Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors. Medical search. Frequent questions

COX-2 inhibitors appear to work as well as nonselective NSAIDs, such as aspirin. (wikipedia.org)
NSAIDs act by reducing prostaglandin biosynthesis through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) which exists as two isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2). (nih.gov)
NSAID-induced gastrointestinal toxicity is generally believed to occur through blockade of COX-1 activity, whereas the anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs are thought to occur primarily through inhibition of the inducible isoform, COX-2. (nih.gov)
Drugs that selectively inhibit COX-2 might, therefore, be expected to produce effects on renal function similar to nonselective NSAIDs which inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2. (nih.gov)
This assertion is borne out by recent clinical studies showing that the COX-2 inhibitors rofecoxib and celecoxib procedure qualitative changes in urinary prostaglandin excretion, glomerular filtration rate, sodium retention, and their consequences similar to nonselective NSAIDs. (nih.gov)
It, therefore, seems unlikely that these COX-2 inhibitors (and perhaps their successors) will offer renal safety benefits over nonselective NSAID therapies, and, at this juncture, it is reasonable to assume that all NSAIDs, including COX-2-selective inhibitors, share a similar risk for adverse renal effects. (nih.gov)
Except for the COX-2 NSAIDs, most have similar adverse effect profiles, and most have the same effect on prostaglandins. (medscape.com)
Although increased cost can be a negative factor, the incidence of costly and potentially fatal GI bleeds is clearly less with COX-2 inhibitors than with traditional NSAIDs. (medscape.com)
NSAIDS with preferential cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitions have been developed. (gpnotebook.com)
This week Therapeutics initative podcast deals with NSAIDS: NSAIDS: Considering the Risks and Benefits (Therapeutics Initiative Podcast - December 10th) In our 33rd episode we follow-up our discussion of osteoarthritis by examining the risks and benefits of oral anti-inflammatories including Cox-2 inhibitors. (pharmacologycorner.com)
COX-2 Inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) that treat inflammatory pain. (everydayhealth.com)
We sought to determine whether NSAIDs that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 also elevate serum lithium concentrations. (czeek.com)
The authors reported: "One possible interpretation of the present data is that the increased awareness of the serious side effects of coxibs [COX-2 inhibitors] after the withdrawal of rofecoxib and the warnings issued for NSAIDs [non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs] as a class of drugs have led to precautions of their use in patients with, or with risk factors for, coronary and cerebrovascular disease. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)
This risk of atrial fibrillation was also associated with traditional non-COX-2 inhibitors, non-aspirin NSAIDs and oral steroids. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), a class of drugs, reduces inflammation, pain and even fevers by inhibiting specific enzymes called cyclooxygenases. (myhomeworkhelp.org)
Additionally, COX-2 inhibitors - such as celecoxib - have been developed in order to reduce gastrointestinal side effects associated with traditional NSAIDs. (myhomeworkhelp.org)
Celecoxib is in a class of NSAIDs called COX-2 inhibitors. (medlineplus.gov)
In the 1990's, NSAIDs that specifically inhibited COX-2 were introduced in the market to minimize gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with common NSAIDs. (bvsalud.org)
Patients refusing to discontinue treatment with NSAIDs or cox-2 inhibitors during the follow-up period. (who.int)

