Cytoplasmic viral structural proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. (wikipedia.org)
At this point, intermediate genes are expressed, triggering genomic DNA replication by the viral DNA polymerase about 100 minutes post-infection. (wikipedia.org)
In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)
Jointly virus-induced compartmentalization from the web host translational equipment represents a technique for infections to spatiotemporally few viral proteins synthesis with viral replication and set up. (biongenex.com)
These viruses stimulate canonical cap-dependent initiation of translation by promoting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 subunit F (eIF4F) assembly while simultaneously stimulating the dephosphorylation of eIF2α to avoid suppression Timosaponin b-II of protein translation (7 8 Alternatively two DNA viruses that replicate in the cytosol poxviruses and asfarviruses have been suggested to promote viral translation by recruiting host translational factors to the sites of viral replication (9 -11). (biongenex.com)
Replication takes place in cytoplasmic viral factories . (expasy.org)
It is believed that NS2 plays a crucial role in major processes during the propagation of virus such as viral replication, assembly, regulation of cellular gene expression and in the induction of apoptosis. (ijbbb.org)
Our study also demonstrated that other members of the FHL family can bind to CHIKV HVD and thus may be involved in viral replication. (ebat2018.org)
Previously, we have demonstrated that the hypervariable domain (HVD) of CHIKV nsP3 contains linear motifs that recruit defined families of host proteins into formation of functional viral replication complexes. (ebat2018.org)
In contrast to previously described binding of G3BP to CHIKV HVD, the FHL1-HVD interaction was found to not be a prerequisite of viral replication. (ebat2018.org)
After the release from infectious virions, G RNA serves as a template for translation of four nonstructural proteins, nsP1 to nsP4, which CHK1-IN-2 are the viral components of replication complexes (vRCs). (ebat2018.org)
Their CHK1-IN-2 assembly requires participation of a large variety of host proteins, which are indispensable for viral replication. (ebat2018.org)
Binds RNA and may function as a RNA chaperone to induce the RNA structural rearrangements taking place during virus replication (PubMed:18033802). (proteopedia.org)
SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) protein plays a critical role in multiple steps of the viral life cycle and participates in viral replication, transcription, and assembly. (ijbs.com)
The primary roles of N protein are to assemble with genomic RNA into the viral RNA-protein (vRNP) complex and to localize to the replication transcription complexes (RTCs) to enhance viral replication and transcription. (ijbs.com)
N protein can also undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with viral genome RNA and inhibit stress granules to facilitate viral replication and assembly. (ijbs.com)
In this review article, we are focusing on the signaling mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in viral replication, cell death and inflammation. (ijbs.com)
The coronavirus replication cycle begins with the translation of the 29-kb positive-strand genomic RNA to produce two large polyprotein species (pp1a and pp1ab), which are subse- quently cleaved to produce 15 or possibly 16 nonstructural proteins (nsp's) (11). (pdfroom.com)
577Role of Cellular Proteins in RV Replication. (vdocuments.net)
The RRE is essential for HIV replication and binds with the Rev protein to facilitate the export of viral mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm. (irsicaixa.es)
Host cell signalases and viral encodes proteases would accomplish the processing of poly-protein and give rise to three structural proteins that includes core (C), preMembrane (prM) and envelop (E) and seven non-structural proteins NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5 which are responsible for the replication, viral transcription and also involves in alteration of host immune responses [3,4] . (ommegaonline.org)

Furthermore we discover the fact that reovirus nonstructural proteins σNS affiliates with Timosaponin b-II 43S preinitiation complexes on the manufacturer margins suggesting a job for σNS in translation. (biongenex.com)
Mutations leading to loss of pathogenicity have emerged in the Northern Hemisphere, envelope (E) protein glycosylation together with muta- or whether the virulence of the virus and the severity of the tions in the nonstructural (NS) protein genes may be as- disease are underestimated in South Africa. (cdc.gov)
In this study, we show that PRRSV nonstructural protein 1alpha (nsp1alpha), a protein made by the virus, will alter how the pig's immune system functions. (usda.gov)
In this study, we show that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) nonstructural protein 1alpha (nsp1alpha) escapes innate immunity and also promotes virus proliferation by modulating nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation and distribution ratio of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factors (TRAF) interacting protein (TRAIP). (usda.gov)
Abstract -Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) is a transmembranal protein with a hydrophobic amino-terminal subdomain containing up to three putative transmembrane segments and a carboxyterminal cytoplasmic domain. (ijbbb.org)
The structural proteins are identified while in the N terminal area, though the nonstructural proteins are encoded through the C terminus. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
After being entry, the viral and host membranes can fuse together and then release the positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 that directly translates into the structural and nonstructural proteins [ 9 ]. (ijbs.com)

