Cytoplasm protein transport. Medical search. Frequent questions

The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein production, processing, and transport. (medlineplus.gov)
The nucleus stores chromatin (DNA plus proteins) in a gel-like substance called the nucleoplasm.The nucleolus is a condensed region of chromatin where ribosome synthesis occurs.The boundary of the nucleus is called the nuclear envelope.It consists of two phospholipid bilayers: an outer membrane and an inner membrane.The nuclear membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.Nuclear pores allow substances to enter and exit the nucleus. (coursehero.com)
The endoplasmic reticulum modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids, while the golgi apparatus is where the sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins takes place. (coursehero.com)
The Golgi Apparatus sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. (protopage.com)
The endoplasmic reticulum translates proteins and transports items throughout the cell. (protopage.com)
Both, NRF1 and NRF2 reside outside of the nucleus under unstressed conditions: NRF1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and NRF2 in the cytoplasm [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
The AAA-ATPase (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) valosin-containing protein (VCP), is essential for many cellular pathways including but not limited to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), DNA damage responses, and cell cycle regulation. (portlandpress.com)
The contribution of PTEN overexpression was assessed in relation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolding protein response (UPR). (bham.ac.uk)
The secretory pathway translocates unfolded proteins from the reducing cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen in yeast or into the periplasm in bacteria. (jove.com)

Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
Predicted to be involved in protein targeting to membrane. (jax.org)
Like a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. (coursehero.com)
Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport. (coursehero.com)
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery catalyzes many divergent membrane-remodeling processes such as membrane repair, enveloped virus budding and cytokinesis, among others. (cea.fr)
ESCRT = Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport is a highly conserved cellular membrane remodeling machinery, consisting of five cytosolic protein complexes, including ESCRT-III and VPS4. (cea.fr)
Although primary and secondary active transport both rely on cell membrane proteins, the latter utilizes energy stored in ions' electrochemical gradients, not ATP, to power these proteins and shift molecules, like glucose, into cells, against gradients. (jove.com)
The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer that contains a wide variety of molecules mostly proteins and lipids. (protopage.com)
Osmotic balance is maintained between the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm by movement of water through the plasma membrane when the total concentration of particles on one side is not equal to that on the other. (britannica.com)
Permeation actually occurs through protein structures embedded in the lipid bilayer and spanning the membrane from cytoplasm to extracellular fluid. (britannica.com)
Their findings suggest that Myo1c uses the actin cytoskeleton as a 'track' for Neph1 transport -- a finding with translational relevance for glomerular diseases such as diabetic nephropathy, as movement of Neph1 to and from the surface membrane triggers the injury/recovery response. (sciencedaily.com)
When injury occurs, Neph1 and other surface proteins are dislodged into the cytoplasm and must find their way back to the surface of the cell membrane to trigger the events needed for recovery. (sciencedaily.com)
In that case, Myo1c could be an attractive therapeutic target, as inhibiting it would prevent these proteins from leaving the cell membrane, an event that triggers the injury response. (sciencedaily.com)
A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)
The molecular mechanisms of other cellular processes like protein sorting and distribution, membrane transport, cytoskelet function and basic processes of cell signalling are also emphasised. (cuni.cz)
cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. (enchantedlearning.com)
The golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
A vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). (enchantedlearning.com)
Rough ER transport materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane). (enchantedlearning.com)
The tubules are all made of the same water-repellant fatty membrane that surrounds the cell, separating their interior from the watery cytoplasm. (alzforum.org)
There is also traffic in the opposite direction: molecules are transported into the cell from outside, including worn-out or excess receptor and channel proteins from the outside of the cell membrane. (alzforum.org)
Protein crowding induces membrane curvatures through an entropic mechanism. (portlandpress.com)
Crowding of asymmetric proteins results in an asymmetric lateral pressure across the membrane which can be used by cells in a number of biological processes involving membrane remodeling. (portlandpress.com)
The researchers successfully differentiated the functional roles of two types of hydrogenases - one bound to the cell's membrane, and a soluble one in the cytoplasm - that help metabolize hydrogen and drive carbon dioxide fixation. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers also discovered that membrane-bound and soluble hydrogenases play an important role in mediating the electron transport from the semiconductor into the cell. (eurekalert.org)
We provide a method to simultaneously screen a library of antibody fragments for binding affinity and cytoplasmic solubility by using the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation pathway, which has an inherent quality control mechanism for intracellular protein folding, to display the antibody fragments on the inner membrane. (jove.com)
The Tat pathway ensures that only soluble, well-folded proteins are transported out of the cytoplasm and displayed on the inner membrane, thereby eliminating poorly folded scFvs prior to interrogation for antigen-binding. (jove.com)

