• The lineage of dendritic cells is not fully characterized, although prior studies have shown that growth and differentiation are controlled by cytokines, particularly granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). (silverchair.com)
  • These results provide new evidence that dendritic cells represent a differentiation pathway distinct from lymphocytes and monocytes. (silverchair.com)
  • IL-13 secreted by ILC2s also promotes migration of activated lung dendritic cells into the draining lymph node, which then results in naive T cell priming and differentiation into Th2 cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, we have determined that these adaptors regulate T cell activation, CD4 differentiation and effector function, and Treg cell metabolism and lineage stability. (upenn.edu)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cell therapy targeting the B cell specific differentiation antigen CD19 has shown clinical efficacy in a subset of relapsed/refractory (r/r) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, various adipokines secreted by adipocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Next, we summarize various cytokines produced by adipocytes that regulate the survival, activation and differentiation of B cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have previously shown that the sialic acid-containing (Sia + ) fraction of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) influences cell surface marker expression and cytokine/ chemokine secretion during the differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). (scirp.org)
  • The differentiating cells also actively alter these signals by producing relevant cytokines, thus influencing the differentiation process through extracellular feedbacks. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • While differentiation is usually studied under polarizing conditions, applying only one signal at a time, cells in vivo are expected to sense a more complex environment, in which they may be simultaneously exposed to combinations of cytokines. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • We explore differentiation under mixed input conditions by exposing cells to varied combinations of cytokines, experimentally mapping the "decision space" of the differentiation process at the single cell level. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 + T cells are essential organizers of cell-mediated immunity, participating in each stage of the immune response. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the mouse, the differentiation of this new lineage is initiated by TGFbeta-1 and IL-6 or IL-21, which activates Stat3 and induces the expression of the transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptors (RORγt and RORα). (biolegend.com)
  • Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)
  • Flt-3 Ligand, also known as FL, is an alpha-helical cytokine that promotes the differentiation of multiple hematopoietic cell lineages. (rndsystems.com)
  • Flt-3 Ligand induces the expansion of monocytes and immature dendritic cells as well as early B cell lineage differentiation. (rndsystems.com)
  • It synergizes with IL-3, GM-CSF, and SCF to promote the mobilization and myeloid differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • The gut is the natural site of T H 17 generation and it has recently been found that microbes can affect T cell differentiation via regulating dendritic cells. (hindawi.com)
  • And TGF-β, just going back to that, is specific to cellular function in terms of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation. (chiroeco.com)
  • Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine best known for its specific effects on the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of hematopoietic cells of the neutrophilic granulocyte lineage. (rndsystems.com)
  • Vascularization or vasculogenesis is defined as the differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into mature epithelial cells to enable the formation of new blood vessels. (naturalnews.com)
  • In their previous study, the researchers found that epimedin C could induce endothelial-like (but not osteogenic) differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 cells in vitro. (naturalnews.com)
  • C3H/10T1/2 is a clonal mouse embryo line used in the developmental determination of vertebrate stem cell lineages and their subsequent differentiation. (naturalnews.com)
  • BMP2 is a cytokine and growth factor that stimulates the differentiation of myoblasts to osteoblasts. (naturalnews.com)
  • Organoid-based studies using parasite-derived excretory/secretory products reveal that Hpb -mediated revSC generation occurs independent of host-derived immune signals and inhibits type 2 cytokine-driven differentiation of secretory epithelial lineages that promote their expulsion. (ircm.qc.ca)
  • Reciprocally, type 2 cytokine signals limit revSC differentiation and, consequently, Hpb fitness indicating that helminths compete with their host for control of the intestinal stem cell niche to promote continuation of their life cycle. (ircm.qc.ca)
  • In this context, a new molecule, B-cell activating factor (BAFF), has emerged as a positive regulator of B cell survival and differentiation functioning through various signaling pathways and potentiating the activity of various receptor complexes through pleiotropic means. (medsci.org)
  • We examine this hypothesis through functional and molecular analysis of individual blood cells captured from self-renewal cultures, during cytokine-driven differentiation and from primary stem and progenitor bone marrow compartments. (lu.se)
  • function of proliferative responses provoked in the induction cell products favor immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, phase of contact allergy, the murine local lymph node assay serving as growth and differentiation factors for mast cells and (LLNA), has been accepted as a stand-alone method for skin eosinophils, the cellular effectors of the clinical manifestations of sensitization testing (NIH, 1999). (cdc.gov)
