• They originate in amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system and in adrenal or extra-adrenal neurogenic sites. (medscape.com)
  • Islet cells commonly are referred to as APUD cells, a name derived from their high amine content and capacity for amine precursor uptake with decarboxylation. (medscape.com)
  • In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) applied the term carcinoid to all tumors of the diffuse endocrine system (synonymous with amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation [APUD] and neuroendocrine cell system). (medscape.com)
  • however, tumors can originate from any cell of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation system and, therefore, produce several intestinal hormones. (medscape.com)
  • The detailed study of neuroendocrine cells by Pearse ( 3 , 4 ) led to the development of the concept of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • They may manifest as sporadic tumors or as part of certain syndromes, including multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. (medscape.com)
  • Although nonfunctional islet cell tumors are not uncommon at autopsy, most islet cell tumors with clinical manifestations are functional. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreatic islet cell tumors may secrete 2 or more polypeptide hormones. (medscape.com)
  • Islet cell tumors in this group are often multiple and malignant. (medscape.com)
  • This article reviews the role of imaging in the management of islet cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • No universally agreed-upon algorithm exists in the radiologic investigation of pancratic neuroendocrine (islet cell) tumors of the pancreas. (medscape.com)
  • Evidence has shown that endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can be used to accurately diagnose and localize primary endocrine tumors of the pancreas, especially insulinomas and gastrinomas. (medscape.com)
  • Carcinoid tumors arise from neuroendocrine cells, which are widespread in the human body, especially in the organs derived from the primitive intestine. (medscape.com)
  • In 1914, Gosset and Masson demonstrated that carcinoid tumors might arise from enterochromaffin cells (Kulchitsky cell) within glands of Lieberkühn using silver impregnation techniques. (medscape.com)
  • In 1928, Masson established characterization of carcinoids as argentaffin cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Carcinoid tumors and related syndromes may be a part of multiple endocrine neoplasia . (medscape.com)
  • APUDOMA is a general term collectively applied to tumors associated with APUD cells. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Amyloid deposits are not uncommon in endocrine neoplasms and can also occur in pituitary tumors. (scirp.org)
  • The current neuroendocrine classification of cells and tumors uses immunohistochemical (IHC), ultrastructural, and molecular biologic features to define members of the DNS ( 6 , 7 and 8 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Clinical features of the syndrome depend on tumor cell type. (medscape.com)
  • Microscopy: Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a monotonous population of round to polygonal tumor cells with round to oval nuclei and variable amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm. (scirp.org)
  • The cells and neoplasms of the neuroendocrine and paracrine systems make up the DNS. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The principal cells and neoplasms that form the DNS are listed in Table 11.1 . (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The steroid-producing endocrine cells of the adrenal cortex, ovary, and testis, as well as the thyroid hormone-producing follicular cells in the thyroid gland, do not form part of the DNS. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Neural crest cells are precursors of APUDoma and neurogenic cells. (medscape.com)
  • This is a property of endocrine cells of neural and non-neural origin. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Although the APUD concept provided a unifying theory for explaining some endocrine diseases and ectopic hormone productions, the hypothesis that the cells were all of neural crest origin, as postulated by Pearse, was later disproved by the experiments of LeDouarin ( 5 ) and others. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Pancreatic islet cells are part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system of the gut and pancreatic endocrine system. (medscape.com)
  • The production of somatostatin by the pancreatic islets, which regulates insulin and glucagon production in neighboring islet cells, is an example of paracrine regulation. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Pancreatic non-beta-cell hyperplasia is rare but has been reported in children. (medscape.com)
  • The DNS consists of a wide variety of cells that are present in the central and peripheral nervous system and in many classic endocrine organs ( Table 11.1 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • [ 8 ] Approximately 5% of VIPomas are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 syndrome . (medscape.com)
  • These cells share the ability to produce many biologically active amines, peptides, and other substances. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Paracrine regulation refers to the production of amines and hormones by cells that exert a local effect on the target cells by diffusion through the extracellular space. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • APUDomas or APUD tumors arise from APUD cells which have the ability of amine precursors uptake and intracellular decarboxylation, before converting them into active amines, hence the name, amine precursor uptake, and decarboxylation cells. (statpearls.com)
  • 5. Production of calcitonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in tumors derived from amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cells. (nih.gov)
  • Neural crest cells are precursors of APUDoma and neurogenic cells. (medscape.com)
  • An apudoma is any endocrine tumor that arises from an APUD cell (APUD, meaning amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) properties. (illnessopedia.org)
  • El término APUDOMA es un término genérico amplicado colectivamente para los tumores asociados con células APUD. (bvsalud.org)
  • 11. Histochemical identification of fish ultimobranchial cells with polypeptide hormone producing APUD cells. (nih.gov)
  • Cells with the capacity to take up and decarboxylate the amine precursors DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE or 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, neuroendocrine cells typically have neurosecretory granules. (statpearls.com)
  • 8] Approximately 5% of VIPomas are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • 3. [Functional morphology of breast APUD cells in dysplasia and neoplastic processes]. (nih.gov)
  • 14. A.P.U.D. type endocrine tumour of the prostate. (nih.gov)
  • 16. Immunocytochemical studies of APUD cells in airways: effects of nitrosodiethylamine and nitrogen dioxide. (nih.gov)
  • Anemia is the disorder that results in having lesser red blood cells than normal, which are needed to function properly. (illnessopedia.org)
  • platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells. (illnessopedia.org)
  • 18. [Possible causes for an increased content of blood peptide hormones in small-cell lung cancer]. (nih.gov)