OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
CystineCystinosisCystine Knot MotifsAmino Acid Transport System y+CystinuriaCysteamineCysteineAmino Acids, SulfurFanconi SyndromeCyclotidesGlutathioneDisulfidesCystamineAmino Acid Transport Systems, NeutralAmino AcidsMethionineAmino Acid Transport Systems, BasicOldenlandiaCystine-Knot MiniproteinsCoprophagiaSulfhydryl CompoundsMaleatesEncyclopedias as TopicMercaptoethanolMedlinePlusDithiothreitol
AminoCysteineMethionineGlutamateDisulfideCrystalsGlutamicUrineAccumulation of cystineStonesDimethyl esterCystinosisCystinuriaRenalReabsorptionUrolithiasisProteinLysosomalMetabolismTransporterSignificantlyTissuePenicillamineOxidePatientsDiseaseProteinsIngredientsSupplementsTreatmentChemicalProductsLevelsRareHumanHigh
Amino16
  • Cystine is the oxidized derivative of the amino acid cysteine and has the formula (SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H)2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cystine is the disulfide derived from the amino acid cysteine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of cystine in urine is often indicative of amino acid reabsorption defects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cloning and chromosomal localization of a human kidney cDNA involved in cystine, dibasic, and neutral amino acid transport. (jci.org)
  • We have recently cloned, sequenced, and characterized a rat kidney cDNA (D2) that stimulates cystine as well as dibasic and neutral amino acid transport. (jci.org)
  • Microinjection of in vitro transcribed D2H cRNA into Xenopus oocytes induced uptake of cystine as well as dibasic and neutral amino acids in a pattern similar to that of rat D2 and rabbit rBAT. (jci.org)
  • Both neutral and dibasic amino acids inhibited the D2H-induced uptake of cystine. (jci.org)
  • Despite the morbidity associated with cystine urolithiasis treatments for cystinuria have not substantially changed in the past 30 years7 8 At the molecular level cystinuria is usually characterized by defective transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids in the kidney and small intestine7-9. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Cystine is an amino acid that offers potential hydration and skin barrier benefits. (paulaschoice.co.uk)
  • L-Cystine is an amino acid that supports the heart and contributes to a calm sense of well-being. (bulksupplements.com)
  • Cystinuria is an autosomal-recessive defect in reabsorptive transport of cystine and the dibasic amino acids ornithine, arginine, and lysine from the luminal fluid of the renal proximal tubule and small intestine. (medscape.com)
  • In 1993, Lee et al cloned a human complementary DNA, rBAT (renal basic amino acid transporter) in chromosome 2, encoding a transport protein for cystine and dibasic amino acids. (medscape.com)
  • The high-affinity system mediates uptake of 10% of L-cystine and the dibasic amino acids at the apical membrane of the straight third segment (S3) of the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)
  • Cystinuria is an inborn error of metabolism(autosomal recessive disease) resulting from poor absorption and reabsorption of the amino acid cystine in the intestines and kidneys. (blallab.com)
  • L-Cystine is one of the important products the amino acid series. (huakangsw.com)
  • Cystinosis is a rare, inherited disorder that affects the body's ability to process an amino acid called cystine. (medicinenet.com)
Cysteine16
  • The great majority of the literature concerns the l,l-cystine, derived from l-cysteine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typical thiols for this reaction are mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol: (SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H)2 + 2 RSH → 2 HSCH2CH(NH2)CO2H + RSSR Because of the facility of the thiol-disulfide exchange, the nutritional benefits and sources of cystine are identical to those for the more-common cysteine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cystine is quickly reduced to cysteine. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Cysteine is more easily absorbed by the body than cystine, so most supplements contain cysteine rather than cystine. (wikipedia.org)
  • N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is better absorbed than other cysteine or cystine supplements. (wikipedia.org)
  • It converts cystine to cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulfides and reduces corneal cystine crystal accumulation. (medscape.com)