Through this interaction, mRNAs and their associative proteins form messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) that are actively transported along the cytoskeleton to intracellular destinations. (frontiersin.org)
These findings suggest that Myo1c uses the actin cytoskeleton as a "track" for cellular transport of its Neph1 cargo (bound to its C tail). (sciencedaily.com)

Here we report a class of mRNA granules in human neuronal processes that are enriched in the nuclear cap-binding protein complex (CBC) and exon junction complex (EJC) core components, Y14 and eIF4AIII. (frontiersin.org)
Each time an amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide during protein synthesis, a tRNA anticodon pairs with its complementary codon on the mRNA molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into the polypeptide. (genome.gov)
In a cell, antisense DNA serves as the template for producing messenger RNA (mRNA), which directs the synthesis of a protein. (genome.gov)
Small RNAs are exported using Ran-GTP for directionality by karyopherin transport receptors, but mRNA is exported using a different mechanism that involves various quality controls. (prospecbio.com)
Regulace úprav mRNA (alternativní sestrih, stabilita, editing, transport z jádra do cytoplasmy a další). (cuni.cz)
These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. (origene.com)
In the archetypal prokaryote, translation and transcription are closely coupled in that the ribosomes and the rest of the protein synthesizing machinery associate with the nascent mRNA. (asmblog.org)
In the typical eukaryote, transcription is nuclear and the mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm where translation takes place. (asmblog.org)
It may be involved in chromosome partitioning at mitosis, facilitating translation and tRNA transport, and control of mRNA metabolism, including estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA. (nih.gov)

and the golgi apparatus is where the sorting of lipids and proteins takes place. (coursehero.com)
Glucose is a direct energy source, and galactose may be used as a component of complex proteins or lipids (glycoproteins and glycolipids). (researchgate.net)
Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) provides unique insight into biomacromolecular complexes by combining solvent contrast variation (H2O:D2O exchange) with either natural contrast between different classes of biomolecules (proteins, RNA/DNA, lipids/detergents) and/or by applying artificial contrast, i.e. deuteration of specific biomolecules. (lu.se)

The genetic material is freely found in the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
The protein is typically found in the cytoplasm until it binds a ligand, which induces transport into the nucleus. (thermofisher.com)

Typically it shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm to perform its functions, while abnormal cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). (nature.com)
Several karyopherins are sequestered in stress granules, cytoplasmic aggregates of ribonucleoprotein complexes, as they avoid shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (prospecbio.com)
While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (origene.com)
A heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoprotein found in the CELL NUCLEUS and the CYTOPLASM. (bvsalud.org)

The nucleus houses the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes. (coursehero.com)
Therefore, the nucleus houses the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes, the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. (coursehero.com)
The ribosomes exist on the Rough ER and are also scattered througout the cytoplasm. (protopage.com)
Ribosomes assemble proteins and polypeptides for cell division. (protopage.com)
Ribosomes are the cell's protein factories. (uni-muenchen.de)
In order to carry out this vital task, the cell must ensure that it has enough of the complexes required for the synthesis of proteins - the ribosomes. (uni-muenchen.de)
Eukaryotic (i.e. nucleated) cells can produce ribosomes in enormous numbers, although each consists of about 80 proteins and 4 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). (uni-muenchen.de)