  • They can be distinguished by antigen-specific surface receptors and other cell surface molecules called clusters of differentiation (CDs), whose presence or absence define some subsets. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age. (lu.se)
  • Kegg pathways include: cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak- STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and hematopoietic cell lineage. (cdc.gov)
  • In this regard, his lab has identified a novel family of hematopoietic cell surface proteins, called the CD34 family, and shown that these are essential for a number of developmentally important processes. (ubc.ca)
  • Fully activated immunostimulatory DCs express high levels of costimulatory molecules, produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stimulate T cell proliferation, whereas tolerogenic DCs express low levels of costimulatory molecules, produce immunomodulatory cytokines and impair T cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, IL-2 shows a pleiotropic activity, enhancing both cell proliferation and cell death. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Furthermore, the proliferation of Th17 cells and Th17‑associated cytokines, including interleukin (IL)17, IL23 and RAR‑related orphan receptor γt, was analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Altogether our FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) analyses reveal that the neonatal subventricular zone is far more heterogeneous than previously suspected and our studies provide new insights into the signals and mechanisms that regulate their self-renewal and proliferation. (karger.com)
  • Apart from a minor direct effect on the proliferation and survival of cancer cells in other systems [ 15 ], and the recent report on its role in immune evasion via mediating B7-H1 expression on monocytes to suppress cytotoxic T cell activity [ 13 ], the major protumor role of IL-17 in inflammation-associated cancer relies on fostering angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • It may decrease proliferation of immune cells, which results in lower autoimmune activity. (medscape.com)
  • Polycythemia vera, also known as polycythemia rubra vera, is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid cells. (medscape.com)
  • The first reported case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was described in 1952 by Farquhar and Claireaux, [ 1 ] who called the disease familial hemophagocytic reticulosis and described it as a rare familial disorder characterized by a proliferation of histiocytes in solid organs and phagocytosis of blood cells. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, in this study, we investigated the expression of three immune checkpoints on peripheral blood DC subsets, in basal conditions and upon exposure to pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory stimuli, by using a flow cytometric panel that allows a direct comparison of the activatory/inhibitory phenotype of DC-lineage and inflammatory DC subsets. (nih.gov)
  • Our data indicate that the Sia + fraction of IVIG possesses the ability to influence inflammatory processes in multiple immune cell types and induces novel signatures in cell surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine production. (scirp.org)
  • Considering these facts, it could be concluded that pro-inflammatory Th17 cells may have extensive effects on LSCC pathogenesis and anti-tumor response. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Importantly, PSA binding by B cells is essential for induction of regulatory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells secreting IL-10 to control innate inflammatory responses, consistent with the lack of PSA mediated protection in Rag −/− , B cell- and IL-10-deficient mice. (nature.com)
  • 3 In CML, several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, 5 4 IL-1β, 6 and TNF-α, 4 have been shown to be up-regulated in patient serum. (haematologica.org)
  • A pro-inflammatory environment is thought to provide a selective advantage for the leukemic stem cells (LSC). (haematologica.org)
  • In contrast, the peritumoral stroma is highly infiltrated with various immune cells that actively secrete high concentrations of inflammatory cytokines for enhancing cell growth, angiogenesis, and tissue remodelling [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Senescent cells exhibit chronic activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB, a known mediator of the pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and skeletal muscle atrophy. (jci.org)
  • Published data from our group indicate that HIF-1α regulation in airway epithelial cells (AEC) drives the acute inflammatory response following LC and GA. Metabolomic profiling and metabolic flux of Type II AEC following LC revealed marked increases in glycolytic and TCA intermediates in vivo and in vitro that were HIF-1α dependent. (jci.org)
  • Importantly, lactate incubation in vitro on Type II cells did not significantly increase the inflammatory byproduct IL-1β. (jci.org)
  • He has delineated the function of these molecules in diverse set of biological processes including: 1) gut and kidney formation, 2) vascular permeability, 3) mucosal inflammatory disease, 4) stem cell homing and migration, and 5) epithelial tumor progression. (ubc.ca)
  • Increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, lysyl oxidase, transforming growth factor-β, impaired megakaryocyte function, and aberrant JAK-STAT signaling have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone marrow fibrosis. (haematologica.org)
  • However, better understanding of the role of increased JAK-STAT signaling [either through activating mutations ( JAK2 , MPL515L/K ) within the signaling pathway, or mutations involving CALR ], the role of deregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and the impaired bone marrow microenvironment is transforming the treatment approach for MF. (haematologica.org)
