• For cutaneous sensory neurons, GDNF supports development of small neurons with nociceptive properties. (jneurosci.org)
  • The experience of physiological pain can be grouped according to the source and related nociceptors, or pain detecting neurons. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • TRPV1-expressing nociceptors encode transient non-damaging heat pain in humans, thermal gating of TRPV1 is similar in HEK cells and DRG neurons, and TRPV1 tachyphylaxis is an important modulator of heat pain sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4. Baron R, Maier C. Phantom limb pain: are cutaneous nociceptors and spinothalamic neurons involved in the signaling and maintenance of spontaneous and touch-evoked pain? (ac.ir)
  • We hypothesized that stress may activate the kappa opioid receptor on tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons to increase circulating prolactin leading to female-selective sensitization of trigeminal nociceptors through dysregulation of prolactin receptor isoforms. (arizona.edu)
  • In the present study, we propose a bio-inspired tactile system with a population of 23 digital afferents: 12 RA-I, 6 SA-I, and 5 nociceptors. (nature.com)
  • In this way, the impact of the innervation mechanism and collaboration of afferents and nociceptors on sharpness recognition are investigated. (nature.com)
  • Our findings suggest that the synergy between sensory afferents and nociceptors conveys more information about tactile stimuli which in turn leads to the robustness of the proposed neuromorphic system against damage to the taxels or afferents. (nature.com)
  • Capsaicin-sensitive afferents are involved in signalling transneuronal effects between cutaneous sensory nerves. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The neurotoxin capsaicin was used to deplete the nerve of a subclass of C-fibres, namely the polymodal nociceptor afferents. (ox.ac.uk)
  • While other mammals have thickly myelinated afferents signaling pain (ultrafast nociceptors), these have not been demonstrated in humans. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • Here, we performed single-unit axonal recordings (microneurography) from cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents in healthy participants. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • Migraine headache results from activation of meningeal nociceptors, however, the hypothalamus is activated many hours before the emergence of pain. (arizona.edu)
  • Nociceptors behave as high-threshold mechanoreceptors (HTMR) and respond to harmful stimuli through Aβ, Aδ, and C nerve fibers 3 . (nature.com)
  • Recently, we demonstrated that TRPV4 can function as a transducer of hypo-osmotic stimuli in primary afferent nociceptors in the setting of inflammation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cold temperature detection involves the process of sensory transduction in cutaneous primary sensory nerve terminals, which converts thermal stimuli into depolarizations of the membrane. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Using TRPA1-deficient mice, we now show that this channel is the sole target through which mustard oil and garlic activate primary afferent nociceptors to produce inflammatory pain. (scienceopen.com)
  • However, TRPA1-deficient mice exhibit pronounced deficits in bradykinin-evoked nociceptor excitation and pain hypersensitivity. (scienceopen.com)
  • Thus, TRPA1 is an important component of the transduction machinery through which environmental irritants and endogenous proalgesic agents depolarize nociceptors to elicit inflammatory pain. (scienceopen.com)
  • Painful diabetic neuropathy is characterized by neuropathic pain accompanied by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptor hyperexcitability, resulting in calcium overload, axonal degeneration, and loss of cutaneous innervation. (drresidency.com)
  • Furthermore, using electron microscopy, we showed that mitochondria in DRG nociceptors had fragmented morphology as early as 2 weeks after starting HFD, preceding the onset of mechanical allodynia and small-fiber degeneration. (drresidency.com)
  • In particular, nociceptor hyperexcitability and the associated increased intracellular calcium concentrations could lead to excessive calcium entry into mitochondria mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, resulting in increased calcium-dependent mitochondrial fission and ultimately contributing to small-fiber degeneration and neuropathic pain in PDN. (drresidency.com)
  • Hence, we propose that targeting calcium entry into nociceptor mitochondria may represent a promising effective and disease-modifying therapeutic approach for this currently intractable and widespread affliction. (drresidency.com)
