ChromosomesAbnormalitiesFluorescenceMicroarraysSpeciesCytogeneticLaboratoryDiagnosisAneuploidyGermlineChromosomal changesSpectralMethodsRearrangementsComparativeGenomeIlluminaRoutineAnalysisTumorDiagnosticSituInitiallyDiagnosticsTurner SyndromePathologyNormalComplexArraysTechniquesMarkersPatientsCellsShowSuggestsTechniqueEvolutionHigher resolutionConsistent
Chromosomes18
- G-banding is a technique used in cytogenetics to produce a visible karyotype by staining condensed chromosomes. (creative-bioarray.com)
- Apart from conventional karyotyping, we can also provide Karyotyping of human chromosomes, mouse chromosomes by multicolor FISH probes . (creative-bioarray.com)
- Karyotyping is a test to examine chromosomes in a sample of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- A karyotype is typically presented as an image of the chromosomes from a single cell arranged from largest (chromosome 1) to smallest (chromosome 22), with the sex chromosomes (X and Y) shown last. (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast, all three species of the Dendropsophus marmoratus (Laurenti, 1768) group that are already karyotyped presented five pairs of telocentric chromosomes. (pensoft.net)
- Dendropsophus seniculus , D. soaresi and D. novaisi presented five pairs of telocentric chromosomes, as did the remaining species of the group previously karyotyped. (pensoft.net)
- a noticeable variation in the number of biarmed/telocentric chromosomes is observed among them, suggesting that several chromosomal rearrangements took place after the evolutionary origin of the hypothetical ancestral 30-chromosome karyotype. (pensoft.net)
- However, the chromosomes and events involved in these rearrangements also remain undiscovered because most Dendropsophus species karyotypes are not yet described, and few chromosomal markers are available for the known karyotypes, preventing reliable hypotheses of chromosome homeology. (pensoft.net)
- Beginning in the 1950s, researchers first used a molecular technique called karyotyping to visualize human chromosomes and their differences linked to conditions such as Down syndrome. (ashg.org)
- Discovering anomalies in chromosomes, such as a missing copy of a chromosome or duplicate copies, was helped by the invention of karyotyping techniques that allow paired human chromosomes to be easily stained, arranged, and visualized. (ashg.org)
- The study of chromosomes and their abnormalities is known as cytogenetics. (wakehealth.edu)
- Chromosome analysis, or karyotype, refers to the ordered pairing of homologous chromosomes. (wakehealth.edu)
- Cytogenetics is the microscopic study and analysis of chromosomes within the nucleus. (psychesystems.com)
- At the time of diagnosis, G-banding showed hypotriploid karyotype (63-64 chromosomes) and using cIg-FISH we found translocation t(4;14)(p16;q32) and gain(1)(q21). (muni.cz)
- Karyotype Most living organisms have chromosomes as the structural and functional units of genetic information in their cells. (plantlet.org)
- A karyotype is an organized profile of total chromosomes in a species or in an individual organism. (plantlet.org)
- All six karyotypes have 2n = 100 chromosomes, dominated by bi-armed chromosomes, as does the only other member of the genus, P. quathlambae (Barnard, 1938). (sagepub.com)
- In other circumstances, the testing method was neither germline or somatic, but used other means for identifying genetic risk (e.g., family history), or diagnosis, including biomarkers (objective measures of a biological state or condition within cells or organisms) and cytogenetics (the study of chromosomes and their inheritance). (cdc.gov)
Abnormalities3
- Karyotypes have been used for several decades to identify chromosomal abnormalities in both germline and cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Of note, both expand the genetic abnormalities to include mutations in specific genes (with minor differences between the two highlighted in red in Table 2 beyond karyotyping abnormalities in WHO 2017. (cap.org)
- Routine cytogenetics (karyotype) is used to identify structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities, providing valuable diagnostic and prognostic information in a variety of tumor types. (cblpath.com)
Fluorescence6
- A short introduction how cytogenetics and molecular cytogenetics were established is followed by technical aspects of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (frontiersin.org)
- This review is about "molecular cytogenetics" including 1) the historical perspective of its development from cytogenetics, 2) technical aspects, 3) available probe sets, and 4) variants and applications of the basic fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach. (frontiersin.org)
- Routine G-banded karyotype, array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses were used to characterize the cytogenetic abnormality in the patient's bone marrow. (hindawi.com)
- Automated Scanning Cytogenetics Imaging Suite is a software suite designed for cytogenetic analysis, specifically digital karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. (dssimage.com)
- Here, we provide the first cytogenetic information on the species based on both conventional karyotyping and chromosomal mapping of 45S and 5S ribosomal genes through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (scielo.br)
