Cytokine genes factor. Medical search. Frequent questions

In CF disease, a nonregulated inflammatory lung response occurs through exaggerated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines production by airway epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)

We measured changes in Gc messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis and levels of secreted protein resulting from treatment of hepatocytes with cytokines and hormones known to influence synthesis of other proteins of hepatic origin. (nih.gov)
Growth/differentiation factors (GDF-1 to GDF-15) are members of the BMP family of TGF-beta superfamily proteins. (rndsystems.com)
IFIT genes are among the most highly upregulated of these genes, and IFIT proteins target a wide range of viruses ( Diamond and Farzan, 2013 ). (elifesciences.org)
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and modules were constructed to identify hub genes with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and Cytoscape. (researchsquare.com)
EGFR makes a protein known as the epidermal growth factor receptor, which positions the cell membrane to bind to other proteins outside the cell to help it receive signals to trigger cell growth, division, and survival. (darkdaily.com)
Function of RSV has been extensively explored for its powerful antioxidant capacity and specific effects on proteins and/or signaling cascades, such as Sirt1, adenosine monophosphate activated kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and JNK/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- B) in DN both in vivo and in vitro [ 8 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) proteins are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that become activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to cytokine stimulation. (nih.gov)
PIAS1, but not other PIAS proteins, blocked the DNA binding activity of Stat1 and inhibited Stat1-mediated gene activation in response to interferon. (nih.gov)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and dexamethasone were shown to increase Gc mRNA approximately twofold while transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) decreased Gc mRNA in a dose-dependent fashion by up to fivefold. (nih.gov)
Interleukin-25 (IL-25) - also known as interleukin-17E (IL-17E) - is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL25 gene on chromosome 14. (wikipedia.org)
Growing evidence suggests that proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), are induced in the spinal cord under various injury conditions and contribute to pain hypersensitivity. (jneurosci.org)
Here, we show that in primary human femoral head osteoarthritic and normal bovine chondrocytes, TWHF partially or completely inhibited mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-17-inducible MMP-3 and MMP-13. (aspetjournals.org)
To determine whether FP reduces cytokine production in bronchial epithelial cells via NF-κB, the authors investigated the nonstimulated and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated production of NF-κB-dependent interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and RANTES (regulated on activation, T-cell expressed and secreted) along with the activation of NF-κB in non-CF and CF human bronchial gland epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
1 ) report that serum levels and temporal velocities of multiple cytokine and growth factors interleukin IL-6, IL-8, growth regulated oncogene 1 (GRO-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), secreted by tumor and stromal cells and modulated by transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), predict chemoradiation response and survival in patients with advanced-stage oropharyngeal carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)
Because the factors in the coexpression network often participate in similar biological processes, we found that CD4, CD53, EVI2B, PLEK, and SASH3 were most related to positive regulation of cytokine production and interleukin−2 production through functional enrichment. (hindawi.com)
Interleukin 6 (IL6) is a cytokine that is mainly produced at locations of acute and chronic inflammation. (darkdaily.com)
For example, the secreted cytokines of type 1 CD4þ T-helper cells (T H 1 cells) such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, IFN-g, TNF-a and TNF-b are pro-inflammatory and exacerbate atherosclerotic disease, whereas T H 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 are considered to be mainly atheroprotective and can counteract T H 1 cytokine activity/production. (researchgate.net)
Secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1 could induce obesity- and diabetes mellitus (DM)-related inflammation, however its association with SG procedure has not been elucidated well. (researchgate.net)
Kim YD, Cho JS, Kim HS, Song SH: Effect of macrolide on the interleukin-1 β-mediated MUC2/5AC genes expression and mucin secretion in human airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)
nuclear factor kappa (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß). (bvsalud.org)
Interleukin secretion, proteoglycan and procollagen alpha(1)(I) gene expression in Crouzon fibroblasts treated with basic fibroblast growth factor. (medscape.com)
Macrophages are activated by cytokines (eg, IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13) and by various microbial components (eg, lipopolysaccharide). (msdmanuals.com)

