• Mobilized pluripotent MSCs from the subchondral bone migrate into the defect filled with the clot, differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and form a repair tissue over time. (hindawi.com)
  • In contrast to the cost- and labor-intensive cultivation and propagation of cells such as MSCs or articular chondrocytes, the clinical use of "minimally processed" autologous BMA that can be prepared in the operation room as a single-step procedure appears straightforward. (hindawi.com)
  • Introduction: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)/CCN2 is a unique growth factor that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation, but not hypertrophy, of articular chondrocytes in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Results: In the MIA-induced OA model, quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays showed a significant increase in the level of CTGF/CCN2 mRNA, and immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization revealed that the clustered chondrocytes, in which clustering indicates an attempt to repair the damaged cartilage, produced CTGF/CCN2. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The results of the study confirmed the ability of chondrocytes to migrate outside of the cadaveric cartilage explant tissue and into the porous structure of the Agili-C™ scaffold and fill its entire volume with newly formed extracellular matrix (ECM) enriched in hyaline cartilage components, such as collagen type II and aggrecan, and lacking collagen type I. (cartiheal.com)
  • Autologous chondrocytes implantation and osteochondral autograft transplantation are limited by scarce cartilage production, low proliferative capacity of chondrocytes, chondrocyte de-differentiation and complications due to donor site morbidity 5 . (nature.com)
  • That joint preservation technology developed at USC is a therapeutic bio-implant, called Plurocart, composed of a scaffold membrane seeded with stem cell-derived chondrocytes-the cells responsible for producing and maintaining healthy articular cartilage tissue. (scienceblog.com)
  • Evseenko said molecular characterization studies showed the bio-implant mimicked natural articular cartilage, with more than 95 percent of implanted cells being identified as articular chondrocytes. (scienceblog.com)
  • Currently, the only FDA-approved cell-based therapy for cartilage defects involves autologous chondrocyte implantation: chondrocytes harvested from low-contact areas are expanded in vitro and then re-injected directly into the damaged site 1 . (nature.com)
  • Cartilage is the slippery "anatomical Teflon" secreted by specialised cells called chondrocytes. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • This was treated with enzymes to release the cartilage-producing chondrocytes which were then incubated in a culture vessel containing a suitable growth medium for fourteen days to increase their numbers. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Long-term repair of porcine articular cartilage using cryopreservable, clinically compatible human embryonic stem cell-derived chondrocytes. (ca.gov)
  • Mapping molecular landmarks of human skeletal ontogeny and pluripotent stem cell-derived articular chondrocytes. (ca.gov)
  • Rabbit articular chondrocytes were then seeded on three different HAM substrates: the epithelial side of intact HAM (IHE), basement side of denuded HAM (DHB), and stromal side of denuded HAM (DHS). (nih.gov)
  • Based on this data, the DHS with chondrocytes was used to cover rabbit osteochondral defect with the stromal side facing in. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, the relative expression level of lncRNA GAS5 in cartilage tissue and chondrocytes was detected using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Western blot analysis was used to detect protein expression levels of MMP‑9, MMP‑13, TIMP‑1, TIMP‑3 and type II collagen in cartilage tissue and chondrocytes. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To conclude, the present study provides evidence that ABPS can inhibit the expression of lncRNA GAS5 in chondrocytes to regulate the homeostasis of ECM, which in turn may delay the occurrence of cartilage degeneration during OA. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Xu XX, Zhang XH, Diao Y and Huang YX: Achyranthes bidentate saponins protect rat articular chondrocytes against interleukin-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The particular nature of hyaline articular cartilage, including the avascular nature and the low number of chondrocytes and stem cells in the surrounding cartilage lesions, results in limited potential to reconstruct osteochondral defects through a self-healing process ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Articular cartilage is mainly composed of chondrocytes and dense extracellular matrix (ECM) without blood vessels or innervation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Strategies for IGF delivery to chondrocytes and cartilage matrix are essential for its clinical application in OA treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When