- In certain circumstances, when a lymph node is not easily accessible for excisional or incisional biopsy, a combination of core biopsy and FNA biopsies in conjunction with appropriate ancillary techniques for the differential diagnosis (immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, PCR for IGHV and TCR gene rearrangements, karyotype, and fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] for major translocations) may be sufficient for diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Microarrays1
- Other terms used to describe the arrays used for karyotyping include SOMA (SNP oligonucleotide microarrays) and CMA (chromosome microarray). (wikipedia.org)
Species2
- A karyotype (Fig 1) is the characteristic chromosome complement of a eukaryote species. (wikipedia.org)
- Although the ITSs have been interpreted as evidence of ancestral chromosomal fusions and inversions, the het- ITSs detected in the karyotype of D. soaresi could not be explained as direct remnants of ancestral chromosomal rearrangements because no evidence of chromosomal changes emerged from the comparison of the karyotypes of all of the species of the D. marmoratus group. (pensoft.net)
Cytogenetic3
- GenASIs Bandview is a software module for karyotyping diagnostics, offering cytogenetic labs with accurate, repeatable and standardized analysis. (dssimage.com)
- Witney also provided some information on the state of the cyto market, stating that about half of the constitutional cytogenetic tests being performed today are being run on arrays, while the balance of users continue to rely on legacy karyotyping methods. (genomeweb.com)
- Hematological CR was accompanied by complete cytogenetic remission according to conventional cytogenetics in all evaluable cases. (biomedcentral.com)
Laboratory2
- Array-based karyotyping can be done with several different platforms, both laboratory-developed and commercial. (wikipedia.org)
- The Cytogenetics Laboratory at KKH provides a comprehensive range of diagnostic tests for prenatal, postnatal and oncology specimens. (kkh.com.sg)
Diagnosis2
- Additionally, the field of cytogenetics is important in the diagnosis and workup of patients with hematologic/oncologic disorders. (wakehealth.edu)
- Cytogenetics tests are also important for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment options for haematological and oncological patients. (kkh.com.sg)
Aneuploidy2
- We conclude that ongoing CIN is common in colorectal cancer organoids, and propose that CIN levels and the tolerance for mitotic errors shape aneuploidy landscapes and karyotype heterogeneity. (nature.com)
- Karyotyping of cells obtained by either amniocentesis or CVS is the standard and definitive means of diagnosing aneuploidy in fetuses. (cdc.gov)
Germline2
- citation needed] Virtual karyotypes can be performed on germline samples for constitutional disorders, and clinical testing is available from dozens of CLIA certified laboratories (genetests.org). (wikipedia.org)
- In addition to coding for disease/condition and application focus, we reviewed each guideline document to identify whether guideline related to germline or somatic genetic testing, or involved another testing method (e.g., family history, biomarkers, cytogenetics). (cdc.gov)
Chromosomal changes1
- This study recommends that karyotyping should be tested frequently in hematological conditions because it may provide insight into the relative chromosomal changes associated with particular malignancies. (scielo.br)
Spectral1
- GenASIs HiSKY performs Hyperspectral Karyotyping analysis, leveraging the benefits of multiplexed spectral imaging to obtain a karyotype which uniquely colors each chromosome and provides a level of detailed analysis not available with any other karyotyping technique. (dssimage.com)
Methods1
- The main methods used for creating virtual karyotypes are array-comparative genomic hybridization and SNP arrays. (wikipedia.org)
Rearrangements1
- Cytogenetics work has established the normal Tasmanian Devil karyotype and the chromosome rearrangements of the tumour. (agriculture.gov.au)
Comparative4
- It detects genomic copy number variations at a higher resolution for level than conventional karyotyping or chromosome-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Recently, platforms for generating high-resolution karyotypes in silico from disrupted DNA have emerged, such as array comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH) and SNP arrays. (wikipedia.org)
- Teixeira LSR, Seger KG, Targueta CP, Orrico VGD, Lourenço LB (2016) Comparative cytogenetics of tree frogs of the Dendropsophus marmoratus (Laurenti, 1768) group: conserved karyotypes and interstitial telomeric sequences. (pensoft.net)
- Comparative Cytogenetics 10(4): 753-767. (pensoft.net)
Genome4
- Virtual karyotype is the digital information reflecting a karyotype, resulting from the analysis of short sequences of DNA from specific loci all over the genome, which are isolated and enumerated. (wikipedia.org)
- Conventional karyotypes can assess the entire genome for changes in chromosome structure and number, but the resolution is relatively coarse, with a detection limit of 5-10Mb. (wikipedia.org)
- For Illumina CEO Jay Flatley and Affymetrix CEO Frank Witney, the future commercial potential of the maturing technology lies in applied markets, including cytogenetics, agricultural biotechnology, and direct-to-consumer services, rather than in the large array-driven genome-wide association or gene expression studies of years ago. (genomeweb.com)
- Fig. 4: Single-cell genome sequencing reveals karyotype heterogeneity in tumor PDOs. (nature.com)
Illumina1