The nuclear envelope is punctuated with pores that control the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. (coursehero.com)
Karyopherins are proteins that help eukaryotic cells transport molecules between their cytoplasm and nucleus. (prospecbio.com)
Each cell produces thousands of different protein and lipid molecules. (alzforum.org)
The details of how proteins are moved around within a cell are being deciphered with high-powered microscopy combined with sophisticated techniques for labeling individual molecules, including fluorescent or "quantum dot" tags and antibodies tailored to adhere to a protein in a particular state of activation. (alzforum.org)
These painstaking methods are now being applied to investigating how molecules are moved around in neurons and how the proteins that characterize neurodegenerative diseases may disrupt one or more of these mechanisms. (alzforum.org)
This protein also constitutes a monomer of the N-acetylglucosamine-specific receptor which is postulated to trigger selective recycling of immature GlcNAc-bearing thyroglobulin molecules. (origene.com)
Vigilin, also called high density lipoprotein-binding protein, or HDL-binding protein, is a ubiquitous and highly conserved RNA-binding protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm presumably in contact with RNA molecules. (nih.gov)
More recently, the realization that macro- principal experimental challenge is to resolve and quantify molecules occupy 20-30% of the intracellular volume has populations of protein oligomers in dynamic equilibrium. (lu.se)

The nuclear region in the cytoplasm is called the nucleoid. (wikipedia.org)
Fang C, Dean J, Smith JW: A novel variant of ileal bile acid binding protein is up-regulated through nuclear factor-kappaB activation in colorectal adenocarcinoma. (hmdb.ca)
The existence of mRNAs retaining both nuclear cap binding protein and EJC in the distal sites of neuronal processes suggests that some localized mRNAs have not yet undergone the "very first translation," which contribute to the spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
Protein transport between the nuclear and the cytoplasmic compartment is a key factor for cell viability and proliferation. (massgeneral.org)
The nucleus: chromosomal DNA and its organization, the Nuclear Pore Complex and nucleus-cytoplasmic transport. (sns.it)
Furthermore, cytoplasmic levels of predominantly nuclear protein ALYREF increased. (nature.com)
In most cases, karyopherin-mediated transport occurs through nuclear pores, which serve as a portal into and out of the nucleus. (prospecbio.com)
To pass through the nuclear pore, most proteins need karyopherins. (prospecbio.com)
First, it binds importin alpha, a form of karyopherin that binds the cargo protein in the cytoplasm, before the cargo protein is imported into the nucleus through the nuclear pore driven by energy from the Ran gradient. (prospecbio.com)
The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). (origene.com)
RANK binds to transmembrane protein nuclear factor-κB receptor activating factor ligand (RANKL) to activate RANK/RANKL, TRAF6/RANKL/MAPKs, TRAF6/ RANKL/NF-κB, Wnt/RANKL/RANKL, and JAK2/STAT3/RANKL. (frontiersin.org)
Pax7 was shown to possess a nuclear location signal and KPNA2 was suggested as escort protein for Pax7 translocation into the nucleus. (bham.ac.uk)
Ribonucleoproteína nuclear heterogénea que se encuentra en el NÚCLEO CELULAR y en el CITOPLASMA. (bvsalud.org)
Se ha implicado a la ribonucleoproteína nuclear heterogénea K en la regulación de la expresión genética en casi todos los niveles: TRANSCRIPCIÓN GENÉTICA, procesamiento del ARNm (PROCESAMIENTO DEL ARN POSTRANSCRIPCIONAL), transporte del ARNm, estabilidad del ARNm y traducción (TRADUCCIÓN GENÉTICA). (bvsalud.org)

