Common bileCholecystectomyCholelithiasisAcuteObstructionResectionBile ductAcalculous cholecystitisInflammationBilirubinUltrasoundCholedocholithiasisAscending cholangitisRight upper quUmbilical Hernia RepairLiverComplicationsPancreatitisEmpyemaAbdominal painStonesLaparoscopyCholesterolPeritonealPerforationCholecystectomiesComplicationObstructive jaundiceMechanicalAdultsSurgeryPatient'sTemporarilyCholangiocarcinomaDiabetesDiseaseOccursColonAdultMassSymptomsSurgicalBowelIncludeFoundProcedures
Common bile6
- Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase are usually suggestive of liver disease whereas elevation of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase suggests common bile duct obstruction. (wikipedia.org)
- Biliary pain is most frequently caused by obstruction of the common bile duct or the cystic duct by a gallstone. (wikipedia.org)
- [1] Complications of acute cholecystitis include gallstone pancreatitis , common bile duct stones , or inflammation of the common bile duct . (wikizero.com)
- [5] Stones in the common bile duct can be removed before surgery by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or during surgery. (wikizero.com)
- cystic duct Cystic duct The duct that is connected to the gallbladder and allows the emptying of bile into the common bile duct. (lecturio.com)
- The common bile duct is usually less than 6mm in size (it may be greater in the elderly and those who have had previous cholecystectomy), so any diameter larger than this suggests dilatation. (teachmesurgery.com)
Cholecystectomy8
- Furthermore, biliary pain may be associated with functional disorders of the biliary tract, so-called acalculous biliary pain (pain without stones), and can even be found in patients post-cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder), possibly as a consequence of dysfunction of the biliary tree and the sphincter of Oddi. (wikipedia.org)
- Complications from gallstone disease is 0.3% per year and therefore prophylactic cholecystectomy are rarely indicated unless part of a special population that includes porcelain gallbladder, individuals eligible for organ transplant, diabetics and those with sickle cell anemia. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, retained gallstones following laparoscopic cholecystectomy may cause biliary fistula or abdominal wall sinuses. (medscape.com)
- A laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the treatment of choice for gallbladder diseases. (hvt-journal.com)
- Since the performance of the 1st laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) by Prof. Dr. Med Erich Muhe of Boblengen, Germany in 1985, and later by Phillip Mouret in France, LC has become the standard treatment approach (5-8). (hvt-journal.com)
- Symptomatic cholelithiasis is managed with laparoscopic cholecystectomy . (amboss.com)
- Open cholecystectomy (attempted laparoscopic cholecystectomy). (mtsamples.com)
- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cholangiogram. (mtsamples.com)
Cholelithiasis5
- Biliary colic, also known as symptomatic cholelithiasis, a gallbladder attack or gallstone attack, is when a colic (sudden pain) occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the cystic duct. (wikipedia.org)
- Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs most commonly because of the presence of stones in the gallbladder or an obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones arising from the gallbladder (cholelithiasis). (medscape.com)
- Inclusion criteria: the consenting patients of all ages and both sexes with symptomatic cholelithiasis planned for LC. (hvt-journal.com)
- Cholecystitis is one of the most common complications of cholelithiasis (calculous cholecystitis) but inflammation without gallstones (acalculous cholecystitis) can occur in a minority of patients. (lecturio.com)
- Cholelithiasis refers to the presence of abnormal concretions ( gallstones ) in the gallbladder . (amboss.com)
Acute7
- citation needed] The presence of gallstones can lead to inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) or the biliary tree (cholangitis) or acute inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). (wikipedia.org)
- CT scanning with intravenous (IV) contrast medium is useful in diagnosing acute cholecystitis in patients with nonspecific abdominal pain. (medscape.com)
- Gall stone disease presents a spectrum of pathology, ranging from asymptomatic gall stones, to acute cholecystitis and ascending cholangitis. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- Isolated rebound tenderness in the RUQ reflects localised peritoneal irritation secondary to leakage of inflammatory fluid (acute cholecystitis) or gall bladder contents (gall bladder perforation contained locally within the omentum). (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- [1] Often gallbladder attacks (biliary colic) precede acute cholecystitis. (wikizero.com)
