NucleusNucleiNuclearProteinsNeuronsReplicationCytosolMembraneCellsInclusionsAbundantMitochondrialInclusion bodiesMRNACharacteristicRetentionFertilityCellularBiomarkerEukaryotaPhenotypeUbiquitinationSpermTranscriptionCellGeneticsGeneConcentrationStructuresFormationRatsProteinFoundTypicalComponentsMaleFunctionTypesRoundStudiesPresenceDistributionExpress
Nucleus13
- We summarise the evidence for the adaptive importance of cytoplasmic genes before detailing coadaptation between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and amongst cytoplasmic components. (nature.com)
- Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. (nih.gov)
- Typically it shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm to perform its functions, while abnormal cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). (nature.com)
- The histology in all these cases is similar, with TDP-43 present in cytoplasmic inclusions in glia and neurons, thus partially or totally cleared from the nucleus 21 , 22 . (nature.com)
- As LINE1s become active, some of their copies leak outside the cell nucleus into the cytoplasm," Gorbunova says. (genengnews.com)
- plump polyhedral nevus cells: Abundant cytoplasm is filled with pigment and has a small round to oval nucleus with bland appearance. (aao.org)
- slender spindle nevus cells (Fig 12-16): The cytoplasm contains scant pigment and a small, dark, elongated nucleus. (aao.org)
- balloon cells: Abundant, foamy cytoplasm lacks pigment and has a bland nucleus. (aao.org)
- The tumor cells were arranged in focal acinar or follicular pattern with a round-to-oval nucleus, moderate anisonucleosis, fine nuclear chromatin, and moderate-to-abundant fragile cytoplasm with the focal presence of fine granules. (cytojournal.com)
- FnipL/Fnip2 and Flcn were located together in the cytoplasm in a reticular pattern, although solely expressed Flcn was found mainly in the nucleus. (nih.gov)
- Using cell fractionation and immunoprecipitation, we further demonstrated that Nrf2 and Keap1 were both detected in the cytoplasm and nucleus. (cdc.gov)
- Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assay revealed that Cd substantially increased the ARE occupancy of Nrf2 but not keap1, indicating Keap1 may recycle from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. (cdc.gov)
- The cytoplasm and nucleus of granulocytes fluoresced greenish-yellow and red, respectively, with supravital stain. (bvsalud.org)
Nuclei4
- Histologically, a melanocytoma is composed of large polyhedral cells with small round to oval nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. (aao.org)
- Epithelioid melanoma cells resemble epithelium because of their abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and enlarged round to oval nuclei. (aao.org)
- DAPI, once added to tissue culture cells, is rapidly taken up into cellular DNA, yielding highly fluorescent nuclei and no detectable cytoplasmic fluorescence. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Hepatic effects including enlarged centrilobular cells with pale nuclei and dark cytoplasm were observed in males exposed to 150 mglkgiday or more. (cdc.gov)
Nuclear12
- However, UHRF1 is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos, where it may play a role unrelated to the nuclear function. (life-science-alliance.org)
- Our nuclear transfer experiment showed that the phenotype is attributable to cytoplasmic rather than nuclear defects of the zygotes. (life-science-alliance.org)
- Finally, we discuss how both nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes have evolved to co-inhabit the same host cell via one of the longest symbiotic processes, and all the opportunities for intergenomic conflict that arise due to divergence in inheritance patterns. (nature.com)
- Interestingly, cytoplasmic genetic elements have been shown to have very different inheritance patterns to classic Mendelian nuclear chromosomes. (nature.com)
- Following TDP-43 sequestration in insoluble aggregates, we observed higher nuclear levels of EIF4A3 and POLDIP3β, whereas nuclear levels of DNMT3A, HNRNPA3, PABPC1 and POLDIP3α dropped and cytoplasmic levels of RANBP1 dropped. (nature.com)
- In addition, immunofluorescence signal intensity quantifications showed increased nuclear expression of HNRNPL and YARS and downregulation of cytoplasmic DPCD. (nature.com)
- Furthermore, cytoplasmic levels of predominantly nuclear protein ALYREF increased. (nature.com)
- CMS can be suppressed by specific nuclear genes called restorers of fertility ( Rf ), which restore partial to normal pollen production to plants carrying a corresponding CMS-inducing cytoplasm. (frontiersin.org)
- The lack of restorer lines for the newly identified male-sterility led us to predict that it might be a complete cytoplasmic male-sterility without restorer-of-fertility genes in nuclear genomes. (springer.com)
- Selection of nuclear genotypes associated with the thermo-sensitivity of Owen-type cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. (springer.com)
- In this study, we show that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) nonstructural protein 1alpha (nsp1alpha) escapes innate immunity and also promotes virus proliferation by modulating nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation and distribution ratio of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factors (TRAF) interacting protein (TRAIP). (usda.gov)