- In terms of constitutional cytogenetics, Illumina and Affy both are close to submitting approval packages to the US Food and Drug Administration, with Affy eyeing a first quarter 2013 date and Illumina pledging to have its offering cleared by the middle of next year. (genomeweb.com)
Routine4
- A routine karyotyping involves organizing the band into a karyogram of 23 pairs. (psychesystems.com)
- However, routine karyotyping is limited to identifying only approximately three megabases. (psychesystems.com)
- Routine karyotyping can identify genetic diseases such as Turner Syndrome and Down Syndrome. (psychesystems.com)
- One of the benefits of FISH is that it has a significantly higher resolution than routine karyotyping. (psychesystems.com)
Analysis3
- Creative Bioarray has performed many karyotyping (banded chromosome analysis) services for cell line authentication and some specific research. (creative-bioarray.com)
- Karyotype analysis was performed by the G-banding technique. (hindawi.com)
- Experience in Genomics and Cytogenetics, Bioinformatics and Statistical analysis. (rgcb.res.in)
Tumor2
- Single-cell karyotype sequencing confirmed heterogeneity of copy number alterations in tumor PDOs and showed that monoclonal lines evolved novel karyotypes over time in vitro. (nature.com)
- Fig. 6: In vitro karyotype evolution of tumor PDO 16T. (nature.com)
Diagnostic2
- FISH is a commonly used diagnostic tool in cytogenetics. (psychesystems.com)
- The overall aim of this project was to develop the technique of chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS) hybridization using whole chromosome specific libraries (chromosome painting) and to apply it to the investigation of diagnostic problems in clinical cytogenetics. (gla.ac.uk)
Situ1
- We described the karyotypes of Dendropsophus seniculus (Cope, 1868), D. soaresi (Caramaschi & Jim, 1983) and D. novaisi (Bokermann, 1968) based on Giemsa staining, C-banding, silver impregnation and in situ hybridization with telomeric probes. (pensoft.net)
Initially1
- Chromosomal conditions such as Down syndrome, where an individual has an extra copy of chromosome 21, were initially discovered through karyotyping. (ashg.org)
Diagnostics1
- Overall, molecular cytogenetics is far from being outdated and actively involved in up-to-date diagnostics and research. (frontiersin.org)
Turner Syndrome2
- In patients with abnormal karyotype ( n = 3), 1 had trisomy 18 (47,XX) and died after 3 months and 2 had different types of mosaic Turner syndrome. (who.int)
- Fertility preservation in Turner Syndrome: karyotype doesn't predict ovarian response to stimulation. (cdc.gov)
Pathology1
- Perle MA, Stein CH. Applications of cytogenetics in modern pathology. (medlineplus.gov)
Normal4
- Chemotherapy may cause chromosome breaks that affect normal karyotyping results. (medlineplus.gov)
- Normal karyotypes (46, XX/46, XY) was found in 51% (n=103) patients. (scielo.br)
- Furthermore, the frequency of complex karyotype was 30 (15%), while normal was seen in 171 (85%) patients. (scielo.br)
- ERG overexpression in AML patients with normal cytogenetics predicts an adverse clinical outcome and seems to be associated with a specific molecular signature. (nih.gov)
Complex2
- And please note that for cancer cells and in any cases where very complex, unstable karyotypes are observed. (creative-bioarray.com)
- karyotype of 5 cases were highly complex. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Arrays2
- Further, arrays used for karyotyping may use non-polymorphic probes, polymorphic probes (i.e. (wikipedia.org)
- He added that arrays are used more widely in cytogenetics in the US than they are outside of the country. (genomeweb.com)
Techniques1
- Here are some of the techniques and methodology between cytogenetics and genetic diseases. (psychesystems.com)
Markers1
- The shared chromosome numbers and general similarity of the karyotypes (FN = 186-192) provide a new synapomorphy to support their monophyly, which is already indicated by anatomical and mtDNA markers. (sagepub.com)
Patients3
- At the Stem Cell Differentiation and Cytogenetics Group, we are interested in the effects of ionizing radiation on organs such as the brain, the heart, and the lung trying to elucidate the risks for patients treated with ionizing radiation as well as for astronauts, who are inevitably exposed to ionizing radiation on their missions into space. (gsi.de)
- In 46,XX karyotype patients ( n = 14), congenital adrenal hyperplasia and general malformation disorder were the most common causes of genital ambiguity, while in 46,XY karyotype patients ( n = 18), testosterone pathway biosynthetic defect was the most common cause even in conjunction with a generalized malformation disorder. (who.int)
- The karyotype was undetermined in 6 patients. (who.int)
Cells2
- Historically, karyotypes have been obtained by staining cells after they have been chemically arrested during cell division. (wikipedia.org)
- Despite the diversity of platforms, ultimately they all use genomic DNA from disrupted cells to recreate a high resolution karyotype in silico. (wikipedia.org)
Show1
- Fig. 2: MSI tumors show karyotype heterogeneity. (nature.com)
Suggests1
Technique1
Evolution1
- Karyotype evolution within the genus has been accompanied by chromosomal inversions and centromeric shifts. (sagepub.com)
Higher resolution1
- Virtual karyotypes have dramatically higher resolution than conventional cytogenetics. (wikipedia.org)
Consistent1
- The end product does not yet have a consistent name, and has been called virtual karyotyping, digital karyotyping, molecular allelokaryotyping, and molecular karyotyping. (wikipedia.org)