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SolubilityChemistry, PharmaceuticalWaterCyclodextrinsbeta-CyclodextrinsSolventsExcipientsCalorimetry, Differential ScanningTechnology, PharmaceuticalDrug CompoundingHemoglobin, SickleDrug StabilityDrug CarriersEmulsionsBiological AvailabilityPolyethylene GlycolsParticle SizeHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationPharmaceutical PreparationsPovidoneAbsorptionPowder DiffractionHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredMethylcelluloseSurface-Active AgentsBiopharmaceuticsMicelles1-OctanolTemperaturePolymersX-Ray DiffractionGriseofulvinHemoglobin ASolutionsMaterials TestingPhysicochemical PhenomenaProtein EngineeringNanoparticlesHemoglobin CModels, ChemicalCrystallizationSuspensionsDosage FormsSaltsPowdersPolymerizationSkin Absorptiongamma-CrystallinsDrug Delivery SystemsOctoxynolDendrimersChemistry, PhysicalDetergentsChemical PrecipitationPolymethacrylic AcidsThermogravimetryPharmaceutical SolutionsThermodynamicsPharmaceutical VehiclesBuffersKineticsMolecular StructureNanocapsulesEscherichia coliPermeabilityLecithinsMethoxyfluraneStructure-Activity RelationshipMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyViscosityDelayed-Action PreparationsOctanolsMethacrylatesSurface PropertiesProdrugsPoloxamerAdsorptionDiffusionPolysorbatesPropylene GlycolMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningModels, MolecularIntestinal AbsorptionMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceProtein FoldingTabletsDimethylformamideHemoglobins, AbnormalSilicatesCuring Lights, DentalChloroformMyristatesOilsRecombinant ProteinsDesiccationProtein StabilityElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelChromatography, High Pressure Liquid
IncreasesSolubleTemperatureAqueousGlomerular filtrationProteinEquilibriumWaterAbsorptionOrders of magnitIonic liquidsAminesUricCalciumIncreaseRenalUrateSurfactantsBioavailabilityCompoundsCompensateGreatlyStabilityProteinsLungDefectsSaturationCarbonHighResistanceImproveFormulationsOccursPressureEffectMelting pointsSizeInfluenceEffectsAffectPoorStudiesLevels
Increases7
  • Free-surface electrospinning of microemulsions increases API solubility and may offer an alternative to batch powder processes. (ispe.org)
  • Further increases in solubility were obtained by the addition of the NVoy polymer reagent to the reaction mixture. (iucr.org)
  • Nitrogen solubility in steel increases with either chromium or manganese concentrations, and it decreases with nickel concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • The combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening increases the solubility of poorly water soluble compounds. (scialert.net)
  • Conversely, as the distance between ions increases, the lattice energy decreases. (managenergy.tv)
  • Impact of temperature: As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles also increases, which can weaken the attractive forces between ions and decrease the lattice energy. (managenergy.tv)
  • However, during renal failure, the intestinal contribution of urate excretion increases to compensate for the decreased elimination by the kidneys. (medscape.com)
Soluble4
  • Therefore, drug release profiles are exhibited by such formulations for poorly soluble drugs to improve the solubility of such poorly soluble drugs. (scialert.net)
  • Most of drugs which are weakly acidic and basic show poor aqueous solubility hence various methods like, salt formation, co-solvency, micronization, addition of agent, solid dispersion, complexation etc., are some of the vital approaches routinely employed to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. (scialert.net)
  • This article reviews various methods used for improving the solubility of hydrophobic drugs and improve the drug release profiles which are exhibited by such formulations for poorly soluble drugs. (scialert.net)
  • Grain proteins are broadly classified into four fractions according to their solubility characteristics: albumin (water soluble), globulin (soluble in dilute salt solution), prolamin (soluble in alcohol) and glutelin (extractable in dilute alkali or acid solutions). (fao.org)
Temperature4
Aqueous4
Glomerular filtration2
  • In disorders such as sickle cell disease, hypertension, and eclampsia, hyperuricemia out of proportion with decreases in glomerular filtration result from decreased renal blood flow. (medscape.com)
  • Consequently, altered uric acid excretion can result from decreased glomerular filtration, decreased tubular secretion, or enhanced tubular reabsorption. (medscape.com)
Protein10
  • Therefore, the risk of altering protein function, blocking other epitopes, or decreasing solubility is minimized. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In solubility fractionation studies with sorghum and pearl, finger and foxtail millets, five protein fractions were obtained (Table 23). (fao.org)
  • A substantial number of variations affect protein-solvent interactions, either aggregation or solubility. (lu.se)
  • Solubility is a central protein property and when reduced can lead to diseases. (lu.se)
  • We developed a prediction method, PON-Sol2, to identify amino acid substitutions that increase, decrease, or have no effect on the protein solubility. (lu.se)
  • PON-Sol predicts the effects of amino acid substitution on protein solubility. (lu.se)