  • To investigate whether immune-mediated mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of autism, we used immunocytochemistry, cytokine protein arrays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to study brain tissues and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from autistic patients and determined the magnitude of neuroglial and inflammatory reactions and their cytokine expression profiles. (blogspot.com)
  • Were observed significantly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis, demonstrating that glycemic control may be associated to the immune inflammatory response of sites with chronic periodontitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Periodontal disease is considered a chronic infectious inflammatory disease characterized by intense leukocyte infiltration in the periodontal tissue resulting in secretion of various cytokines that lead to deleterious inflammatory processes and destruction of the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
  • [ 2 ] HLH is caused by a defect in inflammatory signals that results in uncontrolled hypercytokinemia, usually in a setting of congenital or acquired defective natural killer (NK)/T-cell function in the cytotoxic pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding the dendritic cell lineage through a study of cytokine receptors. (silverchair.com)
  • To further elucidate the nature and control of the dendritic cell lineage, we have studied the expression of specific cytokine receptors. (silverchair.com)
  • Sia + IgG induced increased expression of CD80 and dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) on monocytes, whereas the expression of HLA-DR was decreased. (scirp.org)
  • The working group of the Histiocyte Society divided histocytic disorders into three groups: (1) dendritic cell histiocytosis, (2) macrophage-related disorders, and (3) malignant histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • By producing IL-13, they can initiate smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion, but also goblet cell hyperplasia if the IL-13 is overexpressed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The present study examined the effects of Sia + IgG on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived monocyte and macrophage surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion. (scirp.org)
  • A recent study reported that oral antibiotic treatment caused dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, resulting in increased IL-33 secretion, leading to impaired antiviral T cell responses and enhanced susceptibility to lethal HSV2 infection 23 . (nature.com)
  • Sufficient numbers of dendritic cells were purified from spleen and skin to do quantitative binding studies with radiolabeled M-CSF, GM-CSF, and interleukin 1 (IL-1). (silverchair.com)
  • Interleukin (IL)17-producing Th17 cells, which are different from Th1 and Th2 cells, have been described as serving critical roles in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, as well as in cancer development ( 8 - 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Macrophages are activated by cytokines (eg, IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13) and by various microbial components (eg, lipopolysaccharide). (msdmanuals.com)
  • This lineage selectively produces proinflammatory cytokines including IL-17, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22. (biolegend.com)
  • Mosunetuzumab activates T-cells, releasing proinflammatory cytokines, and inducing B-cell lysis. (geisinger.org)
  • ILC2s produce type 2 cytokines (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • ILC2s play the crucial role of secreting type 2 cytokines in response to large extracellular parasites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Primarily, they provide a source of the type 2 cytokines that orchestrate the allergic immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Besides the type 2 cytokines, ILC2s can also produce IL-6, which induces antibody production by B-cells, acts as a growth factor for plasmablasts and contributes in regulation of T follicular helper cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extracellular feedback occurs when a cell expresses receptors to a cytokine that it secretes. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • We study extracellular feedback by the cytokine IL-2 in the context of T-cell activation. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Stem cells rely on extracellular signals produced by the niche, which dictate their ability to self-renew, expand and differentiate. (karger.com)
  • Mature human Flt-3 Ligand consists of a 158 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with a cytokine-like domain and a juxtamembrane tether region, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 30 aa cytoplasmic tail. (rndsystems.com)
  • Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) must be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs (which specialize in presenting antigens to T cells) to be recognized by CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1 The BCR-ABL1 fusion protein is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and triggers a cascade of aberrant downstream signaling pathways leading to clonal outgrowth of CML cells and subsequent disease manifestation. (haematologica.org)
  • The following list gives an overview of a variety of cell lines that have been used for addressing questions concerning the bioactivities and signal transduction pathways of cytokines . (copewithcytokines.de)
  • We discuss the rationale of various anti-fibrogenic treatment strategies targeting the clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, aberrant signaling pathways, fibrogenic cytokines, and the tumor microenvironment. (haematologica.org)
  • Tumor-induced glaucoma may be produced by obstruction of outflow pathways by pigment cells (pigment dispersion syndrome), melanin-laden macrophages (melanomalytic glaucoma), or tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • Compared to healthy controls (n=24), DLBCL patients (n=33) showed significant lymphopenia, due to low CD3 + CD4 + T helper and CD3 - CD56 + NK cell counts, while cytotoxic CD3 + CD8 + T cell counts were similar. (frontiersin.org)