- Nuclear DNA appeared orthochromatically greenish-yellow, but cytoplasmic RNA was observed to be metachromatically red under the fluorescence microscope. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins7
- Proteins that require disulfide bonds for their folding thus can be oxidized and form stable disulfide bonds within the cytoplasm. (neb.com)
- This feature greatly enhances the fidelity of disulfide bond formation in the cytoplasm, and proteins with multiple disulfide bonds are correctly oxidized to significantly higher yields. (neb.com)
- A network of membrane compartments, located at the cytoplasmic side of the GOLGI APPARATUS, where proteins and lipids are sorted for transport to various locations in the cell or cell membrane. (umassmed.edu)
- During an infection, viral RNA is introduced into the cell cytoplasm so that it can be read and translated into proteins needed for viral replication. (pasteur.fr)
- Both proteins were ubiquitinated in the cytoplasm. (cdc.gov)
- He could see that one of our favourite proteins, HIF-2a, is non-canonically expressed in the cytoplasm in these tumors. (lu.se)
- In the following, we refer to pump of halophilic archaebacteria, has become the these as the extracellular (EC) channel and the paradigm of membrane proteins in general and ion cytoplasmic (CP) channel. (lu.se)
Neurons2
- intercellular continuities between neurons that allow for cytoplasmic continuity and the direct transfer of electrical and chemical signals btw. (quizlet.com)
- Dementia with Lewy bodies is chronic cognitive deterioration characterized by cellular inclusions called Lewy bodies in the cytoplasm of cortical neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
Replication1
- To counter this replication, human cells express cytoplasmic RIG-I-like receptors, which serve as the first line of defense against viral infections. (pasteur.fr)
Cytosol2
- Mammalian CDs are surrounded by a cell membrane and contain cytoplasm that houses the cytosol and cytoskeletal network [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Two concepts have been proposed for the cytoplasmic distribution process of hydrophobic or amphipathic molecules, (i) slowing of diffusion due to instantaneous binding to immobile cellular structures and (ii) slow binding after instantaneous distribution throughout the cytosol. (nih.gov)
Membrane1
- After matching the models for the relative dispersion the remaining differences in relative skewness are predicted, discussing the relative roles of membrane permeability, cellular binding and cytoplasmic transport. (nih.gov)
Cells6
- Cytoplasmic treads transversely through plant cell walls connecting the cytoplasm between neighbouring cells. (bspp.org.uk)
- We report that SIRT6-deficient cells and tissues accumulate abundant cytoplasmic L1 cDNA, which triggers strong type I interferon response via activation of cGAS. (genengnews.com)
- Note the balloon cells (arrowheads) with abundant foamy cytoplasm. (aao.org)
- The cytoplasmic melanin content in melanoma cells can vary considerably. (aao.org)
- When the cells are contaminated with Mycoplasmas, characteristic discrete fluorescent foci are readily detected over the cytoplasm and sometimes in intercellular spaces. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- This complex is found in the fluid inside cells (cytoplasm). (medlineplus.gov)
Inclusions2
- Cytoplasmic inclusions are pinwheels. (wikipedia.org)
- Lewy bodies are spherical, eosinophilic, neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions composed of aggregates of alpha-synuclein, a synaptic protein. (msdmanuals.com)
Abundant1
- and abundant, deeply basophilic cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
Mitochondrial1
- Bonhomme S, Budar F, Ferault M, Pelletier G (1991) A 2.5 kb Nco I fragment of Ogura radish mitochondrial DNA is correlated with cytoplasmic male-sterility in Brassica cybrids. (springer.com)
Inclusion bodies1
- Inclusion bodies in the host cell are found in the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
MRNA1
- and positive regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly. (nih.gov)
Characteristic1
- cytoplasm and a characteristic serrated cytoplasmic border. (bvsalud.org)
Retention2
- One known cause is the retention of excess cytoplasm around the midpiece due to an arrest in spermiogenesis and incomplete cytoplasmic extrusion [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cytoplasmic retention of Flcn was canceled with C-terminal truncation of FnipL/Fnip2, suggesting that FnipL/Fnip2 regulates Flcn distribution through their complex formation. (nih.gov)
Fertility1
- Bentolila S, Alfonso AA, Hanson MR (2002) A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene restores fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile plants. (springer.com)
Cellular2
- As a consequence of tissue binding, however, drug distribution cannot be regarded as instantaneous even at the cellular level and the distribution process consists of at least two components: transmembrane exchange and cytoplasmic transport. (nih.gov)
- The relative dispersion of cellular residence times is introduced as a model-independent measure of cytoplasmic equilibration kinetics, which indicates whether diffusion through the cytoplasm is rate limiting. (nih.gov)
Biomarker1
- He also shows that presence of cytoplasmic HIF-2a functions as a biomarker to better diagnose and characterise patients with virtually untreatable metastatic paraganglioma. (lu.se)
Eukaryota1
- We first explore the origins of vertical transmission and uniparental inheritance, before detailing the vast diversity of cytoplasmic inheritance systems across Eukaryota. (nature.com)