- More than 90% of the time acute cholecystitis is caused from blockage of the cystic duct by a gallstone . (wikizero.com)
- Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder (GB) usually caused by the obstruction of the cystic duct (acute cholecystitis). (lecturio.com)
Obstruction2
- In the presence of obstruction, the gallbladder distends and the pressure within rises, impairing the vascular supply. (medscape.com)
- [ 5 ] Carcinoma of the gallbladder can cause cystic duct obstruction, which leads to inflammation in a manner similar to that of gallstones. (medscape.com)
Resection3
- Laparoscopic resection of cecal polyp. (mtsamples.com)
- A prospectively maintained medical database of patients who required a liver resection was used for analysis. (fortunejournals.com)
- A multimodal therapeutical approach introducing state-of-the-art intraoperative visualization techniques [2,3] and advanced resection strategies [4] may furthermore increase the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic liver resections. (fortunejournals.com)
Bile duct3
- If the bile duct does become completely or partially obstructed, the patient will also develop pale stools and dark urine (since bilirubin can no longer pass into the gut in the normal way). (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- Pancreatic and bile duct tumours may alter the surrounding vessels in several ways. (docksci.com)
- An ultrasound scan of the biliary tract will show bile duct dilation . (teachmesurgery.com)
Acalculous cholecystitis2
- This condition is invariably a complication of neglected gallstone disease, though isolated case reports have described spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula due to carcinoma of the gallbladder and acalculous cholecystitis . (medscape.com)
- Patients with acalculous cholecystitis may present with fever and sepsis alone, without the history of pain. (medscape.com)
Inflammation3
- About 15% of people with biliary colic eventually develop inflammation of the gallbladder if not treated. (wikipedia.org)
- The fistula usually occurs via the fundus of the gallbladder, as this is the farthest from the cystic artery and most likely to be affected in inflammation-caused ischemia. (medscape.com)
- Mechanical irritation by gallstones can also produce chronic GB inflammation. (lecturio.com)
Bilirubin2
- Most gallstones are cholesterol stones, while the rest are composed of bilirubin (pigment stones) and other mixed components. (lecturio.com)
- Routine bloods should be taken, especially FBC ( leucocytosis is found in the vast majority of patients) and LFTs (showing a raised ALP ± GGT with a raised bilirubin ). (teachmesurgery.com)
Ultrasound3
- The gold standard imaging modality for the presence of gallstones is ultrasound of the right upper quadrant. (wikipedia.org)
- Ultrasound of the abdomen showed gallbladder sludge and gallbladder findings consistent with adenomyomatosis. (mtsamples.com)
- Ultrasound imaging may also demonstrate the presence an underlying cause (e.g. gallstones). (teachmesurgery.com)
Choledocholithiasis1
- patients having choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, biliary fistula and surgical jaundice. (hvt-journal.com)
Ascending cholangitis1
- Surgical treatment choices are based on the patient's clinical condition: less radical surgical procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are done emergently in sick patients with ascending cholangitis or gall stone pancreatitis. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
Right upper qu2
- Patients are commonly asymptomatic but may present with biliary colic (intermittent pain in the right upper quadrant). (lecturio.com)
- Patient status post gastric bypass surgery, developed nausea and right upper quadrant pain. (mtsamples.com)
Umbilical Hernia Repair1
- Laparoscopic hand-assisted left adrenalectomy and umbilical hernia repair. (mtsamples.com)
Liver8
- [1] Risk factors for gallstones include birth control pills , pregnancy , a family history of gallstones, obesity , diabetes , liver disease , or rapid weight loss . (wikizero.com)
- The gallbladder is an organ located underneath the liver in the upper right part of the belly just below the ribcage. (apsapedsurg.org)
- The liver makes bile and gallbladder normally stores bile. (apsapedsurg.org)
- Specialty that treats diseases and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus, stomach and intestinal tract as well as diseases of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. (mtsamples.com)
- The patient is noted to have an increase in her liver function tests on routine blood work. (mtsamples.com)
- A total of n=156 patients were divided into a group of n=47 patients (30.1%) receiving laparoscopic (LLR) and n=109 patients (69.9%) undergoing open liver resections (OLR). (fortunejournals.com)