  • Cystine is the oxidized disulfide form of cysteine (Cys) and is the predominant form of cysteine in the blood due to its greater relative stability. (healthmatters.io)
  • Converted to cysteine (reduced cystine) via a B2 and copper-dependent step. (healthmatters.io)
  • In 1954, while studying skin sensitivity to penicillin and its derivatives, Tabachnick et al noted that one of the degradation products of penicillin, penicillamine, reacted with cystine to form a mixed disulfide, penicillamine cysteine. (medscape.com)
  • After absorption, each molecule of cystine is intracellularly converted to 2 molecules of cysteine. (medscape.com)
  • DMEM:F12, 1:1 Mix without L-Cystine, without L-Cysteine hydrochloride, without L-Methionine, with Glucose with 4.7g/L NaHCO3, sterile filtered solution for cell culture. (genaxxon.com)
  • Specification: with L-Glutamine without L-Cystine without L-Cysteine x HCl without Methionine. (genaxxon.com)
  • Here you will find information and further literature on DMEM:F12, 1:1 Mix w/o L-Cystine, w/o L-Cysteine hydrochloride, w/o L-Methionine, with Glucose. (genaxxon.com)
  • Cells were cultured + cystine for 16 hour's at 37C and 5% CO2, or used immediately to determine GSH-reductase activity (GSH-R). Determination of cysteine and GSH levels in MBB-strained cells and derivitized culture supernatant was achieved via reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (cdc.gov)
  • Both AM and LNC showed enhanced levels of cysteine when incubated with cystine. (cdc.gov)
  • DEP was found to interact directly with cystine, cysteine, and to a lesser extent with GSH. (cdc.gov)
Methionine1
  • Supplementation of cystine along with antioxidant nutrients, Nacetylcysteine, or cofactors involved in methionine metabolism may be beneficial. (healthmatters.io)
Glutamate7
  • Cystine serves as a substrate for the cystine-glutamate antiporter. (wikipedia.org)
  • This transport system, which is highly specific for cystine and glutamate, increases the concentration of cystine inside the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this system, the anionic form of cystine is transported in exchange for glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cystine increased glutamate efflux and decreased miniature EPSC (mEPSC) and spontaneous EPSC (sEPSC) frequency as well as evoked EPSC amplitude. (jneurosci.org)
  • Along these lines, our present goal was to evaluate the effect(s) of the fumarate ester and antipsoriatic agent monomethylfumarate (MMF) on the expression and functional activity of the cystine/glutamate exchanger SLC7A11 (system x c - ), a transport system critical to potentiation of antioxidant signaling in retina. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We have previously demonstrated that glutamate (Glu) suppresses cellular proliferation toward self-renewal through a mechanism associated with the depletion of intracellular GSH after promoting the retrograde operation of the bidirectional cystine/Glu antiporter in undifferentiated osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results suggest that Runx2 expression would be negatively regulated by the cystine/glutamate antiporter expressed by osteoblastic cells at the level of gene transactivation. (elsevierpure.com)
Disulfide2
  • The conversion can be viewed as an oxidation: 2 HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH + 0.5 O2 → (HO2CCH(NH2)CH2S)2 + H2O Cystine contains a disulfide bond, two amine groups, and two carboxylic acid groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a weak base that enters the cystinotic lysosome and reacts with cystine, forming a mixed disulfide of half-cystine and cysteamine. (medscape.com)
Crystals7
  • In humans the excretion of high levels of cystine crystals can be indicative of cystinosis, a rare genetic disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • SEM analysis of cystine stones from your CDME group exhibited a change in crystal habit with numerous small crystals. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • In addition to the oral product that is available, an ophthalmic product was approved by the FDA in October 2012 to decrease corneal cystine crystals, which develop with nephropathic cystinosis. (medscape.com)
  • Electron microscopic picture showing cystine crystals. (medscape.com)
  • Cystine crystals can accumulate in cells throughout your body, including your eyes. (medicinenet.com)
  • Cystine crystals can form in people with a rare inherited disorder called cystinosis. (medicinenet.com)
