OxidesLitter decomposition ratesChanges in litterUptakeHydrogenFungalThermalAmmoniaPhosphorousOrganismsCarbon dioxideRelease nitrogenEcosystemMineralizationGrasslandsPhosphorusFixersNitrate saltsSpeciesDecomposeSlowsUtilizationDepositionOxygenBiomassBioticNutrientConcentrationEcosystemsAccelerateBack into the atmosphereProcessesCompoundsOccursDynamicsTerrestrialIncreasesOrganic materialsCompostFertilizationChemistryLeafUnderstandingTropicalNitrous oxideGasesContrastGrassTemperatureEssentiallyUltimatelySignificantlyPlantAtomicRatesHighConsumptionReductionPlants
Oxides6
- other decomposition products include nitrogen oxides and chlorine compounds. (medscape.com)
- Nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides. (europa.eu)
- Specific hazards : Thermal decomposition giving toxic and corrosive products : nitrogen oxides (NOx). (europa.eu)
- In case of fire, the nitrogen oxides (NOx) can be released. (europa.eu)
- Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and sulfuric acid. (nationaldiagnostics.com)
- A form of alveolitis or PNEUMONITIS caused by hypersensitivity to high level of inhaled nitrogen oxides, decomposition products of silage. (bvsalud.org)
Litter decomposition rates1
- We conclude that effects on litter decomposition rates that are mediated by changing concentrations of the limiting nutrient in litter need to be considered when predicting effects of global changes such as plant diversity loss. (vu.nl)
Changes in litter1
Uptake1
- ABSTRACT: The input of nitrogen (N) into litter of the seagrasses Thalassia hemprichii , Halodule uninervis and Cymodocea rotundata during decomposition and the uptake of N released from this litter by the surrounding seagrasses were examined simultaneously using 15 N-enriched seagrass leaf material (δ 15 N ≈ 500‰) placed in litterbags in seagrass meadows. (int-res.com)
Hydrogen3
- The human body contains about 3% nitrogen by mass, the fourth most abundant element in the body after oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
- The HB process works by reacting atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) with hydrogen gas (H 2 ) at high temperatures and pressures (600 °C and 200 atm) to produce NH 3 3 . (nature.com)
- Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide in an Electric Discharge. (cdc.gov)
Fungal3
- Bacterial and fungal colonization and decomposition of submerged plant litter: consequences for biogenic silica dissolution. (lu.se)
- Fungal decomposition releases carbon trapped in plant tissues back into the atmosphere. (lu.se)
- At the same time, fungi transform part of the plant carbon into fungal biomass, which along with the byproducts of decomposition participates in the formation of soils. (lu.se)
Thermal1
- Thermal decomposition in : SOx, NOx. (europa.eu)
Ammonia3
- We address the low selectivity problem faced by the electrochemical nitrogen (N 2 ) reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia (NH 3 ) by exploiting the Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism on two-dimensional (2D) Ti 2 N nitride MXene. (nature.com)
- Herein, we simulated environmental conditions to investigate the effects of chronic exposure (single and combined) to M. aeruginosa and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) on lipid metabolism and muscle quality in zebrafish. (bvsalud.org)
- For example, only bacteria can bind nitrogen from the air and create ammonia. (lu.se)
Phosphorous4
- In the early days, when we didn't have nitrogen fertilisers, they encouraged the growth of nitrogen fixers by adding phosphorous fertilisers. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
- It's above-normal flow, so there's a lot of fresh water and nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, going into the Gulf of Mexico right now. (npr.org)
- JOYCE: Nitrogen and phosphorous are like plant food for tiny phytoplankton that float in the warm Gulf waters. (npr.org)
- To vary the rates and level of microbial colonization, the litter was combined with a range of mineral nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) supplements. (lu.se)
Organisms3
- This causes difficulty for both organisms and industry in converting N2 into useful compounds, but at the same time it means that burning, exploding, or decomposing nitrogen compounds to form nitrogen gas releases large amounts of often useful energy. (wikipedia.org)
- Nitrogen occurs in all organisms, primarily in amino acids (and thus proteins), in the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and in the energy transfer molecule adenosine triphosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- Through their consumption, bacteria, together with other organisms, contribute to the decomposition of dead plants and animals which eventually results in both carbon dioxide that can be used in photosynthesis, and minerals that can once again be absorbed by plants - thereby making the ecosystem cycle come full circle. (lu.se)
Carbon dioxide2
- These findings could be significant to the bioenergy community, because they would imply that biochar based carbon-negative bioenergy systems ("slash-and-char") could be even more viable than estimated: their capacity to store atmospheric carbon dioxide into soils, via biochar obtained from regrown forests and energy crops, would be enhanced because of the increased plant growth resulting from atmospheric nitrogen fertilization. (scitizen.com)