  • In vitro , CD3 + CD8 + CD27 - CD28 - compared to CD3 + CD8 + CD27 + CD28 + CART cells displayed similar CD19 + target cell-specific cytotoxicity, but were hypoproliferative and produced less cytotoxic cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α). (frontiersin.org)
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (also known as CD152) is a major negative regulator of T cell responses which interacts with the B7-1 (CD80) / B7-2 (CD86) ligands on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. (scielo.br)
  • Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • HLH has been traditionally divided into a primary form, which typically manifests in children with documented genetic abnormalities of the cytotoxic function of NK cells and T cells, and a secondary form that tends to occur at older ages in the setting of an associated condition, such as infection and malignancy, without an identifiable genetic abnormality. (medscape.com)
  • FHL is an autosomal recessive disease caused by several mutations in the NK/T-cell cytotoxic pathway. (medscape.com)
  • In response to allergen exposure in the lungs, ILC2s produce IL-13, a necessary cytokine in the pathogenesis of allergic reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • This review describes how adipocytes participate in adaptive immunity from the perspective of T cells and B cells, and discusses their role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • We are investigating whether this molecule may have a role in EGID pathogenesis by overexpressing CDH26 in esophageal and gastric cell lines and monitoring their phenotypes. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • The pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is unknown. (medscape.com)
  • Resolving the Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Wilms Tumors through Spatial Mapping of Cancer Cell Evolution. (lu.se)
  • In contrast, GM-CSF receptors were abundant on mature dendritic cells, with approximately 3,000 binding sites/cell with a single Kd of 500-1,000 pM. (silverchair.com)
  • Anti-type 1 IL-1 receptor (R) mAbs also visualized these receptors by flow cytometry on freshly isolated epidermal dendritic cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Together with recent findings on the effects of IL-1 and GM-CSF on epidermal dendritic cells in situ (see Results and Discussion), the data lead to a proposal whereby IL-1 signals IL-1R to upregulate GM-CSF receptors and thereby, the observed responsiveness of dendritic cells to GM-CSF for growth, viability, and function. (silverchair.com)
  • They express characteristic surface markers and receptors for chemokines, which are involved in distribution of lymphoid cells to specific organ sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • The prevalence of Th17 cells and their receptors in patients with LSCC was studied using immunohistochemical analysis via tissue microarray technology. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
  • Cell surface receptors containing an immunoglobin domain. (embl.de)
  • Killer cell inhibitory receptors. (embl.de)
  • they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Several studies have shown that adipocytes highly express CD1d, which presents lipid antigens to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and stimulates the activation of iNKT cells ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Certain stem cells do express none or far less of most lineage-specific antigens. (ipscell.com)
  • If the blood-testes barrier, which isolates germ cells from the contact with local immune system, is impaired by some reasons, autoimmunity to sperm antigens could be induced and results in the development of autoimmune orchitis. (benthamscience.com)
  • Upon completion of this activity, the participant should understand the critical roles of dendritic cells in guiding host immune responses, and the details of how they mature, process, and present antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To accomplish this, immune cells can increase protein production, modify existing proteins, or change their rate of protein degradation. (upenn.edu)
  • The neuroinflammatory response was further confirmed with elevated pSTAT3 protein by ELISA and elevated neuroinflammatory cytokines and chemokines mRNA (TNFalpha, IL6, CCL2, IL1beta, LIF, and OSM) by qPCR. (cdc.gov)
  • The uncharacterized protein CDH26 is highly expressed in esophageal and gastric epithelial cells of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and eosinophilic gastritis (EG), respectively, compared to the corresponding epithelial cells of normal (NL) individuals. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm caused by an acquired 9;22-chromosomal translocation in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) resulting in the expression of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. (haematologica.org)
  • Today's webinar, "Breakthrough in Stem Cell Activation: The First Oral Protein Complex for Tissue Regeneration. (chiroeco.com)
  • Really excited today to talk about breakthrough in stem cell activation through an oral protein complex. (chiroeco.com)
  • Cell activation by G-CSF is mediated by a type I membrane protein belonging to the cytokine receptor superfamily. (rndsystems.com)
  • Since the researchers already knew that vasculogenesis plays a pivotal role in bone formation, they used a bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced ectopic bone formation model and mice 4T1 breast cancer cells co-implanted with luciferase-labeled C3H/10T1/2 cells (4T1 + C3H/10T1/2-Luc) model for their study. (naturalnews.com)
  • Moxetumomab pasudotox-tdfk internalization results in ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2, inhibition of protein synthesis, and apoptotic cell death. (geisinger.org)
  • Luxturna (voretigene-neparvovec-rzyl) is an adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy that delivers a normal copy of the gene encoding human retinal pigment epithelial 65 kDa protein (RPE65) to retinal cells thus augmenting reduced or absent levels of biologically active RPE65. (geisinger.org)