One of the proteins encoded by HIV's RNA genome is Rev. After Rev proteins are built in the human host cell's cytoplasm, they move back into the nucleus, where they assemble at a particular point on HIV RNA called the Rev responsive element (RRE). (infectioncontroltoday.com)

Microtubules serve as structural components within cells and are involved in many cellular processes including mitosis, cytokinesis, and vescular transport. (protopage.com)
It surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, and physically separates the inner cellular components from the outter cellular enviroment. (protopage.com)
The motor protein Myo1c binds to Neph1, a protein crucial for ensuring effective filtration by the kidney, and serves as one mode of its cellular transport, according to findings by investigators at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and their collaborators reported in the May 16, 2016 issue of Molecular and Cellular Biology . (sciencedaily.com)
The virus hijacks its host's cellular machinery to translate its RNA to proteins. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
This allowed the researchers to correlate the properties of the cellular proteins and to show that light-generated electrons can directly move to bacteria with surprising efficiency. (eurekalert.org)

The newly developed oocyte shuttle protein contains a streptavidin moiety that tightly binds biotinylated DNA. (biologists.com)
Injected intravenously into adult Xenopus females, the protein-DNA complex is rapidly transported through the bloodstream and, within the ovary, the vitellogenin ligand present in the protein binds to the receptors at the surface of the oocytes. (biologists.com)
Another serious human pathogen, Bacillus anthracis, causative of anthrax , has well-developed virulence mechanisms involving the secretion of three proteins, one of which, protective antigen (PA), binds host cell receptors to effect entry of either lethal factor (LF) or edema factor (EF). (immunology.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is located in the nucleoplasm and has three repeats of KH domains that binds to RNAs. (thermofisher.com)
it binds tenaciously to poly(C). This protein is also thought to have a role during cell cycle progression. (thermofisher.com)

The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. (origene.com)

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder characterized by abnormal intracellular protein transport. (medscape.com)

Human recombinant protein fragment corresponding to amino acids 1-261 of human HNRNPM (NP_112480) produced in E.coli. (origene.com)
Full length human recombinant protein of human VIM (NP_003371) produced in E.coli. (origene.com)
Human recombinant protein fragment corresponding to amino acids 1-265 of human NR3C1 produced in E.coli. (thermofisher.com)
Commonly used methods for the display and screening of recombinant antibody libraries do not incorporate intracellular protein folding quality control, and, thus, the antigen-binding capability and cytoplasmic folding and solubility of antibodies engineered using these methods often must be engineered separately. (jove.com)

Gap junctions allow the transport of ions and metabolites between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. (nih.gov)
Since more sodium ions populate the extracellular space than the cytoplasm, and the cell's interior is more negative, compared to its environment, the transporter-bound sodium ions are moving down their electrochemical gradient. (jove.com)
The sodium ions then detach and enter the cytoplasm. (jove.com)

Each connexin protein has four transmembrane segments, two extracellular loops, a cytoplasmic loop formed between the two inner transmembrane segments, and the N- and C-terminus both being in the cytoplasm. (nih.gov)
Initially, this transporter is positioned so that the cytoplasm facing side is closed, but the extracellular end is open. (jove.com)
A glucose molecule then attaches to the transporter and this simultaneous binding of sodium and sugar causes the protein to close its extracellular region and open the cytoplasm facing side. (jove.com)

Within the protein family, ESCRT-III members are present in evolution from prokaryotes to metazoans. (cea.fr)

Their data reveals in detail how the ribosomal RNAs are progressively folded to provide the necessary binding sites for the cognate ribosomal proteins. (uni-muenchen.de)
The protein encoded by this gene has three repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. (origene.com)

1-3 While the pathogenesis of ALS is not completely understood, it is thought to involve neuronal damage triggered by protein misfolding, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, RNA-processing impairment, neurofilament aggregation, loss of axonal transport, disruption of the neuromuscular junction, and axon demyelination. (uspharmacist.com)
Protein aggregates of TDP43 have been found in the neuronal cytoplasm of 97% of ALS patients. (uspharmacist.com)