Launch Translation of mRNAs by eukaryotic cells is Timosaponin b-II certainly a complicated energy-dependent process that may be quickly suppressed in response to mobile stressors such as for example negative energy stability starvation growth aspect withdrawal hypoxia proteins misfolding and viral contamination (reviewed in reference 1). (biongenex.com)
It could concentrate the factors needed for translation of viral mRNAs close to the sites of viral transcription potentially linking the two processes and increasing the efficiency of gene expression as occurs in prokaryotes (12). (biongenex.com)
The dsRNA genome is transcribed/replicated thereby providing viral mRNAs/new ssRNA(+) genomes. (expasy.org)
The virus therefore requires a mechanism for transporting incompletely spliced and unspliced mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for either protein expression or for encapsidation of the full-length or genomic mRNA. (peerj.com)
In spite of this, most of the RRE variants were able to bind Rev and promote the cytoplasmic export of the viral mRNAs with equivalent efficiency in a cell-based assay. (irsicaixa.es)

Expression of early-phase genes by viral RNA polymerase begins at 30 minutes after infection. (wikipedia.org)
[ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
Mechanisms of nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of ASFV genome and designof anti-NLS/NES backbone cyclic peptides to prevent viral infection. (cienciavitae.pt)
Here, we describe coinfection and superinfection with the Mayaro virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) and Zika virus (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) in vertebrate and mosquito cells, as well as Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes, to understand the interaction dynamics of these pathogens and effects on viral infection, dissemination, and transmission. (bvsalud.org)
Coinfection and superinfection can have synergistic, neutral, or antagonistic effects on viral infection dynamics and ultimately have impacts on human health. (bvsalud.org)
The viral protein-host protein interaction inhibits the pig's immune response which gives the virus an advantage and leads to a chronic infection of the pig. (usda.gov)
To develop specific anti-coronavirus therapeutics and prophylactics, the molecular mechanism that underlies viral infection must first be defined. (nature.com)
Here we generated a series of lipopeptides derived from EK1 and found that EK1C4 was the most potent fusion inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated membrane fusion and pseudovirus infection with IC50s of 1.3 and 15.8 nM, about 241- and 149-fold more potent than the original EK1 peptide, respectively. (nature.com)
It has been shown that the populations of microbial communities in oceans are largely regulated by viral infection and thus affect the marine ecosystem. (utep.edu)
The capsid not only protects the genetic material of the virus, but also helps in host-virus recognition, which is the critical initial step for viral infection. (utep.edu)
The crystal structure of MCP will provide insights about the virus-host interaction as well as viral infection strategy and genome delivery mechanism. (utep.edu)
We observed a decreased HLA-I expression after infection, associated with the presentation of only few viral peptides derived from structural and non-structural proteins (n=16). (institutcochin.fr)
In addition, analysis of the morphology of infected β-cells showed the formation of filopodia (thin cytoplasmic protrusions), which allowed the infection to spread to other β-cells. (institutcochin.fr)
Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. (wjgnet.com)
HCV viral proteins possess the capability to inhibit host induced apoptosis, proven fact that could allow the establishment of the persistent infection. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of brain caused by either host immune response or viral infection. (ommegaonline.org)
Innate immune response against viral infection depends on rapid recognition of viral antigens by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) which are a conserved structures present on viral pathogens. (ommegaonline.org)

Fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane releases the viral core into the host cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
The viral core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, releasing the viral genome into the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
Uncoating, and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cytoplasm. (expasy.org)
This is followed by the fusion of the viral envelope with the cell plasma membrane and the delivery of the viral capsid into the cell cytoplasm. (doctor-dr.com)
The virus proteins VHS and VP16 are also released in the cytoplasm along with the capsid proteins. (doctor-dr.com)
This is a network of microtubules and filaments that plays a primary role in maintaining the plant cell shape and giving the cell cytoplasm support and maintaining its structural organization. (bungenas.se)

