Antibodies to dietary antigens might be beneficial by immune elimination of antigen as well as potentially disease-provoking by eliciting harmful immune effector functions, such as immune complex-mediated complement activation or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (gu.se)
Further, IgG1 as well as IgG3 correlated positively to ADCC reactivity.The avidity of antibodies against dietary antigens seemed to increase progressively during early childhood in healthy as well as diseased children. (gu.se)
RTX's mechanism of action includes complement‑dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody‑dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (spandidos-publications.com)
The mechanisms of action by which RTX kills FL cells include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) ( 3 ), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) ( 4 , 5 )-herein referred to as 'effector function' mechanisms-as well as CD20 signaling effects ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, mice sera were assessed by ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) reporter assays. (news-medical.net)
It plays a role in antigen capture, phagocytosis of IgG/antigen complexes, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (biolegend.com)
Historically, NK cells have been considered part of the innate immune system, recognizing and eliminating virus-infected or tumor cells either directly by release of cytotoxic granules or indirectly by cytokine release and facilitation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (nih.gov)
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) involves the recognition of tumor antigens by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which leads to enhanced tumor cell killing by immune cells, specifically natural killer (NK) cells. (axionbiosystems.com)
Created by COPASI 4.26 (Build 213) This model is described in the article: A mathematical model of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) F. Hoffman, D. Gavaghan, J. Osborne, I.P. Barrett, T. You, H. Ghadially, R. Sainson, R.W. Wilkinson, H.M. Byrne Journal of Theoretical Biology 436 (2018) 39-50 Abstract: Immunotherapies exploit the immune system to target and kill cancer cells, while sparing healthy tis- sue. (ebi.ac.uk)
Preclinical assessment of molecules that may cause antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) involves co-culturing cancer cells, NK cells and antibody in vitro for several hours and measuring subsequent levels of tumour cell lysis. (ebi.ac.uk)
Antibodies2
After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Antibody therapies, an important class of immunotherapies, involve the binding to specific antigens on the surface of the tumour cells of antibodies that activate natural killer (NK) cells to kill the tu- mour cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
Receptor8
The NKp44 activating receptor is the only natural cytotoxicity receptor that is expressed exclusively by primate NK cells, yet its cellular ligands remain largely unknown. (bgu.ac.il)
Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
NKp46 (CD335, NCR1, ) is a cytotoxicity-activating receptor that may contribute to the increased efficiency of activated natural killer (NK) cells to mediate tumor cell lysis. (thermofisher.com)
By analysing iNKT cells from lymphoid tissues of mice and humans we demonstrate that their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse and is distinct for cells from various tissues resulting in differential lipid-antigen recognition. (elifesciences.org)
It belongs to the natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) family and contains two Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) domains. (biolegend.com)
Here, our study shows that PR3 autoreactivity was enriched in CD4+T cells expressing the G-protein coupled receptor 56 (GPR56), which associates with cytotoxicity. (reachmd.com)
Receptors3
Direct killing happens similarly to other natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) such as NKp44 and NKp46. (wikipedia.org)
Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)
NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
Assays2
We use these results to explain what information about the tumour cell kill rate can be extracted from the cytotoxicity assays. (ebi.ac.uk)
Cytotoxicity assays were performed by using cell culture medium containing L-929 line cells (mouse fibroblast). (bvsalud.org)
Cells28
We further present evidence of SumayaVac-1 eliciting a recallable cellular cytotoxicity by IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells. (nature.com)
The ligation leads to disruption of the interaction between NKp30 and CD3ζ and thus decreases the activation of NK cells and its cytotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
NK expansion and activation were stimulated by culture with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) and IL-2, in the presence or absence of BM-MSCs. (springer.com)
T cells mediate neuropathology during viral infection via antigen-independent cytotoxicity. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, spleen and brain CD8+ T cells exhibited antigen -independent cytotoxicity that correlated with NKG2D expression. (bvsalud.org)
We demonstrate that CD8+ T cells mediate virus -induced neuropathology via antigen -independent, NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity, which may serve as a therapeutic target for treatment of virus -induced neurological disease . (bvsalud.org)
Pulmonary exposure to NQ dose-dependently aggravated antigen-related airway inflammation, as characterised by infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes around the airways and an increase in goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
Patients were monitored for donor engraftment of myeloid and lymphoid cells, for clinical response by serial imaging, and for immunologic response by in vitro isolation of donor-derived CD8 + CTLs recognizing recipient minor histocompatibility (H) antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
Clones from three patients with a partial response or stable disease recognized antigens expressed on renal cell carcinoma tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