The specificity of the gap junction is determined by which connexin proteins comprise the hemichannel. (nih.gov)
The yeast proteins appear to exhibit broad specificity transporting a wide range of di- and trivalent metal cations. (tcdb.org)

Cells can acquire specified function and carry out various tasks within the cell such as replication, DNA repair, protein synthesis, and motility. (wikipedia.org)
The abnormal protein apparently leads to cell death, as people with SCA2 show loss of brain cells in different parts of the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Citokinesis = division of the cytoplasm in the phases of meiosis and mitosis, to separate daughter cells. (cea.fr)
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. (jove.com)
Cytoplasm is a semi-transparent fluid that fills most cells. (protopage.com)
The course is focused on principles and mechanisms of gene expression regulation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including regulation of transcription, translation and protein stability. (cuni.cz)
In human cells, RNA is the genetic material that carries instructions from the DNA in a cell's nucleus out to the cytoplasm, where molecular machinery uses those instructions to build proteins. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Proteins provide the crucial structural elements of all cells and mediate the executive functions required for cell survival. (uni-muenchen.de)
muscle - body tissue made of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion myofibril - contra-ctile unit composed of myosin and actin myosin - fibrous protein that forms (together with actin) the contra-ctile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cells. (cheatography.com)
They have the ability to modulate protein activity by binding to a target protein inside cells to prevent protein-protein interactions, disrupt protein-nucleic acid interactions, or prevent substrate access to enzymes 1-5 . (jove.com)
The CHS protein is expressed in the cytoplasm of cells of a variety of tissues and may represent an abnormality of organellar protein trafficking. (medscape.com)

The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). (enchantedlearning.com)

In this respect, and also with respect to topology, MIT family members resemble channel proteins. (tcdb.org)

They also hope to study whether Myo1c forms complexes with other proteins key for the maintenance of healthy renal function. (sciencedaily.com)
In a first couple of examples, I will show how distance and shape restraints from SANS have helped to improve the uniqueness of structural models for two multi-protein-RNA complexes, in combination with NMR restraints and building blocks from crystallography [1, 2]. (lu.se)

Ileal protein which stimulates gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion. (hmdb.ca)

The yeast metal resistance proteins, which are 850-900 amino acyl residues in length, also exhibit two or three putative TMSs. (tcdb.org)
Overexpression of the yeast proteins, Al R 1p and Mn R 2p, overcomes toxicity to aluminum and manganese, respectively. (tcdb.org)
No yeast two-hybrid interactions found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)
Valosin-containing protein (VCP, also p97, or Cdc48p in yeast) is an evolutionarily conserved, homo-hexameric, ubiquitin-selective, AAA-ATPase that functions in numerous ubiquitin-dependent protein quality control pathways. (portlandpress.com)

In eukaryotes, the mature small subunit contains one rRNA and about 30 proteins, while the large subunit is made up of three rRNAs and approximately 50 proteins. (uni-muenchen.de)

Antibodies engineered for intracellular function must not only have affinity for their target antigen, but must also be soluble and correctly folded in the cytoplasm. (jove.com)

[22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)

The DNA of a prokaryotic cell consists of a single circular chromosome that is in direct contact with the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)

Its major distinguishing features are the ability to bind RNA in a very specific manner through two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) and the C-terminal portion of the protein, which includes a glycine-rich domain that is involved in most of the protein interactions described 3 . (nature.com)
This region contains a glutamine/asparagine (Q/N) prion-like domain that participates in protein-protein interactions and in the TDP-43 aggregation process 4 , 5 . (nature.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is responsible for maintaining cell shape, integrity of the cytoplasm, and stabilizing cytoskeletal interactions. (origene.com)
STRING is a database of known and predicted protein interactions.The interactions include direct (physical) and indirect (functional) associations. (systemsbiology.net)
The analysis of these results, in terms of a statistical-mechanical model that incorporates polymer flexibility as well as the excluded volume of the protein, shows that the dramatic enhancement of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor self-association can be quantitatively rationalized in terms of hard repulsive interactions. (lu.se)