  • The development of treatments for neuropathic pain has been hindered by our limited understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying abnormalities in nociceptor hyperexcitability. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cutaneous tissue nociceptors terminate just below the skin, producing a well-defined, localized pain of short duration due to the high concentration of nerve endings. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Free nerve endings (nociceptors) are placed in the exterior layer of the skin (epidermal layer) and are widely distributed over the body. (nature.com)
  • Nociceptors for pain also appear to be "free nerve" endings in skin and muscle. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings suggest that TRPV1 expressed in dermal and epidermal populations of nociceptors serves as first line defense against heat injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cutaneous pain is caused by injury to the skin or superficial tissues. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Examples of injuries that produce cutaneous pain include paper cuts, minor (first degree) burns, and lacerations (cuts). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The scarcity of pain receptors in these areas produces a dull, poorly-localized pain of longer duration than cutaneous pain. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Measures of cutaneous pain perception and nociceptor density: More than skin deep. (bvsalud.org)
  • It has been demonstrated that pain perception is increased when nociceptors are active 7 . (nature.com)
  • LaMotte RH Cutaneous nociceptors and pain sensation in normal and hyperalgesic skin. (com.ng)
  • Cutaneous pain has a sharp quality, as it is conveyed by the fast A-delta fibres. (abdel-gadir.com)
  • Finally, neuropathic pain may be referred from one viscus to the other, or to a cutaneous or muscular area not involved in the initial pathological process. (abdel-gadir.com)
  • Periorbital cutaneous allodynia served as a surrogate of migraine-like pain. (arizona.edu)
  • These are the first data that provide a mechanistic link between stress-induced hypothalamic activation and the trigeminal nociceptor effectors that produce trigeminal sensitization and migraine-like pain. (arizona.edu)
  • This review aims at giving an update on our current understanding of the role played by TRPs, leak K+ and voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels in the transduction of cold by nociceptors and in cold-induced pain. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Inhibits the transmission of pain messages by saturating nociceptors. (winback.com)
  • Functional and topographical properties of field potentials evoked in rat dorsal horn by cutaneous C‐fibre stimulation. (lu.se)
  • Analysis of sensory neuron physiological properties using an ex vivo preparation showed that cutaneous C-fiber nociceptors of ART-OE mice had reduced heat thresholds and increased firing rates in response to a heat ramp. (jneurosci.org)
  • In vivo calcium imaging revealed increased calcium signaling in DRG nociceptors from mice with PDN. (drresidency.com)
  • How hypothalamic neural mechanisms may influence trigeminal nociceptor function remains unknown. (arizona.edu)
  • Lamina II, also called the substantia gelatinosa, contains many interneurons and is believed to play a major role in processing and modulating nociceptive input from cutaneous nociceptors. (brainkart.com)
  • They may play a specialized role in the cutaneous homing of LYMPHOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
  • and (ii) a second compound that inhibits one or more voltage-gated ion channels when applied to the internal face of the channels but does not substantially inhibit said channels when applied to the external face of the channels, wherein the second compound is capable of entering nociceptors or pruriceptors through the channel-forming receptor when the receptor is activated. (harvard.edu)
  • Moreover, it is illustrated that spiking activity of the biomimetic nociceptors is amplified as the sharpness increases which can be considered as a feedback mechanism for prosthesis protection. (nature.com)
  • Lamina II, also called the substantia gelatinosa, contains many interneurons and is believed to play a major role in processing and modulating nociceptive input from cutaneous nociceptors. (brainkart.com)
  • Conversely, nociceptor-specific deletion of the mTORC2 regulatory protein rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor) prevented inflammation-induced elongation and branching of cutaneous nociceptive fibers and attenuated inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. (ulaval.ca)