One of the major clinical manifestations of CFTR mutations is neutrophil dominated inflammation 2 , 3 , implying that defective CFTR affects the immune function of airway epithelial cells, in particular the production of nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent chemokines. (ersjournals.com)
The effects of corticosteroids are predominantly mediated by the inhibition of NF-κB deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding activity, which controls genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in respiratory epithelial cells 10 - 13 . (ersjournals.com)
Tumor microenvironment possesses complexity because of a mixture of growth-promoting and inhibiting growth factors, nutrients, chemokines, and other noncancer types, which interact with each other and associate with tumor growth, disease progression, drug resistance, and especially, infiltrating T lymphocytes and tumor growth [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Quantitative PCR was used to determine relative cytokine gene expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β1) cytokines. (peerj.com)
A) The balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is crucial for lesion development and imbalance is colloquially referred to exacerbate atherosclerotic disease. (researchgate.net)
2,6 More refined analysis of local vascular inflammation and the cytokines expressed in atherosclerotic plaques revealed that there is a balance between pro-inflammatory and anti- inflammatory cytokines and that this balance is crucial for lesion development ( Figure 2A). (researchgate.net)
Humans with variants of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes show increased susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease[ 2 ]. (wjgnet.com)

We found that the most significant differentially methylated sites had a remarkable enrichment in type I interferon (IFN) pathway genes. (frontiersin.org)
We also identified 21 differentially expressed genes having significant QTLs related to CORT + DFP, but without evidence for untreated and DFP treated controls, suggesting regions of the genome specifically involved in the response to CORT + DFP. (cdc.gov)
By integrating two datasets (GSE77459 and GSE92681) in the GEO database using the sva and limma packages of R, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of pulpitis were identified. (researchsquare.com)
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were seared by combing the TCGA database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the key molecule AKR1B10 was identified by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). (portlandpress.com)
The purpose of the study was to identify the key genes that were differentially expressed in these disc cells compared to cells without inflammatory cytokine treatment, using bioinformatics analyses, and to explore the related signaling pathways and interaction networks, providing clues to the molecular mechanisms of disc degeneration for future experimental studies. (minervamedica.it)
4 samples each) were identified using the R language, and were pooled using the Excel software program to select the common differentially expressed genes in the two datasets. (minervamedica.it)
RESULTS: Of the 255 concomitantly and differentially expressed genes identified after respective treatment with TNF-α and IL-1β, 141 were up-regulated and 114 were down-regulated. (minervamedica.it)
The gene ontology annotation analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were primarily associated with cytokine activity, growth factor activity, the inflammatory reaction and the response to injury. (minervamedica.it)
The signaling pathway analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly related to the interactions of cytokines, apoptosis and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. (minervamedica.it)

Here, we have evaluated transcriptional and cytokine secretion profiles and detected a distinct upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in infected cell cultures and samples taken from infected patients. (nature.com)
The generalized biological basis and scientific rationale of this study rest on known tumor/host cell biology showing that the interaction of tumor and stromal cells leads to the secretion of multiple growth factors and cytokines that modulate and promote cell growth, inflammation, and angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment ( 2 - 4 ) and hence is related to tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis ( 5, 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
16-membered) on MUC5AC and MUC2 gene expression and secretion from human airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal inherited disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in airway epithelial cells 1 . (ersjournals.com)
Oxidant tone regulates RANTES gene expression in airway epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cigana C, Assael BM, Melotti P: Azithromycin selectively reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)

Interferons are secreted cytokines produced in response to viral infections. (wikigenes.org)
Interferons (IFNs) are secreted cytokines with the ability to activate expression of IFN stimulated genes that increase resistance of cells to virus infections. (lu.se)

This cytokine is an important molecule controlling immunity of the gut and has been implicated in chronic inflammation associated with the gastrointestinal tract. (wikipedia.org)
The major pathologic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are joint inflammation and articular cartilage resorption by proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases. (aspetjournals.org)
Then, the DEGs were analysed to identify biological pathways of dental pulp inflammation with Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). (researchsquare.com)
GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in biological processes related to inflammation, and the enriched pathways in the KEGG pathway analysis were cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signalling pathway and NF-κB signalling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
In addition, inflammation is also an important pathophysiological factor in the development and progression of DN [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The intensive exposure of the liver cells to any type of noxae, such as viruses , drugs , alcohols , and xenobiotics could induce hepatic inflammation through the upregulation of gene expression of several fibrotic and inflammatory mediators. (bvsalud.org)
The findings showed that silymarin reduced liver inflammation by overcoming the OS process and inflammatory cytokines production which was stimulated by CCl4. (bvsalud.org)