ORF 3 encodes a small immunogenic protein. (expasy.org)
Found upstream of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), ORF10 (117 nt long) encodes for a protein that is 38 amino acids in length. (biorxiv.org)
As an enveloped virus with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, NDV encodes the six structural proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and large polymerase protein (L) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
There are between 60 and 120 genes in the large herpesvirus genome, which encodes at least 100 distinct proteins. (doctor-dr.com)
RNA encodes a poly-protein precursor of approximately 3400 amino acid. (ommegaonline.org)

CroV MCP gene was codon optimized, synthesized, and amplified by PCR followed by cloning into a bacterial expression system in order to obtain purified protein of high homogeneity. (utep.edu)
Lentiviral gene delivery systems consist of packaging (or helper) plasmids that code for viral structural and regulatory proteins, and a gene transfer vector that contains the transgene expression cassette ( Srinivasakumar, 2001 ). (peerj.com)
Although HIV-1 based gene transfer vectors lack most of the viral coding sequences, it retains a small portion of the gag sequence, and also contains a 5′ splice donor site upstream of gag and frequently a 3′ splice acceptor site further downstream. (peerj.com)
In addition, since the gene encoding the A56 protein is non-essential, it can be used as an insertion point for foreign genes and has been deleted in some viruses that are in clinical development as oncolytic agents. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The protein encompassing the predicted MetT-PCP domains of HEV ORF1 was tested for deubiquitinating activity using fluorogenic substrates - ubiquitin-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC), IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)-AMC, Nedd8-AMC and SUMO-AMC. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Silencing of gene also decreased NAMPT protein levels ( (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
A viral nuclear noncoding RNA binds re-localized poly(A) binding protein and is required for late KSHV gene expression. (uiowa.edu)
Herpesviruses contain a variety of virus-specific enzymes involved in the control of protein synthesis, gene expression, nucleic acid metabolism, and DNA synthesis (DNA polymerase, helicase-primase, thymidine kinase, transcription factors, protein kinases). (doctor-dr.com)
This gene is located in a cluster of closely related salivary proline-rich proteins on chromosome 12. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
gene: the gp120 ectodomain may be the many adjustable the gp41 ectodomain may be the least adjustable as PF 3716556 well as the gp41 cytoplasmic tail (gp41-CT) lies somewhere in between with an intermediate level of sequence diversity and phylogenetic development [29]. (biosemiotics2013.org)
The carboxyl-terminal 64 aa of gamma(1)34.5 protein are homologous to the corresponding domain of MyD116, the murine growth arrest and DNA damage gene 34 (GADD34) protein and the two domains are functionally interchangeable in infected cells. (scienceopen.com)
Interestingly, a larger NS1-related protein NS1' (NS1 prime) is produced as a result of -1 ribosomal frame shift event, generated due to a conserved slippery heptanucleotide motif located near the upstream of NS2A gene and is induced by a downstream RNA pseudo knot structure [5] . (ommegaonline.org)
the FXN gene codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (msdmanuals.com)

Vesicular nucleo-cytoplasmic transport is becoming recognized as a general cellular mechanism for translocation of large cargoes across the nuclear envelope. (princeton.edu)

Assembly of progeny virions begins in cytoplasmic viral factories, producing a spherical immature particle. (wikipedia.org)
Likewise the viral single-stranded RNA binding proteins σNS localized towards the manufacturer margins and got a tubulovesicular staining design that extended a brief distance Timosaponin b-II through the margins from the factories and colocalized with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers. (biongenex.com)
Reoviruses replicate and assemble within cytoplasmic inclusions known as viral factories. (biongenex.com)
Right here we record that energetic translation takes place within viral factories which translational elements are compartmentalized within factories. (biongenex.com)
The last decade has been marked by two eminent discoveries that have changed our perception of the virology field: The discovery of giant viruses and a distinct new class of viral agents that parasitize their viral factories, the virophages. (mdpi.com)