  • Using two smartphones to look for corneal cystine crystals. (cdc.gov)
Glutamic1
  • Anti Mouse Cystine/Glutamic acid transp. (caslab.com)
Urine4
  • Overall cystine excretion in PAC-1 urine was the same between the two groups (p = 0.23) indicating that CDME did not interfere with cystine metabolism. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Only 0.4% of the filtered cystine appears in the urine. (medscape.com)
  • Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar is a type of differential medium generally used for isolation and enumeration of bacteria from urine specimen form patients suspected of urinary tract infection. (microbesinfo.com)
  • Conversely, uric acid and cystine calculi are associated with acidic urine (although pH is more important for treatment than formation of cystine stones). (medscape.com)
Accumulation of cystine3
  • The delayed-release capsule (Procysbi) allows twice daily dosing (ie, q12h), whereas the immediate-release capsule (Cystagon) has to be administered every 6 hours, including throughout the night, to prevent nocturnal accumulation of cystine. (medscape.com)
  • The accumulation of cystine can cause various serious health problems. (medicinenet.com)
  • The most severe form of cystinosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of cystine in the kidneys and other organs. (medicinenet.com)
Stones10
  • Cystine stones account for about 1-2% of kidney stone disease in adults. (wikipedia.org)
  • After cystine stones have been dissolved, a prevention protocol can be instituted. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Conclusions These data demonstrate that CDME promotes formation of small stones but does not prevent stone formation consistent with the hypothesis that CDME inhibits cystine crystal growth. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Stone formation secondary to cystinuria often presents in the first decade of life and the majority of patients have their first stone by the end of their teenage years4 5 Although rare cystine stones can lead to serious effects for patients because they are large and tend to recur often resulting in multiple treatments and progressive decline in renal function in pediatric and adult patients3-5. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Patients with cystine stones have a greater incidence of chronic kidney PAC-1 disease than patients suffering from the more common calcium oxalate stones6. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Cystine stones form in people who have an inherited condition called cystinuria . (healthline.com)
  • Among those with current stones, cystine patients scored lower than noncystine patients for total score and in two of four domains. (psu.edu)
  • Conclusions: Using a stone-specific questionnaire, patients with cystine stones have lower HRQOL compared with noncystine stone formers. (psu.edu)
  • Identifying and addressing specific areas of decrement in patients with cystine stones may improve disease management and patients' HRQOL. (psu.edu)
  • About 85% of the stones are composed of calcium, and the remainder are composed of various substances, including uric acid, cystine, or struvite. (msdmanuals.com)
Dimethyl ester1
  • Objective To assess the effectiveness of L-cystine dimethyl ester (CDME) an inhibitor of cystine crystal growth for the treatment of cystine urolithiasis in a knockout mouse model of cystinuria. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Cystinosis3
  • Used as a cystine-depleting agent in cystinosis. (medscape.com)
  • Cysteamine ophthalmic is a cystine-depleting agent indicated for corneal cystine crystal accumulation in patients with cystinosis. (medscape.com)
  • Cystinosis is treated with medications that help remove excess cystine from the body and prevent kidney damage. (medicinenet.com)
Cystinuria2
  • Cystinuria, with subsequent cystine urolith formation, results from a breed-related inherited disorder of renal tubular transport in dogs. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The only phenotypic manifestation of cystinuria is cystine urolithiasis, which often recurs throughout an affected individual's lifetime. (medscape.com)
Renal1
  • Dissolution of bilateral staghorn cystine renal calculi. (bmj.com)
Reabsorption1
  • Low-affinity system: This system is present in the S1-S2 part of the proximal tubule and is responsible for 90% of L-cystine reabsorption. (medscape.com)
Urolithiasis1