- Disturbance usually leads to increased availability of organic material and increased decomposition of soil organic matter, which means larger carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. (lu.se)
Release nitrogen2
- Ammonium, for example, will volatilise up into the atmosphere, fossil fuel burning will release nitrogen into the atmosphere and lightning will convert dinitrogen gas in the atmosphere to water-soluble forms of nitrogen. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
- list all nitrate salts which release nitrogen dioxide on decomposition? (thenakedscientists.com)
Ecosystem3
- The conversion of nitrogen gas into biologically available forms of nitrogen is critical for the functioning of the ecosystem. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
- Although hemiparasitic plants have a number of roles in shaping the structure and composition of plant communities, the impact of this group on ecosystem processes, such as decomposition and nutrient cycling, has been poorly studied. (aber.ac.uk)
- To better understand the distribution of ecosystem responses to nitrogen, we combined these results using a quantitative statistical approach known as meta-analysis. (scitizen.com)
Mineralization2
- The objectives of this study were to examine litter, decomposition, net mineralization and microclimate by two leguminous species planted for the restoration of degraded area. (academicjournals.org)
- These results showed that planting Acacia improved site qualities (litter fall, decomposition, and net mineralization) and microclimate factors (air temperature, soil temperature, and relative humidity) and decreased the variation rate of these factors in the study sites. (academicjournals.org)
Grasslands1
- Because precipitation controls both nitrogen availability from decomposition and plant demand for nitrogen, the proportional response of grasslands to nitrogen remained constant across large precipitation gradients. (scitizen.com)
Phosphorus3
- This is because tropical forests are expected to be phosphorus, rather than nitrogen, limited. (scitizen.com)
- Even though phosphorus remains scarce, nitrogen has become even more limiting. (scitizen.com)
- Additional nutrient and soil chemical issues remain important, although farmers understandably focus on nitrogen and phosphorus, because additions of these nutrients are commonly needed in order to maintain crop productivity, large quantities are normally used, and both have potential for environmental problems, additional nutrient and soil chemical issues remain important. (sare.org)
Fixers1
- In order to better understand the potential role of hemiparasites in these processes, a comparison of leaf and litter tissue quality, nitrogen (N) resorption, and decomposability with those of a wide range of other plant groups (involving a total of 72 species and including other groups with access to alternative nutrient sources, such as nitrogen fixers and carnivorous plants) was undertaken in several sub-arctic habitats. (aber.ac.uk)
Nitrate salts1
- Alchemists knew nitric acid as aqua fortis (strong water), as well as other nitrogen compounds such as ammonium salts and nitrate salts. (wikipedia.org)
Species5
- Increasing species richness decreased litter decomposition except under intensive drought. (vu.nl)
- The slowed litter decomposition under high species diversity originated from a sampling effect, specifically from low litter nitrogen concentrations in the two dominant species. (vu.nl)
- Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is basically unusable by most of biology - plants and animals - but there are a few species of microbes in conjunction with plants that can convert the dinitrogen gas into usable forms of nitrogen like ammonium, and then that will turn into organic nitrogen or nitrate, and that can then enter the biological system. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
- Hemiparasite litter lost significantly more mass during decomposition than many, but not all, co-occurring species. (aber.ac.uk)
- Decomposition rates of leaf litter from two species were measured in mesh litterbags deployed in factorial combination of the three vegetation cover types and two fire treatments (burned and unburned patches). (springer.com)
Decompose1
- The microbes that decompose leaves and other types of organic matter require nitrogen for their own metabolism and growth. (iastate.edu)
Slows1
- Brennan KEC, Christie FJ, York A (2009) Global climate change and litter decomposition: more frequent fire slows decomposition and increases the functional importance of invertebrates. (springer.com)
Deposition1
- Furthermore, nitrogen takes longer to accumulate in the system through nitrogen fixation and atmospheric deposition. (scitizen.com)
Oxygen8
- About 2/3 of commercially produced elemental nitrogen is used as an inert (oxygen-free) gas for commercial uses such as food packaging, and much of the rest is used as liquid nitrogen in cryogenic applications. (wikipedia.org)
- Nitrogen magneto-ionics in CoN is compared to oxygen magneto-ionics in Co 3 O 4 . (nature.com)
- In contrast to oxygen, nitrogen transport occurs uniformly creating a plane-wave-like migration front, without assistance of diffusion channels. (nature.com)