cartilage is damaged, MSCs derived from synovial fluid can partially move to the injured site and differentiate into chondrocytes to repair the defect, and IGF-1 induces chondrogenic differentiation [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is 95% water and extracellular cartilage matrix and only 5% chondrocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Inflammatory mediators trigger an inflammatory cycle that further stimulates the chondrocytes and synovial lining cells, eventually breaking down the cartilage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, acute traumatic osteochondral lesions or surgically created lesions extending into subchondral bone, e.g. by Pridie drilling, spongialization abrasion or microfracture causing the release of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow, may heal with repair tissue consisting of fibrous tissue, fibrocartilage or hyaline-like cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
  • KFAR SABA, Israel, Nov. 6, 2018 /PRNewswire/ - CartiHeal, developer of Agili-C™, a proprietary implant for the treatment of joint surface lesions, announced today the publication of a study demonstrating that the Agili-C™ implant promotes the regenerative capacity of articular cartilage defects in human cadaveric ex-vivo model. (cartiheal.com)
  • In some patients joint degeneration starts with posttraumatic focal lesions, which are lesions in the articular (joint) cartilage ranging from 1 to 8 cm 2 in diameter," Evseenko said. (scienceblog.com)
  • The articular surfaces are most often normal or show minimal chondromalacia, and Hill-Sachs impaction type lesions are quite atypical. (medscape.com)
  • Our group of scientists and clinicians has been continuously funded by the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) to develop a first-in class pluripotent stem cell-based therapy for focal articular cartilage lesions. (ca.gov)
  • The work described in this proposal is designed to produce a universal treatment for articular cartilage lesions. (ca.gov)
  • Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested for use in the cell-based treatment of cartilage lesions. (researchgate.net)
  • Moreover, to produce acceptable structural and functional repair, all three kinds of tissues involved in osteochondral lesions, including subchondral bone, the osteochondral interface and articular cartilage, need to be reconstructed simultaneously ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 2006. "Articular cartilage paste grafting to full-thickness articular cartilage knee joint lesions: a 2- to 12-year follow-up. (stoneclinic.com)
  • The characteristic lesions are intra-articular, are hemimelic (involving only half of the joint), have a predilection for the lower extremity, and may be single or multiple. (medscape.com)
  • Over time, they form a fibrocartilaginous repair tissue in the defect and close the connection with the subchondral bone. (hindawi.com)
  • The quality of the repair tissue after these "bone marrow stimulating techniques" depends on various factors including the species and age of the individual, the size and localization of the articular cartilage defect, the surgical technique, e.g., how the subchondral bone plate is treated, and the postoperative rehabilitation protocol. (wikipedia.org)
  • To model a chondral defect, donut-shaped cartilage explants were prepared from each tissue specimen. (cartiheal.com)
  • Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with low potential for self-repair. (nature.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) support chondrogenic differentiation and are an attractive cell source for cartilage tissue engineering. (nature.com)
  • This is the first time an orthopaedic implant composed of a living cell type was able to fully integrate in the damaged articular cartilage tissue and survive in vivo for up to six months," Evseenko said. (scienceblog.com)
  • The cartilage tissue generated was also biomechanically functional-both strong enough to withstand compression and elastic enough to accommodate movement without breaking. (scienceblog.com)
  • Nasal chondrocyte-based engineered autologous cartilage tissue for repair of articular cartilage defects: an observational. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • The applied cartilage surface processing method allows acceptable osteochondral integration, and the repair tissue appears to have good macroscopic and histologic characteristics. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Orth, P., *Eldracher, M., Cucchiarini, M., Madry, H. Small diameter subchondral drilling improves DNA and proteoglycan contents of the cartilaginous repair tissue in a large animal model of a full-thickness chondral defect Journal of Clinical Medicine , 2020, 18;9(6):E1903. (uniklinikum-saarland.de)
  • The tough yet elastic tissue that covers the ends of bones in the knee is called articular cartilage. (sportsmedicineweekly.com)
  • Aided by a small camera, surgeons can locate damaged tissue and trim away areas of torn cartilage. (sportsmedicineweekly.com)