This cytokine can induce NF-κB activation, and stimulate the production of IL-8 (named also CXCL8), which is the major chemotactic substance of neutrophils. (wikipedia.org)
PICs may further induce long-term synaptic plasticity through CREB-mediated gene transcription. (jneurosci.org)
In addition, spinal IL-1β was also shown to induce the transcription of pronociceptive genes (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
Activated transcription factors in conjunction with chromatin remodelers induce epigenetic changes that reprogram IFN responses. (lu.se)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)

interleukins, macrophage- associated cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interferon (IFN)-g and colony stimulating factors (CSFs) have emerged as key factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (researchgate.net)
Monocytes migrate into tissues, where over about 8 hours, they develop into macrophages under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)

The altered transforming growth factor β pathway is better understood, the importance of epigenetic factors has been demonstrated and recent data suggest that many of the observations made in Marfan syndrome can actually be made in thoracic aortic aneurysm from diverse aetiologies. (bmj.com)
Compared to the untreated and DFP treated controls, the combined treatment significantly activated pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and TNF signaling pathway. (cdc.gov)
Using GSEA analysis, we found that the antigen processing and presentation pathway were related to the five tumor coexpressed genes mentioned above. (hindawi.com)
These results identify PIAS1 as a specific inhibitor of Stat1-mediated gene activation and suggest that there may exist a specific PIAS inhibitor in every STAT signaling pathway. (nih.gov)

Based on the tumor purity and lung carcinoma gene matrix, we performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and the tumor purity-related module was identified. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we constructed a tumor purity coexpression network based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Simple Plex assay for the detection of mouse Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) in cell culture supernatant (CCS), serum, plasma (EDTA/Heparin), and urine. (rndsystems.com)
This article reports important and significant translational results from the largest study to date in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients of the relationship between baseline levels and longitudinal changes in these individual serum cytokine levels and multiplexed NF-κB-related panels with cause-specific and disease-free survival. (aacrjournals.org)

Therapeutic strategies include the blocking of transcription factors such as NF-κB that lead to inflammatory gene activation and the inhibition of signaling pathways that are stimulated in lung diseases. (ersjournals.com)
By integrating different datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we analysed a merged expression matrix of pulpitis, aiming to identify biological pathways and diagnostic biomarkers of pulpitis. (researchsquare.com)
Immunoflourescence images of expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 showing thealteration of key protein markers of antioxidant gene expression, read more in 'Melatonin targets ferroptosis through bimodal alteration of redox environment and cellular pathways in NAFLD model' from Saha et al, in this edition of Bioscience Reports. (portlandpress.com)
The study demonstrated how biological pathways involved in the stress response (HPA axis and immune system) provide important mechanisms linking social risk factors to the development of psychotic symptoms. (kcl.ac.uk)

Background Family history reflects the complex interplay of genetic susceptibility and shared environmental exposures and is an important risk factor for obesity, diabetes, and heart and blood conditions (ODHB). (cdc.gov)
Development of asthma is multifactorial and depends on the interactions among multiple susceptibility genes and environmental factors. (msdmanuals.com)

When a virus is detected, a signaling protein called interferon is released and it induces an antiviral state by upregulating a whole slew of interferon-stimulated genes. (elifesciences.org)
These severe cases are often associated with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and low antiviral responses, which can cause systemic complications. (nature.com)
Therapies aimed at modulating immune activation to attenuate the detrimental inflammatory response or promote an antiviral cytokine response represent an important avenue for treating patients with severe COVID-19. (nature.com)

A number of environmental risk factors could wield influence over the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases through epigenetic mechanisms ( Zhang and Zhang, 2015 ), which provide a crucial link between environmental and genetic risk factors of the diseases. (frontiersin.org)

DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic mechanisms, and it plays an important role in determining gene function ( Hedrich and Tsokos, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
Mechanisms of activation of interferon regulator factor 3: the role of C-terminal domain phosphorylation in IRF-3 dimerization and DNA binding. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Conclusions Our findings inform the utility of family history data as a risk assessment and screening tool for the prevention of ODHBs and to provide additional insights into shared risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms. (cdc.gov)

The overall IFN-related gene panel annotated by gene ontology (GO) showed an excellent diagnostic capacity in CD4+ T cells (Sensitivity = 0.82, specificity = 0.82 and AUC = 0.90), while IFI44L , another IFN-related gene not annotated by GO, showed high prediction ability in both CD4+ (AUC = 0.86) and CD8+ (AUC = 0.75) T cells. (frontiersin.org)