2 In particular, the 3'-terminus encompasses multiple open reading frames (ORFs) that encode four main structural proteins: the spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. (biorxiv.org)
POLG_HCV77 Packages viral RNA to form a viral nucleocapsid, and promotes virion budding (Probable). (proteopedia.org)
SARS-CoV-2 genome consists of 14 functional open reading frames (ORFs), including two regions (ORF1a and ORF1b) for 16 non-structural proteins (Nsp1-Nsp16), nine regions for nine putative accessory proteins, and other regions for four structural proteins, spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins [ 5 - 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
The double-stranded DNA genome contains 125-240 kbp nucleotides, and 162 hollow hexagonal and pentagonal capsomeres make up the nucleocapsid, which together with the icosahedral protein capsid has an average width of 100 nm. (doctor-dr.com)

Chakroborty, Sayan, "Expression and characterization of major capsid protein (MCP) of a giant marine virus: Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV)" (2013). (utep.edu)

Late genes are expressed from 140 min to 48 hours postinfection, producing all viral structural proteins. (wikipedia.org)
2 strains possessed the envelope-protein glycosylation site genes are induced by highly neuroinvasive lineage 1 and previously postulated to be associated with virulence. (cdc.gov)
however, the genes encoding for these proteins are maintained in the coronavirus (CoV) genome, suggesting they might play important roles within the environment of the infected host. (biorxiv.org)
At least one of these genes, flavin-monooxygenase-2, is a well-conserved protein known to be involved in xenobiotic metabolism. (uw.edu)

The phi6 major envelope protein P9 and the non-structural protein P12 are essential for the envelopment of its virions. (biomedcentral.com)
The latter RNA functions as a template for translation of viral structural proteins, which ultimately package the newly synthesized viral genomes into infectious virions. (ebat2018.org)
The breakthrough the fact that gp41-CT interacts using the p55Gag precursor during viral set up and guarantees Env incorporation into virions provides resulted in a reconsideration from the functional need for this domain. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Parallel magnificent developments in cell and virion imagery and incredibly recent studies over the biophysical features of older and immature virions predicated on Atomic Drive Microscopy (AFM) [32] and STED microscopy [33] offer new insights in to the contribution from the gp41-CT to viral fusion performance. (biosemiotics2013.org)

By using both real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction TaqMan assay and an infectivity plaque assay, we determined that approximately 360 viral genomes were required to generate a PFU. (cdc.gov)
We have optimized both a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) TaqMan assay for quantifying the number of viral genomes and a plaque assay for performing titration of the virus infectivity. (cdc.gov)

Of them, SARS-CoV-2 S protein binds to its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [ 8 , 9 ], to enter the cells. (ijbs.com)
Such as the movement of MP-30 proteins of the Tobacco mosaic virus, which binds to the viral genome moving it from infected cell to non-infected cell, through the plasmodesmata.MP-30 is thought to bind to the virus's own genome and shuttle it from infected cells to uninfected cells through plasmodesmata. (bungenas.se)

The cystovirus Pseudomonas phage phi6 has an envelope that harbors five viral membrane proteins and phospholipids derived from the cytoplasmic membrane of its Gram-negative host. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results demonstrate that the phi6 major envelope protein P9 can trigger formation of cytoplasmic membrane structures in E. coli in the absence of any other viral protein. (biomedcentral.com)
The only bacteriophages known to have a lipid envelope around their protein capsids are the members of the Cystoviridae family [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Early studies on nonsense mutants of phage phi6 suggested that the major envelope protein P9 and the non-structural protein P12 are the only proteins needed for phi6 virion envelopment [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Virus entrance is mediated by spikes of viral glycoproteins, which are 8 nm long and project from the trilaminar lipid host-derived envelope. (doctor-dr.com)
The tegument, an amorphous proteinaceous layer outside the capsid of mature viral particles, is encircled by a lipid envelope made of host cell membranes. (doctor-dr.com)
At least 10 of these polypeptides make up the viral envelope, and more than 35 are involved in the formation of the virus particle. (doctor-dr.com)

The interaction between E2 and host apolipoprotein E/APOE allows the proper assembly, maturation and infectivity of the viral particles (PubMed:25122793, PubMed:29695434). (proteopedia.org)
In this study, the structural requirement of sterols for infectivity, buoyant density and apolipoprotein association of HCV was investigated further. (microbiologyresearch.org)
both intensive Env intracellular interactions and trafficking with numerous cellular and viral proteins optimizing viral infectivity. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Early studies from the gp41-CT generally attended to the immunogenic properties from the Kennedy epitope or the viroporin properties from the α-helical lentiviral lytic peptides LLP-1 LLP-2 and LLP-3 and PF 3716556 their function in viral incorporation and infectivity. (biosemiotics2013.org)
It had been nevertheless only extremely lately that its function in modulating Env appearance and viral infectivity through various interactions with mobile partners began to be valued. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Right here we review current understanding over the gp41-CT and its own believed framework and work as a regulator of viral infectivity. (biosemiotics2013.org)