Targeting selectivity for COX-2 reduces the risk of peptic ulceration and is the main feature of celecoxib, rofecoxib, and other members of this drug class. (wikipedia.org)
The inhibition of COX-2 is paramount for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic function of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. (wikipedia.org)
In recent years, several additional intracellular components (besides COX-2) were discovered that appear to be important for mediating the anticancer effects of celecoxib in the absence of COX-2. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, a recent study with various malignant tumor cells showed that celecoxib could inhibit the growth of these cells, even though some of these cancer cells didn't even contain COX-2. (wikipedia.org)
Additional support for the idea that other targets besides COX-2 are important for celecoxib's anticancer effects has come from studies with chemically modified versions of celecoxib. (wikipedia.org)
One of these compounds, 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib, which entirely lacks the ability to inhibit COX-2, actually turned out to display stronger anticancer activity than celecoxib itself and this anticancer effect could also be verified in highly drug-resistant tumor cells and in various animal tumor models. (wikipedia.org)
In pain-management of LBP, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and specific cyclooxygenase-2 blocker, like celecoxib, are often prescribed for an oral use and have many side effects. (aofoundation.org)
Treating Discogenic Pain by Reducing Dorsal Root Ganglion Cell Sensitization using the COX-2 Inhibitor Celecoxib - An in vitro Study with Inflammatory Cytokine Treated Annulus Fibrosus Cells. (aofoundation.org)
Häckel S, Häne S, Eglauf J, Ma J, Pfannkuche J, Hoppe S, Albers C, Grad S. Die modulierende Wirkung des Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Celecoxib auf diskogenen Schmerz - eine in vitro Studie mit humanen Annulus fibrosus Zellen. (aofoundation.org)
Etoricoxib and celecoxib belong to the group of specific COX-2 inhibitors. (trc-p.nl)
Results obtained demonstrated that most of alkanesulfonamide derivatives displayed a COX-2 preferential inhibition with selectivity ratio values (IC(50)(COX-1)/IC(50)(COX-2)) up to 7.92 (celecoxib displaying a ratio value of 7.46 in the same test). (unamur.be)
On the other hand, trifluoromethanesulfonamide derivatives displayed weaker selectivity ratios although they exhibited IC(50) values against COX-2 up to 0.09 microM (celecoxib IC(50) against COX-2: 0.35 microM). (unamur.be)
Flavocoxid and celecoxib also reduced malondialdheyde, 6-keto PGF1α and PGE-2 levels while flavocoxid and zileuton decreased LTB-4 levels. (unime.it)
Lithium interaction with the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors rofecoxib and celecoxib and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (czeek.com)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database was searched in January 2003 for reports of interactions between lithium and rofecoxib or celecoxib, the selective COX-2 inhibitors marketed in the United States. (czeek.com)
Eighteen cases of increased serum lithium concentrations after the addition of one of the COX-2 inhibitors to stable lithium therapy were retrieved from AERS, 13 with rofecoxib and 5 with celecoxib. (czeek.com)
Celecoxib is also used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (a type of arthritis that affects children) in children 2 years of age and older. (medlineplus.gov)

However, with regard to this drug's promise for the therapy of advanced cancers, it is unclear whether the inhibition of COX-2 plays a dominant role, and this has become a controversial and intensely researched issue. (wikipedia.org)
However, when the ability of all these compounds to kill tumor cells in cell culture was investigated, it turned out that the antitumor potency did not at all depend on whether or not the respective compound could inhibit COX-2, showing that inhibition of COX-2 was not required for the anticancer effects. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition of COX-1 may contribute to NSAID GI toxicity. (medscape.com)
The pan caspase inhibitor Q VD OPh even more enhances DCS induced differentiation of 40AF cells by inhibition of HPK1 cleavage. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
All intervention groups were characterized by reduced vascular permeability compared to the OHSS group, which in the groups of Verapamil (Calcium inhibition) and Parecoxib + Verapamil (COX-2 + Calcium inhibition) presented significant statistical difference. (nih.gov)
The Verapamil group showed the lowest corpus luteum formation, while the Parecoxib (COX-2 inhibition), the Parecoxib + Verapamil (COX-2 + Calcium inhibition), the Bevacizumab + Parecoxib (VEGF + COX-2 inhibition) and the Bevacizumab + Verapamil (VEGF + Calcium inhibition) groups were also characterized by lower corpus luteum numbers compared to the OHSS group. (nih.gov)
Bäck et al wrote: "In the later context, prostacyclin, which represents one major COX-2 derived prostaglandin, was demonstrated to act as an endogenous antiarrhythmic through direct inhibition of epicardial sympathetic nerve activity. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)
They added: "Nervertheless, coxibs may in addition induce direct on ion channels and intracellular signalling pathways, which are unrelated to their COX-2 inhibition. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)
Studies suggest that inhibition of COX-2, which occurs with both nonselective COX inhibitors and coxibs, has a prothrombotic effect that can increase risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and claudication. (msdmanuals.com)
Dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and soluble epoxide hydrolase synergistically suppresses primary tumor growth and metastasis. (cdc.gov)
Using pharmacological inhibitors as probes, we show here that dual inhibition of COX-2 and sEH synergistically inhibits primary tumor growth and metastasis by suppressing tumor angiogenesis. (cdc.gov)
COX-2/sEH dual pharmacological inhibitors also potently suppress primary tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis via selective inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation. (cdc.gov)
These results demonstrate a critical interaction of these two lipid metabolism pathways on tumorigenesis and suggest dual inhibition of COX-2 and sEH as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. (cdc.gov)

COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that directly target cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain. (wikipedia.org)