- The introduction of different transection techniques in laparoscopic liver resections did not increase morbidity and BL- rate. (fortunejournals.com)
- The initial experience with laparoscopic liver surgery demonstrated that even major resections could be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality, in a selected group of patients and in specialized centers. (fortunejournals.com)
Complications2
- Patients that have gallstones and biliary colic are at increased risk for complications, including cholecystitis. (wikipedia.org)
- This condition can present as a mild condition or as a severe disease (with complications such as gallbladder gangrene, perforation, empyema) which require emergent intervention. (lecturio.com)
Pancreatitis3
- gallstone disease is the major cause of pancreatitis. (wikipedia.org)
- They may have epigastric and/or RUQ tenderness, or diffuse abdominal tenderness (more likely to be gall stone pancreatitis). (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- Gallstone pancreatitis. (mtsamples.com)
Empyema1
- This communication can be either spontaneous (often a complication of neglected gallstone disease) or deliberate (as in the case of a therapeutic percutaneous cholecystostomy used to treat cholecystitis or empyema of the gallbladder, which is generally reserved for patients unfit for surgical intervention). (medscape.com)
Abdominal pain2
- The patient presented to the emergency room last evening with approximately 7- to 8-day history of abdominal pain which has been persistent. (mtsamples.com)
- The patient is a very pleasant 72-year-old female with previous history of hypertension and also recent diagnosis of C. diff, presents to the hospital with abdominal pain, cramping, and persistent diarrhea. (mtsamples.com)
Stones9
- Gallstone formation occurs from the precipitation of crystals that aggregate to form stones. (wikipedia.org)
- Gall bladder disease (specifically gall stones) is the most common abdominal complaint causing hospital admission in the developed world. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- In the UK, 5.5 million people have gall stones and 50 000 cholecystectomies are performed each year. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- Gall stones are 2-3 times more common in women than in men at post-mortem. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- Gall stones are found in up to 20% of adult females. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- Gall stones are precipitates of bile that form in the gall bladder. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- 7 in 10 patients with gall stones are likely to be asymptomatic. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- White or mixed (pure or mainly cholesterol): 80% of UK gall stones occur when bile is super-saturated with cholesterol. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- There are many risk factors for the production of cholesterol gall stones, which points to why cholesterol gall stones are so common worldwide. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
Laparoscopy1
- Video laparoscopy revealed dense omental adhesions surrounding the gallbladder circumferentially. (mtsamples.com)
Cholesterol3
- The most common form is cholesterol gallstones. (wikipedia.org)
- Gallstones most commonly consist of cholesterol but may be pigmented (due to hemolysis or infection) or mixed. (amboss.com)
- Increased estrogen levels cause increased secretion of bile rich in cholesterol , (lithogenic bile ), which can result in the formation of cholesterol gallstones . (amboss.com)
Peritoneal2
- Generalised rigidity and peritonism is rare and reflects leakage of gall bladder contents from a gall bladder rupture into the peritoneal cavity. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- Laparoscopic appendectomy and peritoneal toilet and photos. (mtsamples.com)
Perforation2
- Before 1900, three large series were published in quick succession by Courvoisier in 1890 (169 of 499 cases of gallbladder perforation), Naunyn in 1896 (184 cases), and Bonnet in 1897 (122 cases). (medscape.com)
- Perforation of the gallbladder may occur, causing a localized cholecystic abscess. (medscape.com)
Cholecystectomies2
- The aim of this study is to analyze laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed by a single surgeon over 8 years at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre Pvt. (hvt-journal.com)
- Currently almost all cholecystectomies (about 90-93%) in developed countries are performed through laparoscopic surgery (9). (hvt-journal.com)
Complication1
- It may occur as a complication of burns or multiple trauma, and patients are very ill on presentation. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
Obstructive jaundice1
- 50 μmol/L). The patient may also complain of pruritus (itching), as a result of bile accumulation, and pale stool with dark urine, from the obstructive jaundice. (teachmesurgery.com)