IMPORTANCE Viruses absence biosynthetic features and rely upon the web host for proteins synthesis. (biongenex.com)
This dependence needs viruses to progress systems to coerce the web host translational equipment into synthesizing viral protein when confronted with ongoing cellular tension replies that suppress global proteins synthesis. (biongenex.com)
Nevertheless synthesis of viral proteins was considered to take place in the cytosol. (biongenex.com)
As a consequence all viruses must subvert cell-mediated suppression of translation to effectively maintain viral protein synthesis (3). (biongenex.com)
Viral protein synthesis could then also occur in close proximity to the sites of virus assembly providing an efficient mechanism to recruit. (biongenex.com)
A functional role for intra-axonal protein synthesis during axonal regeneration from adult sensory neurons. (uiowa.edu)
The tegument is made up of enzymes like VP16, which subverts cellular proteins, enzymes involved in viral nucleic acid reproduction, and VHS (Virion Host Shut off), which stops the host cell's cytoplasmic protein synthesis. (doctor-dr.com)
The gamma(1)34.5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 complexes with protein phosphatase 1alpha to dephosphorylate the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 and preclude the shutoff of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase. (scienceopen.com)
In human cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is activated but phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) and total shutoff of protein synthesis is observed only in cells infected with gamma(1)z34.5- mutants. (scienceopen.com)
These results indicate that in infected cells, gamma(1)34.5 interacts with and redirects phosphatase to dephosphorylate eIF-2alpha to enable continued protein synthesis despite the presence of activated PKR. (scienceopen.com)
The proposed mechanism for maintenance of protein synthesis in the face of double-stranded RNA accumulation is different from that described for viruses examined to date. (scienceopen.com)
It is also responsible for coordinating the cell's activities including cell metabolism, cell growth, synthesis of proteins and lipids and generally the cell reproduction by cell division mechanisms. (bungenas.se)

The six steps of the viral life cycle are indicated in colored boxes with numbers. (wjgnet.com)

The positive-sense genomic ssRNA is translated into a processed ORF1 polyprotein to yield the mature non-structural proteins involved in RNA transcription. (expasy.org)
At later times postinfection, the completely processed nsPs function in the transcription of viral G RNA and subgenomic (SG) RNA (12, 13). (ebat2018.org)

studies revealed that active translation occurs within VF and that ribosomal subunits and proteins required for translation initiation elongation termination and recycling localize to the factory. (biongenex.com)
This study evaluated the minimum requirements for the formation of phi6-specific vesicles and the possibility to localize P9-tagged heterologous proteins into such structures in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
Superresolution structured illumination microscopy revealed finer details of rhTRIM5α cytoplasmic bodies and the polyubiquitin conjugates that localize to these structures. (northwestern.edu)
Finally, linkage-specific polyubiquitin antibodies revealed that K48-linked ubiquitin chains localize to rhTRIM5α cytoplasmic bodies, implicating these structures in proteasomal degradation. (northwestern.edu)

Protein complexes of the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) family mediate changes in the higher-order chromatin structure by forming inter- or intra-chromatin fiber connections at distinct regions. (onnlab.org)
Members of the IL-10 family cytokines have structural similarities and signal through heterodimeric receptor complexes with common subunits. (rndsystems.com)

The virion RNA is infectious and serves as both the genome and viral messenger RNA. (expasy.org)
Viral movement protein P3N-PIPO probably mediates virion cell-to-cell transfer. (expasy.org)
For example, the 3a protein was shown to induce apoptosis whereas the 9b and 9c proteins were suggested to be involved in membrane interactions during virion assembly and host-virus interactions, respectively. (biorxiv.org)

At secondary structure level, a significant difference in the transmembrane segment 3 helix1 was noticed which is critically involve in viral assembly on the other hand the protease domain was fully conserved. (ijbbb.org)
574Structural Proteins: Translation, Processing, and Assembly. (vdocuments.net)