  • Combined with the lack of observed adverse effects our findings cIAP2 support the use of CDME as a viable treatment for cystine urolithiasis. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Protein5
  • In 1899, cystine was first isolated from protein (horn tissue) by the Swedish chemist Karl A. H. Mörner (1855-1917). (wikipedia.org)
  • 1 nmol/half-cystine/mg protein measured 5-6 h following administration of cysteamine. (medscape.com)
  • Cystine is believed to play a role in protein synthesis, supports the heart, cardiovascular health, and lungs. (bulksupplements.com)
  • This gene encodes a seven-transmembrane domain protein that functions to transport cystine out of lysosomes. (nih.gov)
  • Cystine is a protein-building block found in all cells of the body. (medicinenet.com)
Lysosomal1
  • The directed movement of L-cystine from the lysosomal lumen across the lysosomal membrane and into the cytosol. (planteome.org)
Metabolism1
  • High levels might be due to excessive dietary intake or impaired cystine metabolism. (healthmatters.io)
Transporter1
  • The gene that codes for the cystine transporter, initially termed rBAT, is now known as SLC3A1 (SLC for solute carrier) in the international Genome Database. (medscape.com)
Significantly2
  • Results: Cystine patients had significantly lower total WISQOL scores than noncystine patients. (psu.edu)
  • On specific items, cystine patients reported significantly more sleep problems (p = 0.02), more bother with nocturia (p = 0.03), and feeling tired or fatigued (p = 0.02). (psu.edu)
Tissue2
  • Physiological levels of cystine (100-300 n m ) were restored to acute tissue slices from the nucleus accumbens or prefrontal cortex. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cystine is a major component of tissue antioxidant mechanisms. (healthmatters.io)
Penicillamine1
Oxide1
  • [ 5 ] Berzelius recognized that the compound was not an oxide, and he named it cystine because the material originated from the bladder. (medscape.com)
Patients1
  • We assessed the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of cystine stone-forming patients using the disease-specific Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life questionnaire (WISQOL). (psu.edu)
Disease1
  • Compared with noncystine stone formers, cystine stone formers also had lower HRQOL scores for subscales (domains) related to social impact, emotional impact, disease impact, and vitality (p ≤ 0.04 for all). (psu.edu)
Proteins2
  • As a residue in proteins, cystine serves two functions: a site of redox reactions and a mechanical linkage that allows proteins to retain their three-dimensional structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • In cell biology, cystine residues (found in proteins) only exist in non-reductive (oxidative) organelles, such as the secretory pathway (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles) and extracellular spaces (e.g., extracellular matrix). (wikipedia.org)
Ingredients1
  • There are of course other ingredients, but cystine is the key player. (greatist.com)
Supplements1
  • Here's a few supplements available through Amazon that contain cystine. (careomnia.com)
Treatment2
  • Nexxus VitaTress Cystine Treatment 3.3 oz Body building conditioning, structurizer for fine, fragile, thinning hair. (overstock-beauty.com)
  • After the cystine solution is washed out, your stylist will apply some conditioning treatment. (greatist.com)
Chemical1
  • The chemical structure of cystine was determined by synthesis in 1903 by the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer. (wikipedia.org)
Products4
  • Cystine is common in many foods such as eggs, meat, dairy products, and whole grains as well as skin, horns and hair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Below we list 100 Beef Products with cystine. (careomnia.com)
  • We recommend you also check out our top ranked list of all foods with cystine or take a look at what other foods there are in Beef Products . (careomnia.com)
  • Cystine is some hardcore sh*t when it comes to hair products, and the structural changes it makes in your hair are permanent (until the treated hair grows out). (greatist.com)
Levels1
  • Intracellular GSH levels in LNC were decreased in the DEP exposed cells cultured with or without cystine. (cdc.gov)
Rare1
  • Conclusion : La lithiase submandibulaire bilatérale est un fait clinique rare mais qu'il faut savoir rechercher même en cas de lithiase submandibulaire isolée. (bvsalud.org)
Human1
  • Human hair and skin contain approximately 10-14% cystine by mass. (wikipedia.org)
High1