PHILADELPHIA-- Nimesulide, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, delays the progression of precancerous pancreatic lesions in mice, according to researchers at David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. (eurekalert.org)
Their analyses revealed that the nimesulide diet greatly reduced the number of late-stage PanINs in KrasG12D (10 percent of pancreatic ducts had PanIN-2 or -3 in KrasG12D mice on nimesulide diet versus 40 percent of pancreatic ducts had PanIN-2 or -3 in KrasG12D mice on normal diet). (eurekalert.org)
In the future, Dr. Eibl and others plan to study the long-term effects of nimesulide and additional COX-2 inhibitors on the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer. (eurekalert.org)
In this study, we report the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of original pyridinic sulfonamides related to nimesulide, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) preferential inhibitor widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent. (unamur.be)
Previous studies suggest that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor nimesulide has a remarkable protective effect against different types of brain injury including ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Nimesulide (12 mg/kg) not only reduced infarct volume but also enhanced functional recovery when the first treatment was given up to 2 h after stroke. (biomedcentral.com)
These data show that nimesulide protects against permanent focal cerebral ischemia, even with a 2 h post-treatment delay. (biomedcentral.com)
Nimesulide (N-(4-nitro-2-phenoxyphenyl)-methanesulfonamide) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with potent effects. (biomedcentral.com)

However, with additional studies, we may find COX-2 inhibitors could help prevent pancreatic cancer in high risk populations. (eurekalert.org)
Ongoing analysis of cost avoidance of GI bleeds will further define the populations that will find COX-2 inhibitors the most beneficial. (medscape.com)

evidence suggests that selective COX-2 inhibitors, as a class, may cause an increased risk of thrombotic events (e.g. (gpnotebook.com)
Clinicians should consider NSAID use in the differential diagnosis of lithium toxicity, monitor patients' serum lithium concentrations during the initiation or discontinuation of NSAID therapy, and be aware that the selective COX-2 inhibitors can increase serum lithium concentrations leading to toxicity. (czeek.com)

At therapeutic concentrations, COX-1 isoenzyme is not inhibited, thus GI toxicity may be decreased. (medscape.com)
However they may still inhibit COX-1 at therapeutic doses (1). (gpnotebook.com)
The authors hypothesized, on the basis of previous studies, that COX-2 might be a potential therapeutic target. (medscape.com)
These findings have important implications for the therapeutic potential of using COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of stroke. (biomedcentral.com)
These data suggest that compounds VA441 and VA428, along with their role in inhibiting COX-2 and inflammation, could have a possible therapeutic (topical and systemic) use against skin proliferative disorders, such as psoriasis. (edu.au)

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) inhibits COX-2 almost exclusively within the brain and only minimally in the rest of the body, although it is not considered an NSAID, since it has only minor anti-inflammatory activity. (wikipedia.org)

COX-2 is considered an inducible isoenzyme, induced during pain and inflammatory stimuli. (medscape.com)
COX-2 is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to downstream prostaglandins involved in inflammation and vascular homeostasis. (cancer-research-network.com)
Moreover, protein expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were investigated using Western blot analysis. (ac.ir)
Inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression fromartemisia iwayomogi. (ac.ir)
11. Emami SA, Taghizadeh Rabe SZ, Iranshahi M, Ahi A, Mahmoudi M. Sesquiterpene lactone fraction from Artemisia khorassanica inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression through the inactivation of NF-κB. (ac.ir)

While inflammation has been shown to be a factor in many forms of cancer, the researchers say this is the first study to demonstrate the effect of an anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitor on the development of pancreatic cancer. (eurekalert.org)
The global " non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs " market is set to gain momentum from the ever-increasing research activities by several prominent pharmaceutical companies on selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors as they are still a grey area for these companies. (medgadget.com)
Tough, Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs such as ibuprofen and diclofenac are nowadays used to hinder the activity of COX, but they have undesirable effect. (medgadget.com)
Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? (bmj.com)
Describe The Use Of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors, Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, And Corticosteroids For Bone And Joint Inflammation. (myhomeworkhelp.org)
Carbasalate calcium is an analgesic , antipyretic , and anti-inflammatory drug, [1] as well as a platelet aggregation inhibitor . (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two COX-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on pain control after open flap debridement. (bvsalud.org)

They inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and thus decrease production of prostaglandins. (msdmanuals.com)

They found that after the risk of cardiovascular events with COX-2 inhibitors was known, the use of COX-2 inhibitors did not significantly increase the risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, or heart failure. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)

What Are Aromatase Inhibitors? (everydayhealth.com)
Aromatase inhibitors are a class of drugs that reduce the production of estrogen in the body. (everydayhealth.com)
The efficacy of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), COX-2, calcium and aromatase inhibitors in an ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) rat model was tested. (nih.gov)