  • Fresh-frozen tissues available from seven patients and CSF from six living autistic patients were used for cytokine protein profiling. (blogspot.com)
  • Immunocytochemical studies showed marked activation of microglia and astroglia, and cytokine profiling indicated that macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and tumor growth factor-beta1, derived from neuroglia, were the most prevalent cytokines in brain tissues. (blogspot.com)
  • In macrophage-colony stimulating factor (MCSF) generated macrophages, Sia + IgG induced increased production of numerous cytokines/ chemokines including IL-6, TNFα, CXCL1, and IL-10, and the expression of the macrophage surface marker CD163. (scirp.org)
  • D. Bruder, E. , O. Richards, J. , M. Michel, K. and Oaks, M. (2016) Differential Effects of Alternative Glycoforms of IgG on Human Monocytes and Macrophages: Sialylated IgG Induces Novel Expression Signatures of Cell Surface Markers, Cytokines, and Chemokines. (scirp.org)
  • They are derived from common lymphoid progenitor and belong to the lymphoid lineage. (wikipedia.org)
  • So far, it has been known that IL-22 is mainly produced by lymphoid lineage cells. (researchgate.net)
  • ILC2 cells, or type 2 innate lymphoid cells are a type of innate lymphoid cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • They were previously identified in literature as natural helper cells, nuocytes, or innate helper 2 cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
  • In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
  • The cellular or innate immune system was first described by the pathologist Elie Metchnikoff who recognized the existence of cells in the blood and tissues whose role was to identify, capture, and destroy invading pathogens. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It has long been appreciated that the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system must be coordinated, but it was not until the discovery of dendritic cells (DC) by Ralph Steinman at The Rockefeller University in the early 1980s that we truly understood conceptually how the immune system functions as a coherent unit. (aacrjournals.org)
  • During pathogenic infection, immune cells collaborate to remove invading organisms while minimizing collateral damage. (upenn.edu)
  • Immune cells must continually respond to external stimuli, and adjust their levels of key regulatory proteins, to transition between poised and active states. (upenn.edu)
  • We are now poised to define how cullin ligases form distinct ubiquitin complexes in T cells or other immune cells, and the unique set of substrates targeted by these complexes. (upenn.edu)
  • Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that adipocytes have immunological functions capable of recruiting and activating immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Communication between immune cells is necessary to control immune responses in time and space, and probably takes an important part in immune recognition and information processing as well. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Tumor progression has now been recognized as the product of crosstalk between cancer cells and stromal cells, including immune cells [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • CIBERSORT and TIMER algorithms confirmed that there are significant differences in tumor-infiltrating immune cells in different risk groups. (techscience.com)
  • The global focus of his research program, supported by CIHR Project Grants, a Discovery Award by NSERC, a Synergy Award from the Kenneth Rainin Foundation and a Seed Grant Award by the McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, is to elucidate how immune cells promote the generation of protective immune responses against diseases by communicating with their local environment. (ircm.qc.ca)
  • Ongoing projects focus on glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) and how they coordinate with immune cells from the blood to affect bystander brain injury in the days after stroke. (stanford.edu)
  • Dendritic cells form a system of antigen presenting cells that are specialized to stimulate T lymphocytes, including quiescent T cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Only PSA-treated mice survived, with dramatically reduced brainstem inflammation and altered cytokine and chemokine profiles. (nature.com)
  • Corticosteroids are immunosuppressive and affect the replication, movement, and activity of virtually all cells involved with inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • These cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, were found to provide a rapid response to virtually all pathogens and to initiate inflammation at sites of local infection. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to deficient insulin production type 1 or type 2, that is preceded by systemic inflammation, leading to reduced pancreatic β-cell function, apoptosis and insulin resistence 3 , the latter being more prevalent in adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • IL-22 has been characterized as a critical cytokine in maintaining barrier integrity and host immunity. (researchgate.net)
  • The adaptive immune response consists of T cell-mediated cellular immunity and B cell-mediated humoral immunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, adipocytes play an important role in B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • There are two main mechanisms in the adaptive immune system-humoral immunity and cellular immunity, which are mediated by antibodies and cells respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • The T and B cells are the major components of adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to immune defects that affect IgE synthesis, defects of cell-mediated immunity have also been reported, consistent with impaired TH 1 responses. (medscape.com)