IL-25 induces the production of other cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in multiple tissues, which stimulate the expansion of eosinophils. (wikipedia.org)
A delayed Th2 differentiation and delayed production of cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 have been demonstrated in the IL-25 knockout mouse. (wikipedia.org)
FP induces apoptosis of eosinophils 18 and also reduces the production of several cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES (regulated on activation, T-cell expressed and secreted) by alveolar macrophages 19 and lymphocytes 20 , 21 . (ersjournals.com)
Morikawa K, Zhang J, Nonaka M, Morikawa S: Modulatory effect of macrolide antibiotics on the Th1- and Th2-type cytokine production. (karger.com)
Patients also showed an upregulation of the antimicrobial alpha-defensins, as well as differences in expression patterns of genes involved in NF-κB signaling and Cytokine Production. (kcl.ac.uk)
This study showed increased secretory IgA production, and lower proinflammatory cytokine production following infection. (news-medical.net)

In a clinical phenotype analysis, we found that these five factors can be used as independent prognostic risk factors. (hindawi.com)
The results include overlapping associations between family history of different types of cardiometabolic conditions (such as type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease), and their risk factors (obesity, hypertension), where adults with a family history of 1 ODHB exhibited 1.1 to 5.6 times (1.5, on average) the odds of having a different ODHB. (cdc.gov)

This agent also inhibited cytokine-stimulated MMP-3 protein expression in human synovial fibroblasts. (aspetjournals.org)

The genes involved in innate immunity face special challenges that other genes do not. (elifesciences.org)

Instead, TWHF partially inhibited DNA binding capacity of cytokine-stimulated activating protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors. (aspetjournals.org)
In vitro , RSV attenuated high glucose-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) expression and mesangial cell proliferation, as well as Akt and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) activation. (hindawi.com)

Moreover, cGAS is an important molecule for regulating basal expression levels of cell-intrinsic immune genes in cells and is, therefore, a central protein in immune responses to virus infection 10 . (nature.com)
Sepsis is defined as a host's response to been a candidate gene for investigation into blood culture bottles (Egyptian infection resulting from an imbalance in inflammatory disease, and studies Diagnostic Media) then incubated at between systemic pro-inflammatory focusing on elucidation of MIF gene 37 °C for 7-14 days. (who.int)

Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFB1) initiates chemical signals that regulate various cell activities including the proliferation, maturation, differentiation, motility, and apoptosis of cells throughout the body. (darkdaily.com)

The mRNA for this gene contains multiple polyadenylation sites, and is alternatively translated from non-AUG (CUG) and AUG initiation codons, resulting in five different isoforms with distinct properties. (nih.gov)
Different members of the STAT protein family have distinct functions in cytokine signaling. (nih.gov)

Explore the normal functions of human genes and the health implications of genetic changes. (medlineplus.gov)
A simple explanation for this difference could be that functional specialization, perhaps driven by challenges from different pathogens, drove the IFIT1 gene to diverge in the mouse and human lineages. (elifesciences.org)
This means that mouse IFIT1 and human IFIT1 are paralogs (caused by a gene duplication event) rather than orthologs (caused by a speciation event), so the authors renamed the mouse gene IFIT1B . (elifesciences.org)
However, as most pathologists know, there are more than 20,000 protein-coding genes in the human genome . (darkdaily.com)
He found that roughly 25% of the articles tagged by the NLM only featured 100 of the 20,000 human genes. (darkdaily.com)
The remaining genes on the list also have crucial roles in the functioning of the human body and disease prevention and treatment. (darkdaily.com)

Taken together, these findings suggest that leptin deficiency affects cytokine gene expression differently in the brain compared to peripheral tissues with minimal interaction from acute SF. (peerj.com)
The current study builds on previously reported data from these and other investigators that increased expression of a number of cytokines and growth factors is observed in HNSCC cell lines and tumor tissues ( 7 - 15 ). (aacrjournals.org)

A total of 470 DEGs comprising 394 upregulated and 76 downregulated genes were found in pulpitis tissue. (researchsquare.com)

CONCLUSIONS: We found that ICAM1 and other genes may play a role in the development of disc degeneration induced by inflammatory reactions using a bioinformatics analysis of the gene expression profiles of degenerative intervertebral disc cells stimulated with inflammatory factors, suggesting that bioinformatics methods can be used to identify potential target for intervertebral disc degeneration. (minervamedica.it)

BACKGROUND: To investigate the microarray data on the gene expression profiles of intervertebral disc degeneration related to cytokine exposure. (minervamedica.it)