  • This paper reclaims the term "mechanotherapy" and presents the current scientific knowledge underpinning how load may be used therapeutically to stimulate tissue repair and remodelling in tendon, muscle, cartilage and bone. (bmj.com)
  • 1 - 4 But what happens at the tissue level to promote repair and remodelling of tendon, muscle, articular cartilage and bone? (bmj.com)
  • Thereafter, these bioactive scaffolds were implanted into osteochondral defects surgically created in rabbits to assess their effects on tissue repair using micro‑CT scanning, histological observations and the evaluation scoring method for cartilage repair established by the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The application of L‑PRF and F‑PRF for osteochondral defects in rabbits contributed to massive host remodeling and reconstruction of osteochondral tissues, thus offering a prospective bioactive scaffold for the simultaneous reconstruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone tissue. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Articular cartilage thin shell grafting holds the promise of using donor cartilage tissue loaded with patient stem cells to replace extensively or totally destroyed articular cartilage surface. (stoneclinic.com)
  • It constitutes a fibrous connective tissue sheath that surrounds the outer cortical surface of bone, except at joints, where bone is lined by articular cartilage. (medscape.com)
  • The trigger of osteoarthritis is most often unknown, but osteoarthritis sometimes begins with tissue damage from mechanical injury (eg, torn meniscus), transmission of inflammatory mediators from the synovium into cartilage, or defects in cartilage metabolism. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A couple of physicians are promoting an alternative treatment implanting autologous mesenchymal stem cells directly into the cartilage defect, without having to penetrate the subchondral bone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pure cartilage graft implantation appears to be a simple option, but it has not been applied widely as cartilage will not reattach easily to the subchondral bone. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Histopathological changes in cartilage and subchondral bone were evaluated by hematoxylin‑eosin staining and Safranin O‑fast green staining. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • At 16 weeks after implantation surgery, full‑thickness osteochondral defects with a diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 4 mm were well‑filled with newly regenerated tissues, exhibiting the simultaneous regeneration of avascular articular cartilage and well‑vascularized subchondral bone, as proven through macroscopic and microscopic observations in PRF‑treated groups compared with that in the untreated group. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Obesity triggers some of these defects in cartilage metabolism, leading to cartilage matrix damage and subchondral bone remodel-ing mediated by adipokines, such as leptin and adipsin, and compounded by mechanical factors due to excess weight. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CartiHeal, a privately-held medical device company with headquarters in Israel, develops proprietary implants for the treatment of cartilage and osteochondral defects in traumatic and osteoarthritic joints. (cartiheal.com)
  • Joints were sacrificed at 3 (n = 3) or 6 (n = 4) months for MRI, histological, and gross evaluation of features of biomaterial performance, including integration, cellular infiltration, surrounding matrix quality, and new matrix in the defect. (umn.edu)
  • However, it is being investigated as a tool for monitoring cartilage degeneration, and it can be used for guided injections of joints not easily accessed without imaging. (medscape.com)
  • Defects of both tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints were included. (springer.com)
  • This is because articular cartilage of the type found in joints has a very poor ability to self-repair. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • At present, treatment options for cartligage damage are very limited, ranging from trying to stimulate injured cartilage to regrow by injecting growth-factor and platelet-rich plasma, to grafting pieces of cartilage from other joints or even completely replacing a joint with a prosthesis. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Osteochondral defects caused by degenerative diseases of joints, traumas and inflammation are important issues in clinical practice. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Most osteoarthritis (OA) resulting from degenerative diseases of joints, traumas and inflammation will unavoidably progress to osteochondral defects ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The primary function of articular cartilage is to reduce the friction between joints and make joint movement smooth, soft, and painless [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Assuming exponential decay by incorporating viscous damping improves the prediction of the coefficient of friction in pendulum tests of whole articular joints. (lifespan.org)