  • Vaccine strategies that concentrate on stimulating T cell immunity will at best generate reactive and persisting T cell responses that can suppress virus without preventing infection, limiting or preventing the damage the virus cause. (scielo.br)
  • In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
  • At present, the IL-17-producing cells in human HCC tissue are found to be from the adaptive arm of immunity. (hindawi.com)
  • The role of T H 17 cells in tumor immunity has been controversial. (hindawi.com)
  • Cyclosporine is a cyclic polypeptide that suppresses some humoral immunity and, to a greater extent, cell-mediated immune reactions such as delayed hypersensitivity, allograft rejection, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and graft versus host disease for a variety of organs. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding the paradoxical importance of dendritic cells in immunity and tolerance will inform the development of successful cancer immunotherapies. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We now understand that adaptive immunity is the purview of a second set of leukocytes, T and B lymphocytes, which are responsible not only for antibody production but also for the generation of T cells that can directly identify and kill host cells infected by pathogens (e.g., viruses). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The present study investigated the expression of T helper (Th)17 cytokines in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and their clinical significance in providing new therapeutic insights. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cancer Lett, 300:215-224.doi:10.1016/j. squamous cell carcinoma in north-eastern Iran. (who.int)
  • Analyses of in vitro self-renewing multipotent systems have revealed cellular heterogeneity with individual cells transiently exhibiting distinct biases for lineage commitment 1-6 . (lu.se)
  • Three distinct cell types are recognized in uveal melanomas: spindle A, spindle B, and epithelioid. (medscape.com)
  • Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage, do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These findings support a model by which decision under mixed conditions follows a fuzzy logic, where cells project their internal state onto the output phenotype stochastically, with probabilities which depend on the system's input. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • Its metastatic potential depends on the phenotype of the tumor cells, and it frequently disseminates before diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • The 9 members of this family that exist in mammalian cells evolved from a common yeast progenitor known as RSP5. (upenn.edu)
  • Although bone marrow fibrosis is seen in a variety of malignant and non-malignant disease states, the deposition of reticulin and collagen fibrosis in the bone marrow of patients with myelofibrosis is believed to be mediated by the myelofibrosis hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, contributing to an impaired microenvironment favoring malignant over normal hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
  • Additionally, we are performing biochemical characterization of this molecule to determine how it may affect cell adhesion and other cell functions. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Little is known about molecular mecha- desmosomal glycoproteins, resulting in the nisms affecting mast cell and T lympho- loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • They produce a profile of signals in response to pro-allergenic cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 that is similar to those produced in response to helminthic infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • rather their responses strongly rely on signals that they receive from other cells in the system. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • It is essential to have sensitive and reproducible methods of either quantifying or isolating these stem cells and progenitors to understand their intrinsic properties and how extrinsic signals regulate their development. (karger.com)
  • Sia + IgG also increased the expression of cell surface markers associated with macrophage polarization (e.g. (scirp.org)
  • Monocytes migrate into tissues, where over about 8 hours, they develop into macrophages under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
  • At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Here we define a 4-color flow cytometry panel using CD133, LeX, CD140a, NG2 to define a neural stem cell (NSC) as well as 4 classes of multipotential progenitors and 3 classes of bipotential progenitors, several of which have not been described previously. (karger.com)
  • As you can see in that post, I didn't find convincing data to either back up the claimed stem cell connection. (ipscell.com)
  • If you haven't already, please also take a look at our stem cell YouTube channel and subscribe. (ipscell.com)
  • I wrote about the preprint for this bat stem cell work earlier. (ipscell.com)
  • On the other hand, any allogeneic cell, even a stem cell, is going to be recognized in some way as foreign. (ipscell.com)
  • I will go through these BMPs and their stem cell signaling pathway, and then we're going to talk about just principles of bone and cartilage. (chiroeco.com)
  • To address this knowledge gap, we developed an in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based large-scale CRISPR knockout screening platform to enable the genetic interrogation of hematopoiesis and broad aspects of immune cell function in vivo. (biorxiv.org)
  • C3H/10T1/2 cells can be induced to differentiate into multiple stem cell lineages. (naturalnews.com)
  • Enteric helminths form intimate physical connections with the intestinal epithelium, yet their ability to directly alter epithelial stem cell fate has not been resolved. (ircm.qc.ca)
  • There his work focused on transcriptional control of hematopoietic stem cell maturation and cell fate. (ubc.ca)
  • In addition, he identified a number of novel hematopoietic stem cell surface proteins and began analyzing their function. (ubc.ca)