IL-25 induces IL-4, IL-5 a[clarification needed] IL-13, cytokines which play important role in allergies. (wikipedia.org)

Functional genotype in matrix metalloproteinases-2 promoter is a risk factor for oral carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)

The interaction network analysis indicated that PTGS2, ICAM1, NOV and other genes may play a role in disc degeneration. (minervamedica.it)

The effects of the two macrolides on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release were also examined. (karger.com)

Further, the IL-25 gene has been identified in a chromosomal region associated with diseases of the gut such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although no direct evidence suggests that IL-25 plays any role in this disease. (wikipedia.org)
Accumulating evidence suggests that it acts as an etiological factor in the initiation and progression of many of these conditions. (wjgnet.com)

All three of these cytokines support the Th2 immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 subverts innate immune response by inducing degradation of IFN regulatory factor 3. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Substrate recognition by either RNA or DNA sensors leads to signaling cascades that activate two major branches of the innate immune response, the type I/III IFN response and the inflammatory cytokine response (reviewed in ref. 11 ). (nature.com)
The inflammatory cytokine response is involved in the recruitment and activation of immune cells. (nature.com)
We found that these factors were significantly negatively correlated with tumor purity and positively correlated with the immune score in the immunophenotyping analysis. (hindawi.com)

In summary, our results show significant genetic effects of the CORT + DFP treatment, which mirrors gene and protein expression changes seen in GWI sufferers, providing insight into the disease and a testbed for future interventions. (cdc.gov)
AZM and MDM attenuated PMA-induced MUC5AC and MUC2 gene and protein expression in NCI-H292 cells. (karger.com)

In conclusion, our study demonstrated that hypomethylation of IFN-related genes is a common feature of GD/RA/SLE/SSc patients in CD4+ T cells, and the DNA methylation profile of IFN-related genes could be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of GD, RA, SLE, and SSc. (frontiersin.org)

This would make the IFIT1 genes orthologs. (elifesciences.org)

Ovarian cancer cell heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferases regulate an angiogenic program induced by heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor/EGF receptor signaling. (nih.gov)

At least eight known mutations of the EGFR gene have been associated with lung cancer and often appear in drug-resistant cases of the disease. (darkdaily.com)
Clustering of FGFR2 gene mutations inpatients with Pfeiffer and Crouzon syndromes (FGFR2-associated craniosynostoses). (medscape.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. (nih.gov)
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Levels in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis. (nih.gov)
Besides transforming growth factor β, the role of metalloproteinase, the fibrinolytic/coagulation system, is being suggested in the progression of the disease. (bmj.com)
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) contains a heparin-binding protein that promotes the growth of blood vessels and is critical for physiological and pathological angiogenesis . (darkdaily.com)
Transforming growth factor-ß-1 polymorphisms are infrequent but exist at selected loci in oral submucous fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
Mutation of the gene (locus 10q26) for fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 ( FGFR2 ) could be responsible for Crouzon syndrome. (medscape.com)
Clinically mild, atypical, and aged craniofacial syndrome is diagnosed as Crouzon syndrome by identification of a point mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene (FGFR2). (medscape.com)

Tyrosine phosphorylated STATs dimerize and translocate into the nucleus to activate specific genes. (nih.gov)

Variants of the VEGFA gene have been affiliated with microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis . (darkdaily.com)

The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 is essential for viral-induced IFN-β synthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
These observations, together with their finding that the levels of several of these factors can be jointly modulated in HNSCC by the transcription factor NF-κB, led these investigators to hypothesize that the circulating levels of these factors could be combined into a biologically rational biomarker panel for more accurately predicting response, relapse, and survival in individual patients. (aacrjournals.org)

Ob/ob mice exhibited elevated cytokine gene expression in liver (TNF-α, TGF-β1), heart (TGF-β1), fat (TNF-α), and brain (hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex: IL-1β, TNF-α) compared with wild-type mice. (peerj.com)
SF significantly increased IL-1β and TNF-α gene expression in fat and TGF-β1 expression in spleen relative to controls, but only in wild-type mice. (peerj.com)
2 provides a global overview on the overall effects of these cytokines on plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis in C57/BL6, ApoE 2/2 , and LDLr 2/2 mice. (researchgate.net)
In addition, mice in which the receptor gene for TNFα has been knocked out are resistant to alcohol-induced liver injury[ 5 ]. (wjgnet.com)

Anatomy28

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