• 2023. CD4+ T cell-mediated recognition of a conserved cholesterol-dependent cytolysin epitope generates broad antibacterial immunity . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Bacterial toxins damage the host at the site of bacterial infection or distant from the site. (springer.com)
  • Bacterial toxins can be single proteins or oligomeric protein complexes that are organized with distinct AB structure-function properties. (springer.com)
  • Bacterial toxins also catalyze the non-covalent modification of host protein function or can modify host cell properties through direct protein-protein interactions. (springer.com)
  • Bacterial toxins are often characterized based upon the secretion mechanism that delivers the toxin out of the bacterium, termed types I-VII. (springer.com)
  • This review summarizes the major families of bacterial toxins and also describes the specific structure-function properties of the botulinum neurotoxins. (springer.com)
  • We investigated the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in hospitalized diarrhea patients in Calcutta, India, as well as in healthy domestic cattle and raw beef samples collected from the city's abattoir. (cdc.gov)
  • Bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Vero cell assay were performed to detect and evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the Shiga toxins produced by the strains. (cdc.gov)
  • The first documented U.S. outbreak of diarrhea due to infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) belonging to the serotype O157:H7 occurred in 1982 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Its main pathogenic property is the production of Shiga toxin (Stx), which inhibits the protein synthesis of host cells leading to cell death ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • and the Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin_10 protein Cry35 interacts with the aegerolysin family Cry34 to kill Western Corn Rootworm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cyt2Aa forms filamentous oligomers when exposed to lipid membranes or detergents. (ki.si)
  • Pore-forming proteins (PFTs, also known as pore-forming toxins) are usually produced by bacteria, and include a number of protein exotoxins but may also be produced by other organisms such as apple snails that produce perivitellin-2 or earthworms, who produce lysenin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the head domains of the Toxin_10 proteins show lectin-like features of carbohydrate binding domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The only reported natural targets of Toxin_10 proteins are insects. (wikipedia.org)
  • The intrinsic limitation of P BAD for the gene expression is known to be negated by glucose and afflicted with all-or-nothing induction in host bacteria. (nature.com)
  • The B domain includes two functional domains: a receptor-binding domain, which defines the tropism of a toxin for a cell and a translocation domain that delivers the A domain across a lipid bilayer, either on the plasma membrane or the endosome. (springer.com)
  • Toxin-antitoxin (TA) genes were found in all three species: on the V. diabolicus fitness island, and on the V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus PAIs. (springeropen.com)
  • While all of these toxins feature a head domain and a larger, extended beta-sheet tail domain, in the Toxin_10 family, the head is formed exclusively from the N-terminal region of the primary amino acid sequence whereas regions from throughout the protein sequence contribute to the head domain in Etx/Mtx2 toxins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insecticidal toxins in the Toxin-10 family show an overall similarity to the aerolysin and Etx/Mtx2 toxin structures but differ in two notable features. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ß-PFTs include a number of toxins of commercial interest for the control of pest insects. (wikipedia.org)
  • They have divergent sequences, and are classified by Pfam into a number of families including Leukocidins, Etx-Mtx2, Toxin-10, and aegerolysin. (wikipedia.org)
  • These toxins are potent but also highly specific to a limited range of target insects, making them safe biological control agents. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beta-barrel pore-forming toxins e.g. α-hemolysin (Fig 1), PVL - Panton-Valentine leukocidin, various insecticidal toxins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insecticidal toxins in the Toxin-10 family show an overall similarity to the aerolysin and Etx/Mtx2 toxin structures but differ in two notable features. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most ABC toxins studied to date appear to be insecticidal toxins, although genes predicted to encode for homologous assemblies have also been found in human pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pore-forming proteins (PFTs, also known as pore-forming toxins) are usually produced by bacteria, and include a number of protein exotoxins but may also be produced by other organisms such as apple snails that produce perivitellin-2 or earthworms, who produce lysenin. (wikipedia.org)
  • PFTs can be divided into two categories, depending on the alpha-helical or beta-barrel architecture of their transmembrane channel that can consist either of Alpha-pore-forming toxins e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other categories: Large beta-barrel pore-forming toxins MACPF and Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), gasdermin Binary toxins e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrax toxin, Pleurotolysin Small pore-forming toxins e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABC toxins are pore-forming toxins characterised by the presence of three distinct components assembled into a hetero-oligomeric toxin complex ranging in size from 1.5-2.5â MDa. (bvsalud.org)
  • Louis Pasteur developed three attenuated vaccine- chicken cholera, anthrax and rabies. (microrao.com)
  • The ability of V. cholerae to prevent clearance and establish this prolonged colonization was associated with the accessory toxins hemolysin, the multifunctional autoprocessing RTX toxin, and hemagglutinin/protease and did not require cholera toxin or toxin-coregulated pili. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we discuss and review recent studies that begin to explain how ABC toxins selectively target specific cells, establishing host tropism, and how different cytotoxic effectors trigger cell death. (bvsalud.org)
  • This carriage state was important for the spread of the seventh cholera pandemic as the bacterium was mobilized geographically, allowing the global dispersion of this less virulent strain. (nih.gov)