- This is due to the lower activation energy for ion diffusion and the lower electronegativity of nitrogen compared to oxygen. (nature.com)
- Here, nitrogen magneto-ionics is demonstrated as an improved alternative to oxygen magneto-ionics. (nature.com)
- CoN and Co 3 O 4 single-layer films are voltage-actuated to compare nitrogen vs. oxygen magneto-ionic performances. (nature.com)
- Store under nitrogen or an atmposphere containing less than 8% oxygen. (europa.eu)
- That decomposition essentially burns up the oxygen in the water. (npr.org)
Biomass1
- The biomass (dry weight) decomposition rates ( k ) for these tropical seagrasses were high (0.023 to 0.070 d -1 ). (int-res.com)
Biotic1
- Decomposition is responsive to changes in abiotic drivers or interactions between abiotic conditions and biotic drivers, suggesting that decomposition rates may differ with vegetation cover and fire. (springer.com)
Nutrient1
- In particular, leaf litter decomposition, a process controlling nutrient availability and soil organic matter accumulation, is poorly understood in drylands but may be sensitive to vegetation cover and fire history. (springer.com)
Concentration2
- Litter N concentration declined during decomposition, indicating an overall release of N during decomposition. (int-res.com)
- The total nitrogen concentration (NC, g/100 g) of wetland plants is an important parameter to estimate the wetland health status and to calculate the nitrogen storage of wetland plants. (mdpi.com)
Ecosystems4
- Aerts R (1997) Climate, leaf litter chemistry, and leaf litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems: a triangular relationship. (springer.com)
- Overview from Laurens Rademakers on Biopact.com*: A study by UC Irvine ecologists finds that excess nitrogen in tropical forests boosts plant growth, countering the belief that such tropical ecosystems would not respond to nitrogen pollution. (scitizen.com)
- However, we know less about what happens when we add nitrogen to natural ecosystems. (scitizen.com)
- In many places, natural ecosystems receive rates of nitrogen from pollution similar to the rates of fertilizer applied by farmers. (scitizen.com)
Accelerate2
- How can I accelerate the decomposition of leaves in my compost pile? (iastate.edu)
- Although these changes proceed in a relatively orderly fashion, a variety of external factors and intrinsic characteristics may accelerate or retard decomposition. (medscape.com)
Back into the atmosphere1
- The nitrogen cycle describes the movement of the element from the air, into the biosphere and organic compounds, then back into the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
Processes1
- To develop cutting tools that can better withstand wear and tear, tool producers want to understand the wear behaviour by studying the decomposition processes in atomic detail. (lu.se)
Compounds4
- Because of the volatility of nitrogen compounds, nitrogen is relatively rare in the solid parts of the Earth. (wikipedia.org)
- this name is used in a number of languages, and appears in the English names of some nitrogen compounds such as hydrazine, azides and azo compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- Apart from its use in fertilisers and energy stores, nitrogen is a constituent of organic compounds as diverse as Kevlar used in high-strength fabric and cyanoacrylate used in superglue. (wikipedia.org)
- Nitrogen compounds have a very long history, ammonium chloride having been known to Herodotus. (wikipedia.org)
Occurs1
- Furthermore, decomposition occurs more rapidly in the tropics because temperature and rainfall are high, so nitrogen is quickly recycled from dead plant material. (scitizen.com)
Dynamics1
- Understanding decomposition dynamics in spatially heterogeneous vegetation cover of dry woodlands is critical for understanding biogeochemical process responses to fire in these systems. (springer.com)
Terrestrial1
- An interactive showing the main components of the terrestrial nitrogen cycle. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
Increases3
- Over the next century, nitrogen pollution is expected to steadily rise, with the most dramatic increases in rapidly developing tropical regions such as India, South America, Africa and Southeast Asia. (scitizen.com)
- Scientists have long known that nitrogen increases plant growth. (scitizen.com)
- We found that addition of nitrogen increases plant growth by 30% on average. (scitizen.com)
Organic materials1
- Composting is the natural decomposition process of organic materials optimized by a controlled environment. (earth911.com)
Compost2
- In an ideal compost pile, the carbon to nitrogen ratio is roughly 30:1. (earth911.com)
- A compost pile composed mainly of leaves decomposes slowly because the leaves don't contain adequate levels of nitrogen for the microbes. (iastate.edu)
Fertilization1
- We were most surprised that tropical forests responded to nitrogen because geochemical theory had previously predicted that the tropics would not respond to nitrogen fertilization. (scitizen.com)
Chemistry1
- The extremely strong triple bond in elemental nitrogen (N≡N), the second strongest bond in any diatomic molecule after carbon monoxide (CO), dominates nitrogen chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