  • The method is described in more detail in PON-Sol: prediction of effects of amino acid substitutions on protein solubility . (lu.se)
  • PON-Sol is a machine-learning based tool that predict the effect of variation on protein solubility. (lu.se)
  • You can also submit a protein gi to find all possible variations' effect on protein solubility. (lu.se)
  • 1. Top 25 variations that induce protein solubility to increase and decrease seperately. (lu.se)
Equilibrium2
  • At the equilibrium the experimental apparent solubility data were successfully correlated with the modified Chrastil equation. (hindawi.com)
  • The concentration of nitrogen is limited to its equilibrium solubility at 1 atmosphere. (cdc.gov)
Water14
  • Salt formation has proven successful in converting acidic and basic APIs into ionic salts, increasing solubility in polar solvents such as water. (ispe.org)
  • Although the naked and modified MNPs had similar saturation magnetizations, the obvious differences of solubility in water and organic solvents were observed. (hindawi.com)
  • Also, as water temperatures increase, the oxygen solubility decreases, which can further reduce DO concentrations. (ceh.ac.uk)
  • Among all newly discovered chemical entities about 40% drugs are lipophilic and these drugs are rejected by the pharmaceutical industry and will never benefit a patient because of its poor bioavailability due to low water solubility and/or cell membrane permeability. (scialert.net)
  • Solubility was found to vary with the surface area and mineralogy of the carbonate material, and the degree of saturation of the water with respect to a given carbonate mineral. (epa.gov)
  • Most aliphatic amines display some solubility in water, reflecting their ability to form hydrogen bonds. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Diminished solubility in water, although they retain their solubility in suitable organic solvents only. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The overall effect of CO2 dissolving into water is that the concentrations of H+, H2CO3 and HCO3- increase and the concentration of CO32- decreases and the solution is more acidic (i.e. a decrease in pH . (ozcoasts.org.au)
  • Because alkyl polyglycosides are surface active substances, the measurement of log Kow is not possible, so the determination was done by calculation from the solubility of the substances in n octanol and water. (europa.eu)
  • Despite the good water solubility, they do not hydrolyse under environmental conditions (hydrolytically stable at pH = 4, 7 and 9) and their bioaccumulation potential is low due to the low log Kow (-0.07 to 1.77). (europa.eu)
  • The availability of fresh, clean drinking water decreases as the population is increasing. (iwaponline.com)
  • The solubility of CO2 in water reduces from ~4.5g in one litre of water at ~3 bar, to ~1.5g at atmospheric pressure, something that is described by Henry's Law . (theconversation.com)
  • The specimens were desiccated, kept in water at 37 °C for 7 days and desiccated again to calculate water sorption, solubility and mass variation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The physical solubility of CO 2 decreased with increasing water concentration, as expected from the lower solubility of CO 2 in water than in DMSO. (lu.se)
Absorption3
  • mechanism may be CYP2C19 inhibition of nelfinavir conversion to active M8 metabolite, and also PPIs decreasing gastric pH resulting in decreased nelfinavir absorption. (medscape.com)
  • For the BCS class II drugs, the oral absorption is limited by the solubility or dissolution in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. (scialert.net)
  • This CO2 absorption has already led to a decrease in the pH of the oceans of about 0.1 units from pre industrial levels. (ozcoasts.org.au)
Orders of magnit1
  • Larger neptunium dioxide grains result in increased stability and decrease solubility by two orders of magnitude. (energy.gov)
Ionic liquids4
  • Functionality of MNPs with ionic liquids greatly influenced the solubility of the MNPs with organic solvents depending on the alkyl chain length and the anions of the ionic liquids. (hindawi.com)
  • This work presents a foremost systematic study on the solubility of phenolic compounds (tannic acid, quercetin and gallic acid) in ionic liquids. (rsc.org)
  • The solubility of tannic acid in ionic liquids follows the E N T polarity scale of the studied ionic liquids. (rsc.org)
  • The obtained results accompanied by the solubility of carbohydrates in ionic liquids can serve for a design of the future extraction of value added compounds from raw biomass. (rsc.org)
Amines1
Uric2
  • The critical physical property of uric acid in the clinical setting is solubility. (medscape.com)
  • Uric acid in the blood is saturated at 6.4-6.8 mg/dL at ambient conditions, with the upper limit of solubility placed at 7 mg/dL. (medscape.com)
Calcium2
  • Outline the practical steps that you would take to determine the solubility of calcium hydroxide in this solution. (brainscape.com)
  • decrease in fiber and phytic acid content, but also to substantial gains in calcium. (danoneinstitute.org)
Increase4
Renal1
  • While decreased urate filtration may not cause primary hyperuricemia, it can contribute to the hyperuricemia of renal insufficiency. (medscape.com)