Phenotype1
- Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widespread phenotype in plants, which present a defect in the production of functional pollen. (frontiersin.org)
Ubiquitination1
- Enrichment of nsp1alpha-induced cytoplasmic TRAIP in turn leads to excessive K48 ubiquitination and degradation of serine/threonine-protein kinase (TBK1), thereby antagonizing TBK1-IRF3-IFN signaling. (usda.gov)
Sperm2
- When the cytoplasm around the sperm midpiece is present in large amounts, however, pathological effects may transpire. (biomedcentral.com)
- The cytoplasmic droplet then becomes known as excess residual cytoplasm, which can impair overall sperm function and produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species, potentially leading to male infertility. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcription1
- Similarly, L1 transcription, cytoplasmic cDNA copy number, and type I interferons were elevated in the wild-type aged mice. (genengnews.com)
Cell2
- Any DNA in the cytoplasm is a signal for alarm, as it resembles viruses that are invading the cell. (genengnews.com)
- The movement of CYTOPLASM within a CELL. (bvsalud.org)
Genetics1
- We discuss the diversity and patterns of genome organisation for cytoplasmic elements and examine the population genetics of CIEs, highlighting the tension between within- and between-individual spread. (nature.com)
Gene1
- Brown GG, Formanova N, Jin H, Wargachuk R, Dendy C, Patil P, Laforest M, Zhang J, Cheung WY, Landry BS (2003) The radish Rfo restorer gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a protein with multiple pentatricopeptide repeats. (springer.com)
Concentration2
- Normally, the concentration of cytoplasmic DA is kept at a minimum by continuous pumping activity of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)2. (jneurosci.org)
- MgtA imports free Mg2+ from the periplasm to the cytoplasm, causing an increase in cytoplasmic Mg2+ concentration. (lu.se)
Structures1
- Using molecular dynamics simulations of a comprehensive atomistic model cytoplasm we found that protein-protein interactions may destabilize native protein structures, whereas metabolite interactions may induce more compact states due to electrostatic screening. (elifesciences.org)
Formation3
- How do SHuffle® strains aid in cytoplasmic disulfide bond formation? (neb.com)
- SHuffle is a mutant E.coli strain lacking the two reductases ( trxB and gor ) with an additional suppressor mutation ( ahpC ) which restores viability, allowing the formation of stable disulfide bonds in the cytoplasm. (neb.com)
- In the cytoplasm, however, free DA can give rise to formation of cytotoxic free radicals. (jneurosci.org)
Rats1
- Hepatocyte hyperplasia and cytoplasmic eosinophilia were noted in rats and mice exposed to 1,280 and 300 mg/kg/day HMX, respectively, for 14 days (Army 1985d, 1985e). (cdc.gov)
Protein1
- Cd did not affect the protein levels of Keap1, which is a repressor of the cytoplasmic Nrf2, or Cul-3, an E3 ligase involved in the proteasomal degradation of Nrf2. (cdc.gov)
Found1
- Virions are found in the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
Typical2
- Illustration comparing ( A ) spermatozoa with typical cytoplasmic droplets (CD) and ( B ) spermatozoa presenting with excess residual cytoplasm (ERC). (biomedcentral.com)
- Typical cytoplasmic macromolecular concentrations are 300-450 g/L or 25-45 vol% ( Zimmerman and Trach, 1991 ). (elifesciences.org)
Components1
- Intriguingly, cytoplasmic lattices were disorganized, and mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and components of the subcortical maternal complex were mislocalized. (life-science-alliance.org)
Male4
- Recent studies have shown cytoplasmic droplets to be normal morphological occurrences in human male spermatozoa. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been characterized in over 140 natural species ( Laser and Lersten, 1972 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Discovery of a novel cytoplasmic male-sterility and its restorer lines in radish (Raphanus sativus L. (springer.com)
- Bannerot H, Loulidard L, Cauderon MY, Tempe J (1974) Transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility from Raphanus sativus to Brassica oleracea . (springer.com)
Function1
- Thus, maternal UHRF1 regulates the proper cytoplasmic architecture and function of oocytes and preimplantation embryos, likely through a mechanism unrelated to DNA methylation. (life-science-alliance.org)
Types1
- Cytoplasmic "guardians" (types of DNA sensors) detect invaders and trigger immune responses such as inflammation. (genengnews.com)
Round1
- The neutrophils were round, and the cytoplasm contained cytoplasmic granules. (bvsalud.org)
Studies1
- Though the distinction between cytoplasmic droplets and excess residual cytoplasm has been made, some studies fail to recognize the difference and incorrectly label the latter as a cytoplasmic droplet. (biomedcentral.com)
Presence1
- The presence of basophils was infrequent with distinct blue color cytoplasmic granules. (bvsalud.org)
Distribution2
- The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) treatment market can be segmented based on route of administration of drug, distribution channel, and region. (openpr.com)
- In terms of distribution channel, the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) treatment market can be categorized into retail store, pharmacy, and e-commerce. (openpr.com)