Leaf1
- The objective of this study was to assess the role of vegetation cover and fire on leaf litter decomposition in a semi-arid pinyon-juniper woodland in southern New Mexico, USA, where prescribed fire is used to combat increasing woody cover. (springer.com)
Understanding1
- Why is the understanding of evolution and function of decomposition mechanisms important? (lu.se)
Tropical3
- Surprisingly, not only pristine rainforests but those regrown from slash-and-burn agriculture - which make up more than half the world's tropical forests - also responded to the added nitrogen. (scitizen.com)
- When tropical forests are cut down for agriculture, much of the nitrogen is lost from the system. (scitizen.com)
- We did not find enough studies to test if pristine lowland tropical forests respond to nitrogen. (scitizen.com)
Nitrous oxide1
Gases1
- There are different nitrogen gases that come out of the soil. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
Contrast1
- By contrast, decomposition is slower at higher latitudes. (scitizen.com)
Grass4
- Such rapid decomposition also suggests that the contribution of grass clippings to thatch development is negligible. (uconn.edu)
- To make sure that you get good crop yields or grass yields, you need to make sure that you've got enough nitrogen for them to be able to build their proteins and the enzymes that they need. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
- To promote decomposition, mix leaves with grass clippings or other materials high in nitrogen. (iastate.edu)
- For both litter types, decomposition was lower for unburned trees than for unburned grass or shrubs, perhaps due to greater soil-litter mixing and solar radiation away from tree canopies. (springer.com)
Temperature2
- Here, we demonstrate room-temperature voltage-driven nitrogen transport ( i.e ., nitrogen magneto-ionics) by electrolyte-gating of a CoN film. (nature.com)
- In common with other reactions in an electrical discharge, the h2s decomposition decreased with increasing temperature in the range of -41 deg to +61 deg c. (cdc.gov)
Essentially1
- When you burn the fossil fuel , either say coal or oil, you are essentially releasing that nitrogen back up into the atmosphere - not necessarily as dinitrogen gas but maybe other forms of nitrogen that are more available to plants and animals. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
Ultimately2
- That nitrogen ultimately ends up getting into the soil and taken up by other plants. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
- Liver transcriptomic analysis revealed that M. aeruginosa and TAN disrupted the balance in lipid synthesis, decomposition, and transport, ultimately leading to hepatic lipid accumulation. (bvsalud.org)
Significantly1
- The reaction did not appear to be rate controlled by a solid-gas sorption step because the introduction of activated charcoal into the electrical discharge zone did not significantly affect the decomposition yield. (cdc.gov)
Plant2
- Biodiversity loss, exotic plant invasion and climatic change are three important global changes that can affect litter decomposition. (vu.nl)
- It is estimated that about 40% of the world's population is fed by food that is grown using nitrogen that has been brought in either as fertiliser or through the deliberate cultivation of plant crops that are able to fix nitrogen out of the atmosphere. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
Atomic1
- Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. (wikipedia.org)
Rates3
- Decomposition rates and N release patterns of turfgrass clippings from lawns are not well understood. (uconn.edu)
- Remarkably, nitrogen magneto-ionics requires lower threshold voltages and exhibits enhanced rates and cyclability. (nature.com)
- Fire enhanced litter mass loss under trees, making decomposition rates similarly rapid in burned patches of all three vegetation cover types. (springer.com)
High2
- Leaves contain high levels of carbon and small amounts of nitrogen. (iastate.edu)
- A TiAlN coating (consisting of titanium, aluminium, and nitrogen) on the cutting tools offers high resistance to heat and oxidation. (lu.se)
Consumption1
- Despite trauma, decomposition, and partial consumption of the specimen by maggots, the bat brain was positive for rabies by DFA and nucleotide sequence analysis. (cdc.gov)
Reduction2
- For these very reasons, it is imperative to find a replacement, or complementary, process to the traditional HB process, and one such possibility comes in the form of the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). (nature.com)
- We thought it would only take about a 30 percent reduction in the nitrogen in the river. (npr.org)
Plants3
- If you think about plants and animals, both of them contain quite a lot of nitrogen, so when they get converted through to energy forms such as fossil fuels, that nitrogen is still contained in that fossil fuel. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
- This is important because pollution from fertilizer use and fossil fuel combustion has already doubled the availability of nitrogen to plants worldwide. (scitizen.com)
- Differences in microbial colonization of litter between treatments allowed us to test how Si remineralization from plants was influenced by microbial litter decomposition. (lu.se)