To understand the structural underpinning for this trafficking, we investigated nuclear egress of progeny herpesvirus capsids where capsid envelopment is mediated by two viral proteins, forming the nuclear egress complex (NEC). (princeton.edu)
EBNA3C is an EBV-encoded nuclear protein, essential for proliferation of EBV infected B-lymphocytes. (scienceopen.com)
When both proteins are overexpressed, Gadd34 can interact with EBNA3C in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. (scienceopen.com)
JEV nterferes with the IFN signaling pathway by inhibiting nuclear translocation of STAT2 which is mediated by NS5 protein. (ommegaonline.org)

This study proposes a novel mechanism by which PRRSV utilizes host proteins to regulate innate immunity. (usda.gov)
In innate immune system, N protein inhibits IFN-β production and RNAi pathway for virus survival. (ijbs.com)

Results indicate a highly ordered, hydrophobic, and thermally stable protein that contains at least one transmembrane region. (biorxiv.org)
This protein consists of a cytoplasmic domain, transmembrane region, stalk region and globular head [ 8 ] and is responsible for binding to sialic acid-containing cell surface receptors and possesses neuraminidase (NA) activity to prevent viral self-aggregation. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, we herein established a SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein-mediated cell-cell fusion assay and found that SARS-CoV-2 showed a superior plasma membrane fusion capacity compared to that of SARS-CoV. (nature.com)
The findings suggest the spike protein turns into a locked state to stabilize the spike protein during virus egress. (news-medical.net)
A new study by researchers at Mahidol University in Bangkok, Thailand, reports a COVID-19 vaccine candidate called HexaPro in producing neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in an animal model. (news-medical.net)

MetT-PCP carried out deISGylation of the ISG15-conjugated cellular proteins, suggesting a possible role in combating cellular antiviral pathways. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Modulates viral translation initiation by interacting with viral IRES and 40S ribosomal subunit (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD34 targets protein phosphatase 1 alpha to the endoplasmic reticulum and promotes dephosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2. (scienceopen.com)

The cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) from the family Reoviridae belongs to a subgroup of "turreted" reoviruses, in which the mRNA capping activity occurs in a pentameric turret. (rcsb.org)
This structural organization reveals how the channels guide nascent mRNA sequentially to guanylyltransferase, 7-N-methyltransferase, and 2'-O-methyltransferase in the turret, undergoing the highly coordinated mRNA capping activity. (rcsb.org)
The full-length mRNA is used for expression of Gag and Gag-Pro-Pol proteins. (peerj.com)

Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which mediate cellular endocytosis of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
Viruses require the host translational apparatus to synthesize viral proteins. (biongenex.com)
Additionally, the host serine protease TMPRSS2 is important for priming of the S protein for receptor interactions and entry [ 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
Many host proteins can also function as cofactors for viral entry, such as heparin sulfate proteoglycans, C-type lectins, neuropilin-1 and furin [ 10 - 13 ]. (ijbs.com)
Persistence of JEV in the infected target cells by accumulation of autophagosome is the novel mechanism to escape host immune anti-viral response. (ommegaonline.org)

MTTP which is involved in the VLDL pathway also plays important roles in viral particle maturation and secretion. (wjgnet.com)

Besides the function in viral life cycle, N protein can bind GSDMD to antagonize pyroptosis but promotes cell death via the Smad3-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest mechanism. (ijbs.com)

The possibility to locate heterologous proteins into the P9-lipid vesicles facilitates the production of vesicular structures with novel properties. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytoplasmic bodies containing rhTRIM5α have been implicated in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, but the specific roles these structures play remain uncharacterized. (northwestern.edu)
9 Although there exists sequences homologous to the ORF10 protein in other closely related bat and pangolin CoVs, there are no experimentally derived crystallographic structures for the ORF10 protein. (biorxiv.org)

HSC70 is part of the viral particle and may play a role in viral entry. (wjgnet.com)
Participates in the viral particle production as a result of its interaction with the non-structural protein 5A (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)

The viral RNA is translated to produce a polyprotein which is processed by viral proteases into the RdRp protein and structural proteins. (expasy.org)

Enrichment of nsp1alpha-induced cytoplasmic TRAIP in turn leads to excessive K48 ubiquitination and degradation of serine/threonine-protein kinase (TBK1), thereby antagonizing TBK1-IRF3-IFN signaling. (usda.gov)
Here, we examine the ubiquitination status of cytoplasmic body proteins. (northwestern.edu)