  • He is a member of the Stem Cell Network Centre of Excellence (past member of the Stem Cell Policy Committee and Research Management Committee and current Sub-chair of the Training and Education Committee), and a member of the AllerGen Network Centre of Excellence (Research Management Committee and Co-Chair of the Biomarkers Program). (ubc.ca)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative therapeutic approach that reliably results in resolution of bone marrow fibrosis in patients with myelofibrosis. (haematologica.org)
  • 3 Myelofibrosis (MF) refers to the Philadelphia chromosome ( BCR-ABL1 )-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) originating at the level of the multipotent hematopoietic stem cell. (haematologica.org)
  • Red cell development is initially regulated by stem cell factor (SCF), which commits hematopoietic stem cells to develop into erythroid progenitors. (medscape.com)
  • However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
  • Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • More than 300 CDs have been identified many of which are absent from lymphocytes but present on other cells of the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)
  • On the basis of high-throughput transcriptomics data, we identify whipworm proteins that are highly expressed in the anterior region of the parasite, that is, in intimate contact with the cytoplasm of host intestinal cells and the immune system. (nature.com)
  • We use basic and clinical research to understand the cells, proteins, and genes that lead to successful recovery of function, and also how complications develop that impact quality of life after stroke. (stanford.edu)
  • There he worked with Dr. Max D. Cooper (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Academy of Sciences) and his research focused on cell surface proteins expressed by preB cells that regulate B cell maturation and homing. (ubc.ca)
  • His laboratory has followed two primary interests: 1) the transcription factor networks that regulate fate determination in various cells that make blood, and 2) the cell surface proteins expressed by hematopoietic stem cells that and allow them to communicate with their microenvironment. (ubc.ca)
  • After homogenization, the samples were submitted to differential centrifugation to obtain cell membranes and, further, to phospholipase C (PIPLC) treatment, to remove membrane-bound proteins anchored by phosphatidylinositol. (bvsalud.org)
  • PD-1 ligand upregulation may occur in some tumors and signaling through this pathway can contribute to inhibition of active T-cell immune surveillance of tumors. (geisinger.org)
  • Aberrantly expressed cytokines in the bone marrow (BM) niche are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of survival and expansion of leukemic stem cells. (haematologica.org)
  • 2 1 There is growing evidence to suggest that primitive CML cells affect the bone marrow (BM) niche, contributing to deregulated cytokine levels. (haematologica.org)
  • Flt-3 Ligand is expressed as a noncovalently-linked dimer by T cells and bone marrow and thymic fibroblasts. (rndsystems.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • These cells lack antigen specific B or T cell receptor because of the lack of recombination activating gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DC) are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Although NK precursors and immature NK cells have been identified in mice and humans, the precise sites where NK cell maturation take place are not yet fully defined. (scielo.br)
  • It cooperates with IL-2, -6, -7, and -15 to induce NK cell development and with IL-3, -7, and -11 to induce terminal B cell maturation. (rndsystems.com)
  • As a result, the pathologic cells of LCH have been hypothesized to represent Langerhans cells in a state of arrested maturation. (medscape.com)
  • They require IL-7 for their development, which activates two transcription factors (both required by these cells)-RORα and GATA3. (wikipedia.org)
  • IL-23, which also activates Stat3, serves to maintain Th17 cells lineage. (biolegend.com)
  • The developmental branching points between several lymphoid and myeloid lineages are still controversial, and little is known about how their diversification is induced. (scielo.br)
  • Next, an overview of several current models of hematopoietic lineage trees to identify developmental branching points between the lymphoid and myeloid cell compartments is discussed. (scielo.br)
  • Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4 + T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The adipocyte was reported as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) which expresses CD1d and MHC class I and II molecules. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, like other nucleated cells, adipocytes express MHC class I molecules. (frontiersin.org)
  • The intratumoral region is generally in an immunosuppressive state [ 3 ] it contains dysfunctional antigen presenting cells, altered proportion of effector to regulatory T cells, and an abundance of immunosuppressive molecules, forming a network to facilitate immune evasion [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Immune escape is mainly caused by histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, abnormal antigen signaling mechanism, immunosuppressive components (such as HLA-G), Fas and its ligands to activate apoptosis and overexpression of other immunosuppressive molecules, such as lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) ( Steven and Seliger, 2018 ). (techscience.com)
  • Through gene knockout studies he has shown that these molecules act as a type of molecular "Teflon" to make cells more mobile and invasive and also facilitate chemotaxis. (ubc.ca)
  • Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in initiating and shaping immune responses. (nih.gov)
  • Further, allergic responses that resemble asthma-like symptoms have been induced in mice that lack T and B cells using IL-33. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our focus is on defining new mechanisms that regulate immune cell activation and protective immune responses. (upenn.edu)