This multi-modal imaging approach provides quantitative assessments of protein behaviors and also a mechanistic understanding of how the electron transport occurs from the semiconductor to the bacteria cell. (eurekalert.org)

In the past, connexin protein names were based on their molecular weight, however the new nomenclature uses sequential numbers based on which form (alpha or beta) of the gap junction is present. (nih.gov)
The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)

The canonical TGFβ signalling pathway involves ligand-dependent assembly of a heteromeric receptor complex, receptor-kinase activation and subsequent phosphorylation and activation of SMAD proteins, which are transcriptional regulators that consequently accumulate in the nucleus. (nature.com)
Studies have shown that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) must be associated with a complex of chaperone proteins for ligand activation. (thermofisher.com)

A protein consists of one or more chains of amino acids (called polypeptides) whose sequence is encoded in a gene. (genome.gov)

Highly conserved acidic residues found in the short periplasmic loop are not essential for CorA function or Mg 2+ selectivity but may be required for proper protein folding and stability. (tcdb.org)

Alternate splicing, the use of at least three different promoters, and alternate translation initiation sites result in several transcript variants encoding the same protein or different isoforms, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. (thermofisher.com)
Multiple hnRNP K protein isoforms exist due to alternative splicing and display different nucleic-acid-binding properties. (bvsalud.org)

In the presence of high concentrations of inert macromolecules, the self-association of proteins is strongly enhanced through an entropic, excluded-volume effect variously called macromolecular crowding or depletion attraction. (lu.se)
provided a biological motivation for studying the effects of This task is further complicated by the background of abun- nominally inert background macromolecules on protein as- dant macromolecular crowding agent. (lu.se)
Addition of inert macromolecules to a protein solution quantitatively the self-association of bovine pancreatic shifts equilibria toward the more compact state because this trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) (Gottschalk et al. (lu.se)

This member is one of the beta subunits, which are auxiliary proteins associating with functional Kv-alpha subunits. (ucsc.edu)
After the initial steps in assembly, the immature subunits are transported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. (uni-muenchen.de)

Hydropathy analysis had predicted two transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs) in the C-terminal regions of these proteins. (tcdb.org)

The ATXN2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called ataxin-2. (medlineplus.gov)
This gene encodes one of the connexin proteins. (nih.gov)
RNA transport and regulated local translation play critically important roles in spatially restricting gene expression in neurons. (frontiersin.org)
CHMP2A = the charged multivesicular body protein 2a is encoded by the gene CHMP2A . (cea.fr)
CHMP3 = the charged multivesicular body protein 3 is encoded by the gene VPS24 . (cea.fr)
Summary Panel shows basic genome annotation information for the gene such as Locus tag, symbol, Protein product description and genomic coordinates etc. (systemsbiology.net)
Synonym names for the gene and its protein produs are listed. (systemsbiology.net)

Galactose is a monosaccharide consisting of 6 carbon atoms and it is an epimer of glucose, thus its transporter proteins are also SGLT1 and GLUT 2 (10, 12). (researchgate.net)

This releases energy, enabling the protein to change confirmation and increase its affinity for glucose, present at a low level outside but a high concentration inside the cell. (jove.com)
There is only 1 in each cell and it transports protein around. (protopage.com)
Cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of the cell. (protopage.com)
Researchers have begun to home in on these proteins, looking for drugs that inhibit their actions in the cell. (genengnews.com)
For the purpose of this study we selected a set of proteins that were misregulated following silencing of TDP-43 and analysed their expression in a TDP-43-aggregation model cell line HEK293 Flp-in Flag-TDP-43-12x-Q/N F4L. (nature.com)
Smooth ER transport materials through the cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
In most cell types, specific sets of proteins must be produced constantly and in widely different amounts. (uni-muenchen.de)
At the Ipsen Foundation's 23rd Colloquium on Alzheimer's Disease, held 28 April 2008 in Paris, the focus shifted from the rogue proteins that characterize these diseases to the regulation of their movements around the cell. (alzforum.org)
It functions as an organizer of a number of critical proteins involved in attachment, migration, and cell signaling. (origene.com)
It simultaneously imaged, tracked, and quantified the multiple proteins in the cell while also measuring the flow of electrons. (eurekalert.org)
The proteins then fold under oxidizing conditions and are displayed on the cell surface or packaged into phage particles to screen for binding affinity 17,18 . (jove.com)