  • Computational modeling demonstrated that mTORC2-mediated structural changes in the nociceptive terminal tree are sufficient to increase the excitability of nociceptors. (ulaval.ca)
  • Prevention of action potential generation or propagation in nociceptors might represent a cellular mechanism underlying peripheral opioid-mediated alleviation of mechanical hypersensitivity in neuropathy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 14. Sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors induced by intradermal capsaicin involves the peripheral release of calcitonin gene-related Peptide driven by dorsal root reflexes. (nih.gov)
  • 19. Mechanical and heat sensitization of cutaneous nociceptors after peripheral inflammation in the rat. (nih.gov)
  • Pharmacological activation of mTORC2 induced elongation and branching of nociceptor peripheral endings and caused long-lasting pain hypersensitivity. (ulaval.ca)
  • These studies may indicate peripheral nerve inflammation, since preclinical neuritis models found mechanical sensitivity in inflamed, intact nociceptors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pathophysiology is unclear, but peripheral nociceptor and central sensitization and release of neuropeptides (substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide) help maintain pain and inflammation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Increasing painfulness during sustained pinching has been attributed to excitation and simultaneous sensitization of particular Adelta- and C-nociceptors. (asahq.org)
  • Nociceptor sensitization depends on age and pain chronicity. (pacificu.edu)
  • 3. Effect of capsaicin treatment on nociceptors in rat glabrous skin one day after plantar incision. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Neurogenic hyperalgesia: the search for the primary cutaneous afferent fibers that contribute to capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia. (nih.gov)
  • 16. Capsaicin-sensitive C- and A-fibre nociceptors control long-term potentiation-like pain amplification in humans. (nih.gov)
  • Mechano-responsive and -insensitive C-nociceptors were tested for their responsiveness to cowhage spicules, histamine, and capsaicin. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Furthermore, DAMGO substantially diminished the mechanically evoked discharges of C nociceptors in injured nerves. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings suggest that behaviourally manifested neuropathy-induced mechanosensitivity does not require a sensitised state of cutaneous nociceptors in damaged nerves. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its method of action is to deplete-or "burn out"-small peptides in cutaneous nerves that are involved in sending pain transmissions to the brain. (aneskey.com)
  • In order to calm our critter brain down, the clinician can communicate with the nervous system through cutaneous nerves. (zaccupples.com)
  • About 60% of patients complain of cutaneous allodynia during migraine episodes, often in the periorbitary region of the pain side. (unimi.it)
  • Cutaneous hypersensitivity and facial grimace was measured in wild-type and protease activated receptor 2-/- mice after dural application of 2at-LIGRL-NH2 or compound 48-80, a mast cell degranulator. (nih.gov)
  • 4. The Complement System Component C5a Produces Thermal Hyperalgesia via Macrophage-to-Nociceptor Signaling That Requires NGF and TRPV1. (nih.gov)
  • To investigate the role of artemin in regulating nociceptor properties and function, we isolated transgenic mice that overexpress artemin in keratinized tissues (ART-OE). (pitt.edu)
  • Mast cell degranulation, with subsequent meningeal nociceptor activation, has been implicated in migraine pathophysiology. (nih.gov)
  • A Comparative Neuro-Histological Assessment of Gluteal Skin Thickness and Cutaneous Nociceptor Distribution in Horses and Humans , full citation at end). (eqlifemag.com.au)
  • An itch (pruritus) can be defined as an unpleasant cutaneous sensation that elicits the desire to scratch [1] . (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Mechanosensory Deficits Correlate with Diminished Cutaneous ATP Release, despite Minimal Detection of TRPA1 in Mouse Keratinocytes. (pacificu.edu)
  • I suspect the injections sensitized nociceptors in muscle that had been irritated from de-conditioning after injury. (njspinedoc.com)
  • Thermal A-δ Nociceptors, Identified by Transcriptomics, Express Higher Levels of Anesthesia-Sensitive Receptors Than Thermal C-Fibers and Are More Suppressible by Low-Dose Isoflurane. (nih.gov)
  • Participants will be invited to participate in a sub-study investigating the contribution of cutaneous small fibre pathology to WAD2. (ox.ac.uk)