  • The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch restricts antigen-driven B cell responses. (upenn.edu)
  • Hence, IL-2 may serve to balance speed and accuracy of T cell responses (Savir, Waysbort et. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Anti-HIV-1 T cell responses are evaded by continuous mutation of the virus. (scielo.br)
  • However, recent successful preclinical and clinical trials have advocated for the significance of B cell-dependent immunopathogenic responses and has led to the development of novel biologicals that target specific B cell phenotypes. (medsci.org)
  • Particular attention is given to the so-called Factor-dependent cell lines that have been used to measure cytokine activities in bioassays and/or Cytokine Assays . (copewithcytokines.de)
  • We combine this information with genetic, cellular and biochemical approaches to define how ubiquitin enzymes regulate immune cell biology. (upenn.edu)
  • T cells play a large role in the cellular immune response, while B cells are intimately involved in the humoral immune response. (frontiersin.org)
  • The beta emission form Lu 177 induces cellular damage by formation of free radicals in somatostatin receptor-positive cells and in neighboring cells. (geisinger.org)
  • The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally preferred to the older term, histiocytosis X. This newer name emphasizes the histogenesis of the condition by specifying the type of lesional cell and removes the connotation of the unknown ("X") because its cellular basis has now been clarified. (medscape.com)
  • Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)
  • The innovative and collaborative work of Dr. King has led to publications in high-impact journals such as Cell, Nature Immunology, Nature Communications, PLoS Pathogens , etc. (ircm.qc.ca)
  • It was further demonstrated that Th17 cells could be induced and expanded in the tumor microenvironment through cytokines produced by the tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • After being stimulated via IL-33 during an infection, they begin to secrete IL-5, leading to an activation of B1 B cells and the production of IgM antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to IL-17, these cells may also secrete IL-22, which was recently found to be related to HCC as well, though its production is not limited to T cells [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • B cells' primary function is to develop into plasma cells, which manufacture and secrete antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 2012). In an additional work, performed in collaboration with Yuval Hart and Uri Alon from the department of molecular cell biology, we show that IL-2 pleiotropic activity can result in homeostasis of cell numbers, where the final cell concentration is independent of initial concentration over a large range (Hart et. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • The causative pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis , is divided into 7 human-adapted phylogenetic lineages, of which some are geographically restricted and others are widespread throughout the world, possibly because they are better adapted to environments of high human density ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We find that heterogeneity in cytokine expression upon restimulation is much larger under mixed conditions than under a single cytokine input. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • To identify regulators of primitive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, we performed a high-content cytokine screen using primary CD34 + CD38 low chronic phase CML cells. (haematologica.org)
  • To evaluate the association of glycemic control and cytokine production in type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Blood cell and serum markers, along with clinical data of DLBCL patients who were scheduled for CART cell therapy were evaluated to search for biomarkers predicting CART cell responsiveness. (frontiersin.org)
  • 10, 11] However, serum IgE levels do not positively or negatively correlate with production or expression of these cytokines. (medscape.com)
  • The cell type was first described in 2001 as non-B/non-T cells, which produced IL-5 and IL-13 in response to IL-25 and expressed MHC class II and CD11c. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, we show expression of MSTN by CML mesenchymal stromal cells, and that myostatin propeptide has a direct and instant effect on CML cells, independent of myostatin, by demonstrating binding of myostatin propeptide to the cell surface and increased phosphorylation of STAT5 and SMAD2/3. (haematologica.org)
  • This increases low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) receptor recycling and expression on the hepatocyte cell surface, which increases LDL-C uptake and lowers LDL-C levels in the circulation. (geisinger.org)
  • Finally, the researchers reported that the mRNA levels of endothelial markers - namely, the platelet endothelial adhesive factor-1 (CD31), the endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1), and the vascular von Willebrand factor (vWF) in mouse 4T1 mammary tumor tissue - significantly increased after epimedin C treatment. (naturalnews.com)
  • Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • IL-5 secreted by ILC2s is essential growth factor for B1 B cells and therefore important in the IgA antibody production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Out of the 313 unique human cytokines evaluated, 11 were found to expand cell numbers ≥2-fold in a 7-day culture. (haematologica.org)
  • In an excellent issue, J.P. Di SANTO focuses on murine NK cells, although parallels to human NK cell biology are also made. (scielo.br)
  • Alternate splicing of human Flt-3 Ligand also generates membrane-associated isoforms that contain either a truncated cytoplasmic tail or an 85 aa substitution following the cytokine domain. (rndsystems.com)