Isolated vesicles contained predominantly P9-GFP, suggesting selective incorporation of P9-tagged fusion proteins into the vesicles. (biomedcentral.com)
HSV has at least 11 glycoproteins that are used for various functions, including (a) virus attachment proteins (gB, gC, gD, and gH), (b) fusion proteins (gB), (c) structural proteins, (d) immune escape proteins (gE, and gI), and (e) other fractions. (doctor-dr.com)

P3N-PIPO is expressed by a polymerase slippage mechanism from the P3 ORF and probably acts as a movement protein . (expasy.org)
Protein crowding induces membrane curvatures through an entropic mechanism. (portlandpress.com)
Structural organization of VCP and mechanism of substrate unfolding. (portlandpress.com)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF1 protein (pORF1) contains methyltransferase (MetT), papain-like cysteine protease (PCP), RNA helicase (Hel) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Additionally, the direct binding of the core protein towards the cytoplasmic domains with the CD95 and kinase inhibitor Fingolimod TNF receptors has become reported to induce a pro apoptotic effect by altering mitochondrial function. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
Differences in mechanical and fatigue properties of diaphragm motor units are the result of expression of different contractile proteins and mitochondrial volume densities in corresponding muscle fiber types. (mayo.edu)

Furthermore, by fitting the deduced amino acid sequence of the protein VP5 to 120 large protrusion proteins on the CPV capsid shell, we confirmed that this protrusion protein is encoded by CPV RNA segment 7. (rcsb.org)
Homologous sequence comparison and structural modeling indicate CroV MCP should have a trimeric double-jelly-roll structure as seen in PBCV-1, another giant NCLDV. (utep.edu)
LXGG sequence is recognized by viral and cellular deubiquitinating enzymes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Experimental data obtained from peptides and by sequence evaluation and modeling suggest the fact that structural and physicochemical properties from the gp41-CT are amazingly highly conserved regardless of the series variants. (biosemiotics2013.org)
HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) is a functional region of viral RNA lying immediately downstream to the junction of gp120 and gp41 in the env coding sequence. (irsicaixa.es)
The full-length viral genome sequence was similar to those derived from the Hong-Kong Hotel M isolate. (cdc.gov)

To some degree, all of these accessory proteins have been structurally and/or functionally characterized. (biorxiv.org)

Interestingly, a CVB epitope homologous to an epitope of the β-cell protein Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD), a major autoantigen of T1D, was identified and recognized by the same CD8+ T cells, demonstrating cross-reactivity. (institutcochin.fr)

These cytokines primarily have anti-viral, anti-proliferative, and immunoregulatory effects. (rndsystems.com)

The A56 protein is capable of binding two viral proteins, a serine protease inhibitor (K2) and the vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), and anchoring them to the surface of infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)

When oxygen is plentiful, HIF-1 is ubiquitinated and targeted for degradation by the von Hippel Lindau protein (VHL-1), which inactivates HIF-1. (uw.edu)
The AAA-ATPase (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) valosin-containing protein (VCP), is essential for many cellular pathways including but not limited to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), DNA damage responses, and cell cycle regulation. (portlandpress.com)
VCP primarily identifies ubiquitylated proteins in these pathways and mediates their unfolding and degradation by the 26S proteasome. (portlandpress.com)
VCP interacts with adaptor proteins to identify ubiquitylated substrates for degradation by the proteasome. (portlandpress.com)

Chemical shift changes upon the addition of single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs) identified a group of residues that form a positively charged patch on the protein surface as the binding site responsible for the previously reported affinity for nucleic acids. (pdfroom.com)

The structural and useful characterization from the HIV and SIV gp41-CTs provides received much less attention and even you'll find so many contradictory outcomes. (biosemiotics2013.org)

We identified 78 amino acid sequences from self proteins presented in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients, some of which were well-known autoantigens such as vimentin and ATP synthase. (jci.org)
Retroviruses have been shown to efficiently delete sequences between repeats as a consequence of the template switching ability of the viral reverse transcriptase. (peerj.com)
The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic, structural and functional variation in the RRE primary sequences selected in vivo by Enfuvirtide pressure. (irsicaixa.es)

