Such interactions have often been investigated, in vitro, in experimental animals, using subcellular fractions such as livermicrosomes, but seldom in humans or at the level of individual XME isoforms. (cdc.gov)
The authors have been investigating the metabolism of a number of agrochemicals by human livermicrosomes and recombinant CYP isoforms and have recently embarked on studies of the induction of XMEs in human hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
The insecticides chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, carbofuran and fipronil, as well as the repellant DEET, are all extensively metabolized by human livermicrosomes and, although a number of CYP isoforms may be involved, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 are usually the most important. (cdc.gov)
Tests for antibodies to liver-kidney microsome type 1 (anti-LKM-1), soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA), and livercytosol type 1 (anti-LC1) may be helpful if antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) test results are negative. (medscape.com)
The organelles of sub-cellular origin (nucleus mitochondria , lysosomes, nucleus microsomes) in the homogenate of a tissue liver can be isolated using these techniques of differential centrifugation. (microbiologynote.com)
Additionally, we also developed a hepatocyte-based trapping assay in the present study to overcome the shortcomings of livermicrosomes. (bvsalud.org)
Although livermicrosomes are commonly used as enzyme sources in trapping assays, they lack some of the enzymes required for drug metabolism and detoxification systems. (bvsalud.org)
Ethanol (5 mM) had only a modest effect on the oxidation of acetaminophen in rat livermicrosomes, 7 to 14% inhibition over a range of acetaminophen concentration of 0.1 to 3 mM, whereas a 30 to 40% decline of covalent binding of acetaminophen-derived material was observed in vivo (peak acetaminophen concentration approximately 3 mM). (aspetjournals.org)
Purified rat liver P450 2B1 and rabbit liver 2E1 in the reconstituted system and livermicrosomes from phenobarbital (PB) and pyridine (Pyr) treated rats readily metabolized NOPPA to a methylating species as determined by the in vitro formation of 7-methylguanine (m 7 Gua) in DNA. (elsevierpure.com)
Rat livercytosol, in the presence of NAD + , oxidized NHPPA to NOPPA at a rate of 13.7 ± 3.0 pmol/min/mg protein while microsomes from NT rats catalyzed this reaction at 95.6 ± 16.5 pmol/min/mg protein. (elsevierpure.com)
Juvonen RO, Pentikäinen OT , Huuskonen J, Timonen J, Kärkkäinen O, Heikkinen A, Fashe M, Raunio H. In vitro sulfonation of 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives in livercytosol of human and six animal species. (medchem.fi)
Juvonen RO, Heikkinen AT, Kärkkäinen O, Jehangir R, Huuskonen J, Troberg J, Raunio H, Pentikäinen OT , Finel M. In vitro glucuronidation of 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives in intestine and livermicrosomes of Beagle dogs. (medchem.fi)
and ACAT inhibitory activity by measuring the forming GTF2H of cholesteryl [14C]oleate from [14C]oleoyl-CoA in isolated mouse liver organ microsomes. (gasyblog.com)
Preliminary tests showed the forming of cholesteryl [14C]oleate in mouse liver organ microsomes was linear as much as ~9 minutes as a result a 5 minute incubation was useful for following reactions. (gasyblog.com)
Mitochondria4
DCA was 2.5- to 3-fold higher in cytosol than in whole mitochondria and was directly proportional to GSTZ1 protein expression in the two compartments. (ecolowood.com)
Cytosol and mitochondria were dialyzed with 10-kDa MWCO Slide-A-Lyzer Dialysis Cassettes (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) against 1.15% KCl and 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 before use for 51-77-4 IC50 assays. (ecolowood.com)
Ethanol infusion increased the ratio of total hepatocellular NADH/NAD+, and the ratio of free NADH/NAD+ in cytosol and mitochondria as a consequence of sequential oxidations of ethanol producing acetaldehyde and acetic acid in the respective compartments. (aspetjournals.org)
Endoplasmic reticulum2
SERCA is responsible for pumping cytosolic Ca 2+ into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) store and thus maintaining the intracellular concentrations of Ca 2+ both in the cytosol and in the ER store. (jneurosci.org)