CD8 + CTL-recognizing minor H antigens on tumor cells can be isolated posttransplant and could contribute to the graft- versus -tumor effect. (aacrjournals.org)
Yet, if and how the tissue environment shapes the antigen specificity of iNKT cells remains unknown. (elifesciences.org)
This suggests that unique tissue-specific factors (including local lipid antigens, cytokines and/or hormones) may shape the population of iNKT cells resident in those tissues, ultimately regulating local immune responses. (elifesciences.org)
iNKT cells have been traditionally defined by the expression of an invariant TCR α-chain (Vα14-Jα18 in mice or Vα24-Jα18 in humans) and their capacity to recognise the glycolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) presented on CD1d. (elifesciences.org)
Secondary lymphopoiesis (SL) begins when mature B cells enter the extrafollicular area of lymphoid tissue and differentiate into short-lived plasma cells and memory cells after being stimulated by antigen-presenting cells. (medscape.com)
In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
We identified the HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitopes from MAGE-A3 that could effectively induce the activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells using artificial APC in vitro . (thno.org)
In the recent interview with OncLive ® , Dr. Wenham shared the rationale behind combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy is to not only kill cells through cytotoxic activity that increases the amount of antigen exposure, but also chemically debulking tumors. (moffitt.org)
A key mechanism of immune evasion deployed by tumour cells is to reduce neoantigen presentation through down-regulation of the antigen presentation machinery. (portlandpress.com)
Their expression in tumour cells is modulated by a complex interplay of genomic, transcriptomic and post translational factors involving multiple intracellular antigen processing pathways. (portlandpress.com)
Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
NKT cells recognize lipid antigen presented in the context of CD1d molecules. (umaryland.edu)
The CD20 antigen is not found on stem cells or early pro- B cells so these can regenerate the B lymphocyte population. (dermnetnz.org)
Plasma cells are B cells that do not usually express the CD20 antigen, so they mostly survive. (dermnetnz.org)
The features of T cells recognizing the PR3 self-antigen are not known. (reachmd.com)
Intrapulmonary conducting airway cytotoxicity was assessed in fixed-pressure inflated lungs using qualitative histopathology scoring, quantitative morphometric measurement of vacuolated and exfoliating epithelial cells, and immunohistochemistry. (cdc.gov)
Self-antigen1
Methods To overcome the host's unresponsiveness to the self-antigen CSPG4, we have taken advantage of the conservation of CSPG4 sequence through phylogenetic evolution, so we have used a vaccine, based on a chimeric DNA molecule encompassing both human (Hu) and dog (Do) portions of CSPG4 (HuDo-CSPG4). (bmj.com)
Immunologic4
The companion vaccine trial RV305 was designed to permit the evaluation of the immunologic impact of late boosting with either the boosting protein antigen alone, the canarypox viral vector ALVAC alone, or a combination of both. (nih.gov)
that immunologic reactivity to anthrax antigens, if any, and Germaine Hanquet would very likely demonstrate exposure to B. anthracis . (cdc.gov)
To determine immunologic reactivity to Bacillus anthrax antigens, we conducted serologic testing of workers in a The Study factory that performed scouring of wool and goat hair. (cdc.gov)
This phase I trial assessed the safety, efficacy, and immunologic responses to minor histocompatibility antigens following nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)
Protein3
The RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial results showed moderate reduction in viral infections among vaccinees as well as induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and vaccine-specific IgG and IgG3 responses directed at variable loop regions 1 and 2 of the HIV envelope protein. (nih.gov)
Combined exposure to NQ and antigen enhanced the local expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, eotaxin, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 and keratinocyte chemoattractant, compared with exposure to antigen or NQ alone. (ersjournals.com)
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of NQ on airway inflammation, the local expression of cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 and chemokines such as eotaxin, macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) and Ig production related to antigen exposure. (ersjournals.com)
Exposure2
Cytotoxicity would then be increased, due to increased antigen exposure, which makes the combination of PARP inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors attractive, Wenham concludes. (moffitt.org)
Immunotoxicology is defined as the study of the effects re-exposure to the antigen. (cdc.gov)
Immunoglobulin2
The current authors investigated the effects of naphthoquinone (NQ), one of the extractable chemical compounds of DEP, on antigen-related airway inflammation, local expression of cytokine proteins, and antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) production in mice. (ersjournals.com)
DEP enhance the antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E response 5 , 6 and aggravate airway inflammation induced by repetitive intratracheal instillation of antigen in vivo 7 - 10 . (ersjournals.com)
Regulation1
Behçet disease-associated MHC class I residues implicate antigen binding and regulation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (cdc.gov)
Responses1
However, systematic analysis of T cell immune responses to MAGE-A3 antigen and corresponding antigen-specific TCR is still lacking. (thno.org)
Cytokine release1
By integrating IndEx-2 with tools such as the Agilent xCELLigence Real Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) and NovoCyte Flow Cytometer, and cytokine release measurement protocols, the antigen density thresholds required for the activation of potential immunotherapeutic candidates can be determined. (selectscience.net)
Vitro6