Meloxicam and etodolac inhibit COX-2 up to 50 times more than COX-1. (gpnotebook.com)
Meloxicam is not a specific COX-2 inhibitor, because it has at low doses also some COX-1 inhibitory effect. (trc-p.nl)
January 5, 2010 - Meloxicam ( Mobic ), a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor drug used for arthritis, has shown promise as a treatment for extraabdominal desmoid tumors, according to the results of a small pilot study. (medscape.com)

COX-2 inhibitors have been found to be effective in suppressing inflammatory neurodegenerative pathways, with beneficial results in animal studies for major depressive disorder, as well as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. (wikipedia.org)
Meanwhile, CAY10404 is a potent inhibitor of PKB/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in NSCLC cells. (cancer-research-network.com)
The pathogenesis of AIA has implicated both the lipoxygenase (LO) and the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways. (medscape.com)

Calculating the patient's baseline risk of cardiovascular disease may be wise, and COX-2 inhibitors should not be prescribed to patients with cardiovascular disease or diabetes or those at increased risk of cardiovascular events unless necessary. (trc-p.nl)
After studies showed that COX-2 inhibitors, used to treat arthritic conditions and other inflammatory disorders, were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, their use was restricted or contraindicated in certain patients (ie, they could no longer be used in patients with established ischaemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease). (cardiacrhythmnews.com)
They therefore investigated the risk of cardiovascular events, including atrial fibrillation, with COX-2 inhibitors after the cardiovascular side effects of the drugs had been widely accepted. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)
However, according to the study findings, there was a significant association between incidence atrial fibrillation and COX-2 inhibitors after the risk of cardiovascular events had been established. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)

Inhibits primarily COX-2. (medscape.com)
Iguratimod(T 614) is a selective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inhibits the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor. (adooq.com)

Overexpression of COX-2 produces excess prostaglandins, which have been shown to increase the possibility of colorectal cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Clooxygenase (COX) is an enzyme responsible for the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, including thromboxanes and prostaglandins. (cancer-research-network.com)
Moreover, COX-2 induces increased expression of prostaglandins, which play a key role in regulating inflammation, controlling pulmonary vascular tension, and barrier function. (cancer-research-network.com)
Prostaglandins derived from the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) from the cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway are important eicosanoids that regulate angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. (cdc.gov)
COX-2 inhibitors, which block the formation of prostaglandins, suppress tumor growth, whereas sEH inhibitors, which increase endogenous EETs, stimulate primary tumor growth and metastasis. (cdc.gov)
They act by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which promotes the release of prostaglandins, prostacyclins and thromboxanes, and activates phagocytes, which, in turn, promote the release of proinflammatory cytokines in response to tissue trauma. (bvsalud.org)
COX-2 responds to tissue trauma and produces prostaglandins involved in the inflammatory response and pain mediation 5 . (bvsalud.org)

for all patients the balance of GI and cardiovascular risk should be considered before prescribing a COX-2 inhibitor, particularly for those with risk factors for heart disease (such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes and smoking, as well as for patients with peripheral arterial disease) and those taking low dose aspirin, for whom GI benefit has not been clearly demonstrated. (gpnotebook.com)
By inhibiting the COX pathway, aspirin diverts arachidonic acid metabolites to the LO pathway. (medscape.com)
[2] It is a chelate of calcium acetylsalicylate (the calcium salt of aspirin ) and urea . (wikipedia.org)

Studies of breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers have led researchers to believe COX-2 plays a key role in the development and growth of tumors. (eurekalert.org)
Experimental in vitro and in vivo research demonstrated decreased cell proliferation in desmoid cell cultures and small tumors when COX-2 was blockaded with pharmacologic agents. (medscape.com)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly considered suitable first-line therapy for premenstrual disorders. (medscape.com)

Selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors have fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects. (medscape.com)

Specific COX-2 inhibitory drugs inhibit the inflammatory-induced prostaglandin synthesis, without hindering the constitutive prostaglandin synthesis. (trc-p.nl)

At least two COX isoforms have been identified: COX-1 is predominantly constitutive and expressed in different tissues, such as the stomach, intestine, kidneys and platelets. (bvsalud.org)

Saturated sesquiterpene lactones-rich species (Artemisia kopetdaghensis, Artemisia santolina, Artemisia sieberi) showed the highest suppressive activity on NO and PGE2 production via suppression of iNOS and COX-2 expression. (ac.ir)