The structural data also demonstrated that FHL1-HVD interaction is mostly determined by the LIM1 domain of FHL1. (ebat2018.org)
Now, using NMR-based structural and biological approaches, we have characterized the binding site of the cellular FHL1 protein in CHIKV HVD and defined the CHK1-IN-2 biological significance of this interaction. (ebat2018.org)
Using EBNA3C amino acids 365-545 in a yeast two hybrid screen, we found an interaction with the Growth Arrest and DNA-damage protein, Gadd34. (scienceopen.com)

Alters lipid metabolism by interacting with hepatocellular proteins involved in lipid accumulation and storage (PubMed:14602201). (proteopedia.org)

Using antibodies specific for different forms of ubiquitin, we show that ubiquitinated proteins are present in cytoplasmic bodies, and that this localization is altered after proteasome inhibition. (northwestern.edu)
A decrease in polyubiquitinated proteins localizing to cytoplasmic bodies was apparent after 1 h of proteasome inhibition, and greater differences were seen after extended proteasome inhibition. (northwestern.edu)
The decrease in polyubiquitin conjugates within cytoplasmic bodies was also observed when deubiquitinating enzymes were inhibited, suggesting that the removal of ubiquitin moieties from polyubiquitinated cytoplasmic body proteins after extended proteasome inhibition is not responsible for this phenomenon. (northwestern.edu)
Differential staining of cytoplasmic bodies seen with different polyubiquitin antibodies suggests that structural changes occur during proteasome inhibition that alter epitope availability. (northwestern.edu)
The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)

The NAMPT protein manifestation in siRNA-treated cells was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

We solved the X-ray crystal structure of six-helical bundle (6-HB) core of the HR1 and HR2 domains in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein S2 subunit, revealing that several mutated amino acid residues in the HR1 domain may be associated with enhanced interactions with the HR2 domain. (nature.com)

Chikungunya fever, a re-emerging viral disease affecting both old and new world countries is caused by Chikungunya virus, an RNA virus belonging to Alphaviridae. (actascientific.com)
This alteration is to the advantage of the virus and works by nsp1alpha interacting with specific proteins in the pig that normally upregulate the pig's immune response. (usda.gov)
In addition, CroV is a member of the nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV) clade. (utep.edu)
The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a major antigen that can induce protective antibodies in poultry. (biomedcentral.com)
SARS-CoV-2 with ~30kb viral genome RNA is an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus which belongs to the β-coronaviruses. (ijbs.com)
The vaccinia virus A56 protein was one of the earliest-described poxvirus proteins with an identifiable activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A protein [virus protein, genome-linked by a capsid architecture with 32 distinct cup-shaped depressions. (cdc.gov)
Abbreviations: VPg, virus protein, genome-linked. (cdc.gov)

Functionally, the ORF10 protein could be a membrane protein. (biorxiv.org)

Initial trials in the expression vector without protein chaperone failed to obtain soluble MCP. (utep.edu)
After large-scale expression in bacteria, ultra-high purity TF-MCP fusion protein was obtained by affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. (utep.edu)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)

Dr. Sieck's lab is also exploring structural and functional changes in phrenic motor neurons associated with embryonic and early postnatal development as well as with old age. (mayo.edu)

Anatomy14

Organisms81

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs47

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes29

Information Science4

Replication21

Nonstructural7

MRNAs5

Infection17

Cytoplasm6

Encodes5

Gene14

Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport1

Factories5

Nucleocapsid4

Capsid protein1

Genes4

Virions4

Genomes2

Binds2

Envelope7

Infectivity6

Synthesis12

Steps of the viral life1

Transcription2

Localize4

Complexes2

Virion3

Assembly2

Nuclear4

Innate2

Transmembrane region2

Spike3

Cellular proteins1

Translation initiation2

MRNA3

Host5

Roles in viral1

Function in viral1

Structures3

Particle2

Proteases1

Ubiquitination2

Fusion proteins2

Mechanism3

Polymerase1

Mitochondrial2

Sequence6

Accessory proteins1

Homologous1

Anti-viral1

Serine1

Degradation4

Single-stranded1

Characterization1

Sequences3

Interaction3

Hepatocellular1

Inhibition5

Assay1

Amino acid1

Virus8

Membrane protein1

Expression3

Functional1