  • The equine cervical articular process joints (APJs) are subject to developmental defects, osteochondrosis, fractures and degenerative joint disease. (ivis.org)
  • In osteoarthritis, the cartilage in the joints breaks down. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is vital that we understand the outcomes of our biologic surgical procedures to treat articular cartilage, meniscus cartilage, and the ligaments and tendons. (stoneclinic.com)
  • defects were repaired using various methods including bone marrow stimulation, autologous chondrocyte implantation, and processed chondrograft. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Autologous chondrocyte implantation produced hyalinelike cartilage, although its cellular organization was distinguishable from the surrounding articular cartilage. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Erosions may also be seen at the intra-articular portion of the distal end of the radius or within the carpal bones. (medscape.com)
  • A bone marrow clot forms within the cartilage defect either as a result of marrow stimulation or during the course of the spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects. (hindawi.com)
  • If bone marrow fills a cartilage defect either as a result of marrow stimulation for chondral defects or the course of the spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects, a bone marrow clot forms within the cartilage defect. (hindawi.com)
  • The present study aimed to investigate the effect of lyophilized platelet‑rich fibrin (L‑PRF) on the repair of osteochondral defects in rabbits. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The purpose of this review is to bridge the gap in our understanding between the basic science knowledge on MSCs and BMA and the clinical and technical aspects of marrow stimulation-based cartilage repair by examining available data on the role and mechanisms of MSCs and BMA in osteochondral repair. (hindawi.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a key role in articular cartilage repair. (hindawi.com)
  • They were first isolated from the bone marrow, and the potency of MSCs is currently being employed in the techniques of marrow stimulation for symptomatic small chondral defects. (hindawi.com)
  • In the orthopaedic field, additional application of a bone marrow aspirate (BMA) to the procedure of marrow stimulation has been recently studied, since the bone marrow itself is both a source of MSCs, providing a cell population capable of chondrogenesis and of various growth factors stimulating cartilage repair [ 7 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This systematic review updated the current evidence on MSCs augmentation for chondral procedures in patients with symptomatic chondral defects of the knee. (springer.com)
  • All the clinical studies investigating surgical procedures for chondral defects of the knee augmented with MSCs were accessed. (springer.com)
  • Thus, this systematic review updated the current evidence on MSCs application in chondral defects of the knee. (springer.com)
  • It is a surgical procedure performed to replace the worn-out cartilage and is usually performed to treat small areas of cartilage damage usually caused by sports or traumatic injuries. (drsathu.com.au)
  • Microfracture surgery is an articular cartilage repair surgical technique that works by creating tiny fractures in the underlying bone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unfortunately, cartilage lacks a blood supply and exhibits poor healing potential but there are non-surgical and surgical treatment options available for these injuries. (cincinnatisportsmed.com)
  • Chondral defects of the knee are common. (springer.com)
  • The overall prevalence of chondral defects of the knee in athletes has been estimated to be 36% (Flanigan 2010). (cincinnatisportsmed.com)
  • Once the cartilage is torn it will not heal easily and can lead to degeneration of the articular surface, leading to the development of osteoarthritis. (drsathu.com.au)
  • It's a last resort treatment for pain and mobility issues associated with osteoarthritis, a progressive disease caused by degeneration of the protective layer of cartilage that stops our bones grinding together when we sit, stand, write, or move around. (scienceblog.com)
  • For the first time, researchers at the Keck School of Medicine of USC have used a stem cell-based bio-implant to repair cartilage and delay joint degeneration in a large animal model. (scienceblog.com)
  • Untreated cartilage defects often lead to joint pain and degeneration over time, often requiring joint replacement. (ca.gov)
  • The proposed candidate is a universal cell therapy designed to generate new articular cartilage in these defects and interrupt the cycle of degeneration. (ca.gov)
  • The proposed treatment may be of major public benefit, as it would represent the first curative strategy for cartilage injury and subsequent degeneration, likely decreasing economic burden on the state and its people. (ca.gov)