The role of COX-2 in tumorigenesis involves regulating apoptosis, increasing angiogenesis, regulating immune response, and increasing invasiveness. (cancer-research-network.com)

given the association between cardiovascular risk and exposure to COX-II inhibitors, doctors are advised to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration of treatment. (gpnotebook.com)
Some COX-2 inhibitors appear to increase the risk of cardiovascular adverse events in a dose-related fashion and have been withdrawn. (trc-p.nl)
A new study in the European Heart Journal indicates that while restrictions on the use of cycloocygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors may have limited the feared cardiovascular consequences of the drugs, the risk of atrial fibrillation may have been overlooked and may warrant further consideration. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)
However according to Magnus Bäck (Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden) and his co-authors, the association between COX-2 inhibitors and atrial fibrillation has received "less attention" than the risk of other cardiovascular events. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)

Of this group of 22, 2 patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events and were not included in the final evaluation. (medscape.com)
Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥2% and greater than placebo) are dizziness, upper respiratory infection, cough, and back pain. (nih.gov)

Additionally, the COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib (Vioxx, MSD) was withdrawn from the market because of safety concerns. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)
Additionally, another experimental study found that deletion of cardiomyocycte COX-2 expression in mice induced interstitial and perivascular fibrosis and was associated with an enhanced susceptibility to induce arrhythmias. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)

The in vitro pharmacological evaluation of the synthesized compounds against COX-1 and COX-2 was performed in a human whole blood model. (unamur.be)

13 So, in one,25D resistant 40AF cells HPK1 doesn't seem inhibitor checkpoint inhibitors to signal differentiation with the JNK pathway. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
This is however an observational study and further studies are needed to establish the exact role of the COX pathway in atrial fibrillation. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)

If pain control in older patients with a history of gastrointestinal bleedings with paracetamol is insufficient, COX-2 inhibitors can be prescribed. (trc-p.nl)

Regulating the Golgi apparatus by co-delivery of a COX-2 inhibitor and Brefeldin A for suppression of tumor metastasis. (bvsalud.org)

Current studies support an association of disorders such as these with chronic inflammation, which appears to decrease with the use of COX-2 inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
COX-2, an enzyme which causes inflammation, is no stranger to cancer researchers. (eurekalert.org)
Furthermore, COX-2 plays an important role in the treatment of pulmonary inflammation. (cancer-research-network.com)

Obviously, CAY10404 Attenuates cyclooxygenase activity, significantly decreasing BAL PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1α. (cancer-research-network.com)
Fractions bearing unusual (Artemisia fragrans and Artemisia absinthium) and unsaturated sesquiterpene lactones (Artemisia ciniformis) possess less modulatory effect on PGE2 production and COX-2 expression. (ac.ir)

8(2): 115-118, 2021. (bvsalud.org)

To study the effects of COX-2 on PanIN progression, Dr. Eibl and colleagues focused on the KrasG12D mouse, an animal model that mimics the early stages of pancreatic cancer. (eurekalert.org)
In theory, these drugs should thus have fewer side effects than non-specific COX inhibitors. (trc-p.nl)

After several COX-2-inhibiting drugs were approved for marketing, data from clinical trials revealed that COX-2 inhibitors caused a significant increase in heart attacks and strokes, with some drugs in the class having worse risks than others. (wikipedia.org)
Polymerases theta and delta assist in the development of new cancer drugs known as polymerase theta inhibitors, currently undergoing clinical trials. (medindia.net)

or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), duloxetine (Cymbalta), and venlafaxine (Effexor XR). (medlineplus.gov)

It shows a high affinity and selectivity for COX-2 with a COX-2/COX-1 IC 50 selectivity ratio of 0.06 (whole blood assay) [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The study, published in the August 1 issue of Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, suggests a potential role for COX-2 inhibitors in pancreatic cancer prevention among high-risk patients. (eurekalert.org)

Anatomy31

Organisms13

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs166

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes25

Disciplines and Occupations1

NSAIDs19

Celecoxib17

Inhibition13

Coxibs1

Nimesulide8

Find COX-2 inhibito2

Selective COX-2 inhibito2

Therapeutic5

NSAID1

Inducible5

Anti-inflammatory7

Inhibit cyclooxygenase1

Events with COX-2 inhibito1

Aromatase Inhibitors3

Meloxicam3

Pathways3

Risk of cardiovascular events4

Inhibits2

Prostaglandins7

Aspirin3

Tumors2

SSRIs1

Gastrointestinal adverse effects1

Prostaglandin1

Constitutive1

INOS1

Tumorigenesis1

Cardiovascular4

Adverse2

Additionally2

Pharmacological1

Pathway2

Paracetamol1

Metastasis1

Inflammation3

PGE22

20211

Effects2

Clinical trials2

Serotonin1

Selectivity ratio1

Cancer Research1