnocellular visual processing pathway, and electroencephalography (EEG) data have been presented that may support this view. (wikipedia.org)
- Dyslexia: A specific recoding deficit? (irlen.com)
Clinical1
- The present review focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, examinations, management, and future directions regarding visual disturbances after concussion. (researchgate.net)
Effects1
- How could opioid effects contribute to visual snow in theory, and why have they been looked over in practice? (visualsnowman.com)
Movement1
- Deficits in eye movement behavior among people with schizophrenia have been reported since the beginning of the 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
System1
- Opioid receptors are found throughout the visual system , and opioids can also cause significant changes to vision. (visualsnowman.com)
Social2
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by deficits in social reciprocity and communication, as well as by repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. (frontiersin.org)
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by deficits in social reciprocity, communication, and behavioral flexibility that emerge in the first few years of life ( American Psychiatric Association, 2000 ). (frontiersin.org)
Found1
- 8 , 17 found that pianists and drummers have significantly narrower ASW for audio-visual piano and drumming clips respectively. (nature.com)
People1
- Coloured overlays improve reading performance in people suffering from visual stress. (irlen.com)
Improve1
- Removing Beta-Casomorphin 7 from your diet to improve Visual Snow? (visualsnowman.com)
Area1
- The specificity of many visual processing abnormalities in schizophrenia is still an area of active debate within the scientific community. (wikipedia.org)
Studies1
- Studies have previously mentioned opioids as a potential cause of visual snow but what are opioids really? (visualsnowman.com)