Using GFP localization studies and splitGFP, the actual localization could be determined to be the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, which could be confirmed by sucrose density centrifugation using isolated microsomes. (uni-muenchen.de)
Differential3
In a typical situation that differential centrifugation is utilized to study cell-biological processes (e.g. organelle distribution) A tissue specimen is very first de-lysed in order to cut the cell membranes, and let out organelles and the cytosol. (microbiologynote.com)
Cytosol and microsomes obtained by differential centrifugation of tissues homogenates, were used for enzymes determination. (uevora.pt)
The 13,000supernatant was further subjected to differential centrifugation to isolate cytosol and washed microsomes (James et al. (ecolowood.com)
Subcellular fractions2
Subcellular fractions like S9, cytosol, and microsomes obtained from tissues of different animals of choice can be used as a suitable test system to understand drug development metabolic pathways. (kosheeka.com)
Out of many subcellular fractions used regularly in a preclinical research setting, microsomes contain a cocktail of most enzymes involved in drug metabolism, including transporter enzymes like cytochrome P450. (kosheeka.com)
Incubation1
In vitro incubation of NHPPA with microsomes from PB, Pyr and non-treated (NT) rats and a human microsomal sample also resulted in m 7 Gua formation. (elsevierpure.com)
Microsomal2
In vitro intrinsic sulfation clearance (CL int, SULT ) was determined in human intestinal and hepatic cytosol and compared with hepatic and intestinal microsomal glucuronidation (CL int, UGT ) and P450 clearance (CL int, CYP ) expressed per gram of tissue. (aspetjournals.org)
7. Serum activities of mitochondrial, plasma membrane, microsomal, lysosomal and cytosol marker enzymes tended to increase post-ligation, particularly at 8 days. (portlandpress.com)
Decreased Ca 2+ release in aminergic neurons during development of the flight circuit can be compensated by reducing Ca 2+ uptake from the cytosol to intracellular stores. (jneurosci.org)
Membrane1
However, salt treatment of protoplasts, expressing the respective N-terminus of DJC31 or DJC62 fused to GFP, revealed that both proteins are released from the ER membrane into the cytosol under salt stress conditions, which indicates a regulation of DJC31 and DJC62 on the protein level. (uni-muenchen.de)
Vesicle1
Because it is separated from the cytosol , the inside of the vesicle can be made to be different from the cytosolic environment. (wikipedia.org)
Protein1
Scatchard analysis showed the Kd of proOmpA to be 7.5 X 10(-9) M. Binding is most likely protein mediated as treatment of the microsomes with the protease papain was found to be inhibitory. (escholarship.org)
Human1
We also offer pooled/single donor fractions of S9, microsomes, and cytosols from non-human primates like monkeys, dogs, etc. (kosheeka.com)
Activity4
2. Acetyl-CoA: N-acetylneuraminate-9(or 7)-O-acetyltransferase activity was found in a microsome fraction and in the cytosol of bovine submandibular glands. (nih.gov)
6. Lactate dehydrogenase, a cytosol enzyme, showed a decrease in activity after 1 day but an increase in tissue activities 8 days after ligation. (portlandpress.com)
The P‐450 appears to be the one responsible for leukotriene B 4 ω‐hydroxylation, because leukotriene B 4 inhibits the formation of 20‐hydroxy‐LXB 4 and LXB 4 blocks the leukotriene B 4 ω‐hydroxylase activity in microsomes. (elsevierpure.com)
The 20‐carboxy‐LXB 4 ‐forming activity is localized in cytosol, with an optimal pH of 8.5. (elsevierpure.com)
The binding to microsomes of radiolabeled proOmpA is saturable and inhibited by the addition of unlabeled proOmpA but not by mature OmpA or other proteins. (escholarship.org)
GSD type Id is deficiency in a transporter that translocates free glucose molecules from microsomes into the cytosol. (medscape.com)
Free2
We have used a cytosol-free assay in which efficient translocation and signal peptide cleavage is achieved when the affinity-purified precursor of OmpA (proOmpA) is diluted out of 8 M urea into a suspension of yeast rough microsomes. (escholarship.org)
However, acetaminophen alone also increased free NADH/NAD+ in cytosol, and there was no indication that N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine consumed NADH generated by the oxidation of ethanol. (aspetjournals.org)
Active1
With the masculine hormone at a low point, cortisol effects of steroids in contrast to PDE7B, PDE7A is active both in the cytosol and microsomes (Han. (youinweb.com)