Mechanical1
- Rarely, a gallstone can become impacted in the ileocecal valve that joins the caecum and the ileum, causing gallstone ileus (mechanical ileus). (wikipedia.org)
Adults3
- In the developed world, 10 to 15% of adults have gallstones. (wikipedia.org)
- About 10-15% of adults in the developed world have gallstones. (wikizero.com)
- About 10-20% of American adults have gallstones . (amboss.com)
Surgery5
- Treatment for gallbladder attacks is typically surgery to remove the gallbladder. (wikipedia.org)
- Surgery is not indicated in asymptomatic patients, except in some select groups (e.g. sickle cell disease). (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- [7] [10] Taking pictures of the bile ducts during the surgery is recommended. (wikizero.com)
- [4] In people unable to have surgery, gallbladder drainage may be tried. (wikizero.com)
- The American College of Surgeons and the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract in their most recent guidelines on the training of laparoscopic surgeons recommended that the surgery is to be performed by a qualified specialist with an appropriate course certificate (18). (hvt-journal.com)
Patient's2
- Biliary pain in the absence of gallstones, known as postcholecystectomy syndrome, may severely affect the patient's quality of life, even in the absence of disease progression. (wikipedia.org)
- The patient's past medical history may include gallstones , recent biliary tract instrumentation (i.e. (teachmesurgery.com)
Temporarily1
- [1] However, when a gallstone temporarily lodges in the cystic duct, they experience biliary colic . (wikizero.com)
Cholangiocarcinoma1
- The most common causes are gallstones , ERCP (iatrogenic), and cholangiocarcinoma . (teachmesurgery.com)
Diabetes1
- Hematemesis in a patient with longstanding diabetes. (mtsamples.com)
Disease3
- However, the presence of gallstones is a frequent incidental finding and does not always necessitate treatment, in the absence of identifiable disease. (wikipedia.org)
- The patient may be flushed, jaundiced, dehydrated, tachycardic and hypotensive, all depending on the stage of gall stone disease continuum. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
- The aim of this study is to analyze 7557 cases of LC and observe the changes of outcomes of LC for gallbladder (GB) disease over 8.9 years in our institution. (hvt-journal.com)
Occurs1
- Of those with gallstones, biliary colic occurs in 1 to 4% each year. (wikipedia.org)
Colon2
- In an attempt to discharge this abscess, a fistula may therefore form between the gallbladder and the duodenum, colon, or abdominal wall. (medscape.com)
- Because of the anatomy and position of the gallbladder, the gallbladder is more likely to adhere to neighboring viscera, such as the duodenum and colon, forming cholecystoduodenal fistula that predisposes to gallstone ileus or cholecystocolonic fistula. (medscape.com)
Adult1
- About 10-20% of adult population are diagnosed with gallstones (3). (hvt-journal.com)
Mass1
- Patient with a 5.5-cm diameter nonfunctioning mass in his right adrenal. (mtsamples.com)
Symptoms1
- Most people with gallstones do not have symptoms. (wikizero.com)
Surgical2
- Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula is a rare condition that has become even rarer because of prompt diagnosis and expedient surgical intervention for gallstones. (medscape.com)
- β) Τον Ιανουάριο του 2002 και πάλι στο Hopital Cantonal του Fribourg της Ελβετίας ως επισκέπτης ιατρός και με συμμετοχή μου στο Advanced Course in Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication (15 points of the Swiss Surgical Society) (9-20 Ιανουαρίου 2002). (auth.gr)
Bowel1
- There may be a reduction in bowel sounds and distension due to a secondary ileus. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
Include2
- The primary functions of the gallbladder include concentrating and storing up to 50 mL of bile. (lecturio.com)
- Therefore, in conclusion, it is probably not unreasonable to include the advice of refraining from the cooking of food for optimal gallbladder distension prior to cholecystosonography. (docksci.com)
Found2
- Archaeologists have found gallstones in the body of a young woman who lived as early as 2000 years ago. (hvt-journal.com)
- B Banerjee and I Brett Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Tameside General Hospital, Fountain Street, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire Over a period of several years it has been noticed that in a number of patients undergoing cholecystosonography, as in outpatient procedures, the gallbladder was found to be contracted although otherwise appeared normal. (docksci.com)
Procedures1
- Admitting hospitals are where the provider is credentialed to see patients, perform procedures, and send patients for continuous care. (healthline.com)