  • The second objective of this study is to identify factors, early after ACL reconstruction, which may predispose individuals to articular cartilage degeneration and the early development of knee osteoarthritis. (osu.edu)
  • Her second research area focuses on the neuromuscular, biomechanical and functional outcomes of individuals with varying degrees of knee joint degeneration, from those with focal articular cartilage defects to end-stage knee osteoarthritis and total knee arthroplasty. (osu.edu)
  • In a rat fracture model, IGF-1 combined with TGF-ß could stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage formation at the early stage of day 5 [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, efforts at repair also stimulate the enzymes that degrade cartilage, as well as inflammatory cytokines, which are normally present in small amounts. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The effectiveness of cartilage growth after microfracture surgery is thought to be dependent on the patient's bone marrow stem cell population and some think increasing the number of stem cells increases the chances of success. (wikipedia.org)
  • published a large-scale study claiming that CCI results in better structural repair for symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee than microfracture surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with symptomatic chondral defects typically present with knee pain and swelling. (cincinnatisportsmed.com)
  • The arthroscopic sleeve (2.7 or 4.0 mm) and a blunt conical obturator are inserted into the cranioventral articular recess. (ivis.org)
  • These studies have demonstrated that mechanical forces are able to shape the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate when appropriately applied in in vitro models of cartilage regeneration. (nature.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of human amniotic membrane (HAM) as a chondrocyte carrier by assessing cell proliferation and maintenance of phenotype in vitro and cartilage regeneration in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • CTGF/CCN2, a hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product, possessed the ability to repair damaged articular cartilage in two animal models, which were experimental osteoarthritis and full-thickness defects of articular cartilage. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Materials and Methods: The effects of recombinant CTGF/CCN2 (rCTGF/CCN2) on repair of damaged cartilage were evaluated by using both the monoiodoacetic acid (MIA)-induced experimental rat osteoarthritis (OA) model and full-thickness defects of rat articular cartilage in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Patients with knee injuries have been treated using cartilage grown from their own noses, Swiss doctors announced this week. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • With this in mind, Basel University's Ivan Martin and his colleagues recruited ten patients with cartilage injuries to their knees. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Injuries to articular cartilage of the knee are becoming increasingly common and can cause significant pain and dysfunction. (cincinnatisportsmed.com)
  • Bioactive agents, including cytokines and growth factors such as stromal cell-derived factor-1, platelet-derived growth factor, VEGF, and others, were shown to promote cell recruitment and have a helpful effect on the repair of articular cartilage injuries ( 8 , 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Gregory Jay, MD, PhD posits that patients with acute knee injuries and resultant inflammation are at risk for early wear and damage to articular cartilage due to loss of lubricating ability. (lifespan.org)
  • These patients present to emergency departments and manifest an acute traumatic synovitis (TS) secondary to acute structural defects such as acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries following trauma. (lifespan.org)
  • Next, to examine the effect of rCTGF/CCN2 on the repair of articular cartilage, we created defects (2 mm in diameter) on the surface of articular cartilage in situ and implanted rCTGF/CCN2-hydrogel or PBS-hydrogel therein with collagen sponge. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate an injectable, in situ crosslinkable elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) gel for application to cartilage matrix repair in critically sized defects in goat knees. (umn.edu)
  • A focal cartilage lesion has limited capacity to heal, and the repair modalities used at present are still unable to provide a universal solution. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • This finding provides early evidence that ASCs may be unsuitable for promoting chondrocyte migration in a cartilage defect model. (queensu.ca)
  • The demonstrated efficacy of our optimized PEMF regimens has clear clinical implications for future regenerative strategies for cartilage. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, in order to extend the potential use of this technique to older people or those with degenerative cartilage pathologies like osteoarthritis, a lot more fundamental and pre-clinical research work needs to be done. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Regeneration of large bone defects is a common clinical problem. (dovepress.com)