Cases of human anthrax have become rare in Europe ( 3,4 ), clonal proliferation when stimulated in vitro by a foreign but they can sometimes result from contact with imported antigen. (cdc.gov)
However, there is a notable paucity of in vitro systems designed to elucidate the relationship between target antigen density and the performance metrics of these therapeutic modalities. (selectscience.net)
In this webinar, Dr. Timothy London, Scientific Director of Molecular Biology at Antibody Analytics will present IndEx-2, an advanced in vitro cell-based platform engineered to modulate the expression of one or two target antigens across a range of biologically relevant levels. (selectscience.net)
Cytotoxicity of orthodontic wire corroded in fluoride solution in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
6. Hanson M, Lobner D. In vitro neuronal cytotoxicity of latex and nonlatex orthodontic elastics. (bvsalud.org)
Cytotoxicity of intermaxillary orthodontic elastics of different colors: An in vitro study. (bvsalud.org)
Lymphocytes3
MHC-I and MHC-II proteins are key components of the antigen presentation machinery responsible for neoantigen presentation to CD8 + and CD4 + T lymphocytes, respectively. (portlandpress.com)
Given by intravenous injection, it is very effective at destroying normal and malignant B lymphocytes that are carrying the CD20 antigen. (dermnetnz.org)
The Fab portion binds to the CD20 antigen on the surface of pre-B and mature B lymphocytes. (dermnetnz.org)
Airway5
The current authors have previously demonstrated that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) enhance antigen-related airway inflammation in mice. (ersjournals.com)
These results provide the first experimental evidence that naphthoquinone can enhance antigen-related airway inflammation in vivo , and that naphthoquinone can, to some extent, partly play a role in the pathogenesis of diesel exhaust particle toxicity on the condition. (ersjournals.com)
The current authors have recently demonstrated that extracted organic chemicals from DEP, rather than residual carbonaceous nuclei of DEP after extraction, predominantly enhance antigen-related airway inflammation in mice 17 . (ersjournals.com)
More recently, it has also been demonstrated that PQ aggravates antigen-related airway inflammation in mice, and that PQ also has adjuvant activity for antigen-specific Igs 25 . (ersjournals.com)
4MEI and vehicle controls caused slight cytotoxicity with rare vacuolization of the epithelium relative to the severe bronchiolar epithelial cell toxicity found in the naphthalene exposed mice at terminal bronchioles, intrapulmonary airways, or airway bifurcations. (cdc.gov)
Cancer1
Recent clinical evidence suggests that high serum levels of the tumor‑produced mucin 16 (MUC16) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) have a negative impact on the effectiveness of RTX clinical activity in up to 40% of patients with follicular lymphoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
Recognition1
Despite this prototypical TCR repertoire gene usage, in recent years it has become apparent that there are variations within the iNKT cell repertoire that ultimately impact the antigen recognition capacity and consequently the functional outcomes during an immune response. (elifesciences.org)
Cell9
NKp30 plays a major role in NK anti-tumor response and immunosurveillance, mainly by activating NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. (wikipedia.org)
Both SALPs showed a low cytotoxicity in all investigated cell types. (nature.com)
Both continue their development in the bone marrow through an antigen-independent process called primary lymphopoiesis (PL). Recognized stages of PL are pro-B cell, pre-B cell, immature B cell, and mature B cell. (medscape.com)
To evaluate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity using different effector:target (E:T) cell ratios. (axionbiosystems.com)
NK cell tolerance occurs naturally in utero where human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E and HLA-G are present. (iupui.edu)
Expressing HLA-E/G in xenografts may provide immune protection from human NK cell cytotoxicity. (iupui.edu)
4MEI treatment did not change markers of cytotoxicity including the mass of vacuolated epithelium, the thickness of the epithelium, or the distributions of epithelial proteins: secretoglobin 1A1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and myeloperoxidase. (cdc.gov)
To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the cytotoxicity among natural latex elastics of different manufacturers using a L929 cell line culture. (bvsalud.org)
Cytotoxicity of two bonding adhesives assessed by three-dimensional cell culture. (bvsalud.org)
Secondary B lymphopoiesis is an antigen-dependent process and occurs in the germinal center of peripheral lymphoid organs with specific antibody production. (medscape.com)
Secondary T lymphopoiesis is also an antigen-dependent process and occurs in the thymus. (medscape.com)
Clones1
CD8 + CTL clones recognizing minor H antigens were isolated from five patients studied. (aacrjournals.org)
Specific2
Also, NQ exhibited adjuvant activity for the antigen-specific production of IgG 1 and IgG 2a . (ersjournals.com)
[2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)
Recognize1
To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. (wikipedia.org)
Class3
The appearance of DSA were preformed (n=5, anti-human leukocyte antigen class II=3, anti-class I and II=2), de novo (n=4, 15.25±4.72 days after transplantation, anti-class II=1, and anti-class I and II=3) and never (n=6). (lww.com)
The class hence determines the function triggered by an antibody after binding to an antigen, in addition to some structural features. (wikipedia.org)
Beyond Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Antigens: Hereditary Hemochromatosis Gene Mutations in Recurrent Aphthous Oral Ulcers and Behçet Disease in the South of Tunisia. (cdc.gov)
Human2
The human immune system is capable of producing up to 10 9 different antibody species to interact with a wide range of antigens. (medscape.com)
An association with human leukocyte antigen DR2 and human leukocyte antigen DR3 has been identified. (medscape.com)
Target1
This has prompted us to develop a vaccination strategy employing the tumor antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)4 as a target. (bmj.com)