Urate2
  • Because normal plasma levels of urate are 3-7 mg/dL for men and 2-6 mg/dL for women, the solubility limit apparently is approached under physiologic conditions. (medscape.com)
  • Decreased tubular secretion of urate occurs in patients with acidosis (eg, diabetic ketoacidosis, ethanol or salicylate intoxication, starvation ketosis). (medscape.com)
Surfactants2
  • Electrospinning is a novel process that combines surfactants, a decreased domain size, and an amorphous microstructurea combination of the methods mentioned above. (ispe.org)
  • Electrospinning is a novel process that combines surfactants, a decreased domain size, and an amorphous microstructure. (ispe.org)
Bioavailability1
  • Drugs that alter pH of upper GI tract may alter the solubility of erlotinib and reduce its bioavailability. (medscape.com)
Compounds1
  • Lattice energy plays a crucial role in predicting the stability, properties, reactivity, solubility, and melting/boiling points of ionic compounds. (managenergy.tv)
Compensate1
  • 2 While proven approaches exist to combat this, drug manufacturers are sometimes forced to introduce large doses of an API into the pharmaceutical to compensate for its low solubility. (ispe.org)
Greatly1
  • Under drought conditions, river flow speeds and turbulence can greatly decrease, and river stretches can become stagnant, which reduces this gas exchange and can result in low DO levels. (ceh.ac.uk)
Stability2
  • The most challenging task in development of a formulation is the solubility of drug, availability at the site of action and stability of drug. (scialert.net)
  • The two major obstacles in developing a therapeutic agent are Solubility and stability ( Seedher and Sharma, 2007 ). (scialert.net)
Proteins1
Lung2
  • Cobalt substances showing a high solubility in neutral lung fluid can be assumed to be readily dissolved upon sedimentation. (europa.eu)
  • The inflammation decreases the lung elasticity through fibrosis formation. (lu.se)
Defects1
  • This study reveals that processing neptunium dioxide in ways that yield larger grains and fewer defects drastically reduces neptunium's solubility-its ability to dissolve. (energy.gov)
Saturation1
  • The presence of Mg(+2) decreased the solubility of dolomite in waters which were near saturation with respect to dolomite. (epa.gov)
Carbon1
  • When you open a can of fizzy drink, the refreshing "hiss" is the result of gas bubbles escaping from the liquid as a result of a change in the solubility of the carbon dioxide (CO2) in it. (theconversation.com)
High2
  • They contribute to the decrease of cardiovascular diseases, which are associated with high‐cholesterol consumption. (researchgate.net)
  • Titanium dioxide (TiO2) accounts for nearly 70% of the total global pigment production as a result of its high refractive index and extremely low solubility. (cdc.gov)
Resistance2
  • Concurrent use may cause treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance owing to decreased levels. (medscape.com)
  • This places additional resistance to the system, increasing operating pressure and decreasing flow rate. (poolspanews.com)
Improve3
  • Although needle-based electrospinning has proven an effective technique to improve API solubility, the process has limited productivity. (ispe.org)
  • Plant sterols are lipophilic and need to be encapsulated to improve their solubility to be applied in foo. (researchgate.net)
  • Strickley, 2004 ) have been shown to improve drug solubility. (scialert.net)
Formulations1
  • It was found while added appropriate content of PE in PC formulations, melt viscosity and strength of the mixture could decrease, which was beneficial in foaming of PC. (4spe.org)
Occurs1
  • This change occurs due to the pressure inside the can decreasing from ~3 bar (can closed) to 1 bar at atmospheric pressure (can open). (theconversation.com)
Pressure1
  • The permeance of CO 2 decreased as pressure increased with a constant pressure drop, and this behavior is consistent with the surface diffusion mechanism. (mrs.org)
Effect2
  • apalutamide will decrease the level or effect of lansoprazole by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Boles and Swan (2002a) reported also a decrease in redness after freezing of beef M. Semimembranosus from cattle, but the same effect was not observed for bull and steer (Boles & Swan, 2002b). (researchgate.net)
Melting points1
Size1
  • Single gas permeation through SAPO-34 membranes decreased with molecular size for H 2 , CO 2 , N 2 , CH 4 , and n-C 4 H 10 . (mrs.org)
Influence1
  • With increasing numbers of D-glucopyranose units the influence of the fatty alcohol moiety on the log Kow values decreases. (europa.eu)
Effects1
  • It can be used to predict the solubility effects of variants for any organism, even in large-scale projects. (lu.se)
Affect1
  • Laboratory studies were also conducted to assess the affect of Mg(+2) ion on the solubility of calcareous materials. (epa.gov)
Poor1
Studies1
  • Numerous studies have investigated the solubility of electrospun mats containing API. (ispe.org)
Levels3
  • lansoprazole decreases levels of erlotinib by Other (see comment). (medscape.com)
  • lansoprazole decreases levels of nelfinavir by unspecified interaction mechanism. (medscape.com)
  • lansoprazole decreases levels of rilpivirine by increasing gastric pH. (medscape.com)