  • The symptoms of articular cartilage damage include joint pain, swelling, stiffness and a decrease in the range of motion of the knee. (drsathu.com.au)
  • Patients with articular cartilage damage experience symptoms such as joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and a decrease in range of motion of the knee. (drpaulkhoo.com.au)
  • Further on, chances are high that after only 1 or 2 years of the surgery symptoms start to return as the fibrocartilage wears away, forcing the patient to reengage in articular cartilage repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • These conservative strategies can alleviate pain symptoms, but they cannot terminate the progression of cartilage deterioration and repair cartilage defects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We argue that inflammation results in the destruction of lubricin, accompanied by the fibrillation of cartilage and chronic symptoms which underpin the population-based observation of early OA attributable to joint injury. (lifespan.org)
  • Such enhanced techniques of marrow stimulation have been shown to improve articular cartilage repair in both animal models and patients. (hindawi.com)
  • A team of plastic surgeons retrieved from each of the patients a small biopsy of cartilage measuring just a few millimetres across from the nasal septum. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Successful Fixation of Traumatic Articular Cartilage-Only Fragments in the Juvenile and Adolescent Knee: A Case Series. (mayo.edu)
  • Bone loss caused by congenital defects, traumatic injury, cancer, reconstructive surgery, or periodontal disease has aroused widespread concern all over the world. (dovepress.com)
  • Blood and bone marrow (which contains stem cells) seep out of the fractures, creating a blood clot that releases cartilage-building cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Accordingly, investigations on cellular therapies have therefore moved to progenitor cell populations such as bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which have the ability to differentiate into cartilage cells 4 . (nature.com)
  • Defects without repair and defects treated with bone marrow stimulation appeared slightly irregular with fibrocartilage filling. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The goal of the study was to investigate the ex-vivo Mechanism Of Action of the Agili-C™ implant in the repair of full-thickness cartilage defects. (cartiheal.com)
  • To further test the osteogenic potential of the cell sheet in vivo, enhanced green fluorescent protein or BMP-2-producing cell sheets were treated on the cranial bone defects. (dovepress.com)
  • An ex vivo study showed that IGF-1 in fetal bovine serum was responsible for maintaining articular cartilage proteoglycan synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Osteoarthritis is a chronic arthropathy characterized by disruption and potential loss of joint cartilage along with other joint changes, including bone hypertrophy (osteophyte formation). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The success of any technology aimed at repairing chondral defects will thus be based on its ability to produce tissues that most closely recapitulate the mechanical and biochemical properties of native cartilage. (nature.com)
  • citation needed] The surgery is performed by arthroscopy, after the joint is cleaned of calcified cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the last 25 years, arthroscopy has become a useful tool for diagnosing and treating a variety of articular disorders in horses, and today it can be considered to be one of the most useful techniques in equine joint surgery. (ivis.org)
  • Connor et al suggested that the fundamental defect was an abnormality of the regulation of cartilage proliferation in the affected epiphysis, resulting in cartilaginous exostosis. (medscape.com)
  • it was thought to involve an altered process of cell proliferation at the superficial zone of articular cartilage, allowing for persistent proliferation and production of a large cartilaginous mass. (medscape.com)
  • [ 70 ] No single biomarker has proved reliable for diagnosis and monitoring, but combinations of cartilage-derived and bone-derived biomarkers have been used to identify osteoarthritis subtypes, with possible impact on treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Effective treatment of cartilage defects represents a challenging problem, mainly due to the tissue's limited intrinsic self-repair capacity. (nature.com)
  • Articular cartilage repair is a critical issue in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Optimization of IGF delivery systems will facilitate treatment application in cartilage repair and improve OA treatment efficacy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growth factors and their signaling pathways have recently attracted much attention in cartilage repair for OA treatment. (biomedcentral.com)