The crystal structure of the CorA homologue from Thermotoga maritima has been solved at 3.9 Å resolution for the full-length protein and at 1.85 Å resolution for the cytoplasmic domain ( Lunin et al . (tcdb.org)
Small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis. (enchantedlearning.com)

We did a solution-based structure where we could actually get the structure of the entire protein and study that structure in complex with a cargo protein (Neph1). (sciencedaily.com)

It is a main inductor of genes of antioxidant proteins and phase II detoxifying enzymes [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
As a consequence, both factors are transported to the nucleus to induce the expression of their target genes. (hindawi.com)

Here, we introduce a powerful new technique, fast field-cycling magnetic relaxation dispersion, for investigating crowding effects on protein self-association equilibria. (lu.se)
Whereas theoretical predictions of macromolec- use of nonadsorbing polymers, like polyethylene glycol, for ular crowding effects abound, there are remarkably few protein separation (Albertsson, 1986) and crystallization experimental studies of this universal phenomenon. (lu.se)

Moreover, some 200 other proteins known as biogenesis factors are necessary to ensure that the assembly process takes place without a hitch, and that all components of the functional ribosome find their proper places in its complex architecture. (uni-muenchen.de)

Oelkers P, Dawson PA: Cloning and chromosomal localization of the human ileal lipid-binding protein. (hmdb.ca)
Kurz M, Brachvogel V, Matter H, Stengelin S, Thuring H, Kramer W: Insights into the bile acid transportation system: the human ileal lipid-binding protein-cholyltaurine complex and its comparison with homologous structures. (hmdb.ca)

TDP-43 protein plays an important role in regulating transcriptional repression, RNA metabolism and splicing. (nature.com)

Constam, D. B. & Robertson, E. J. Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein activity by pro domains and proprotein convertases. (nature.com)
Further, there are signaling pathways that participate in regulation, such as Wnt channel, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) channel, bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) channel, peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors (PPARs) channel, and Notch channel. (frontiersin.org)
The PTEN-PI3K/Akt signalling pathway was investigated and protein synthesis regulation and Fox03 was found to be impaired. (bham.ac.uk)

This protein forms part of the Class C vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) complex. (embl.de)
No complex found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)
Researchers used small-angle X-ray scattering to determine the full structure of the motor protein Myo1c and its complex with Neph1, a protein crucial for kidney filtration. (sciencedaily.com)
The crystallographic structure of two of Myo1c's three segments had previously been determined but never that of the entire protein or the complex it forms with another protein. (sciencedaily.com)

Anatomy40

Organisms19

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Health Care1

Endoplasmic reticulum9

Membrane27

Cytoskeleton2

MRNA9

Lipids3

Found in the cytoplasm2

Nucleus and the cytoplasm4

Ribosomes7

Molecules8

Nuclear14

Cell's cytoplasm1

Cellular5

Binds5

HnRNP proteins1

Intracellular protein transport1

Recombinant4

Ions3

Extracellular3

Prokaryotes1

RNAs2

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Cells11

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Complexes2

Secretion1

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Soluble1

Membranes1

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Interactions5

Occurs1

Molecular2

Ligand2

Amino acids1

Highly conserved1

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Subunits2

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Cell11

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Genes2

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Regulation3

Complex4