• They discovered that straining the materials induced a novel phase transition-a restructuring in their near-perfect crystalline structures that leads to instability and failure. (bnl.gov)
  • By using experimental techniques of Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction at high pressures, they compressed SO 2 up to 60 GPa with a diamond anvil cell and explored the phase transitions and structures of SO 2 up to 60 GPa and at temperatures ranging from 77-300 K. (phys.org)
  • Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is an ideal tool for such in situ structural studies, as it can be used to quantitatively characterize both crystalline and amorphous atomic structures. (rsc.org)
  • In general, in situ PDF characterization can provide real-time structural information and reveal mechanistic insights unavailable when performing ex situ studies or analyzing only crystalline atomic structures. (rsc.org)
  • The development of modern peptide chemistry has opened for the possibility of custom peptide synthesis that allows for systematically investigating the relationship between a specific oligopeptide molecular structure and the macroscopic phases and structures formed in such systems. (lu.se)
  • These diverse materials may exhibit time-dependent structures under transient or out-of-equilibrium conditions resulting from for example self-assembly processes, phase transitions or in response to external fields, such as flow. (lu.se)
  • Scaling down material synthesis to crystalline structures only few atoms in size and precisely positioned in device configurations remains highly challenging, but is crucial for new applications e.g., in quantum computing. (lu.se)
  • We propose to use the sidewall facets of larger III–V semiconductor nanowires (NWs), with controllable axial stacking of different crystal phases, as templates for site-selective growth of ordered few atoms 1D and 2D structures. (lu.se)
  • For the sake of clarity and brevity the exposition is restricted to martensitic phase transition (i.e., diffusionless phase transitions in crystalline solids). (bath.ac.uk)
  • Hormann, K & Zimmer, J 2007, ' On Landau theory and symmetric energy landscapes for phase transitions ', Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids , vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 1385-1409. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. (jove.com)
  • Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. (jove.com)
  • In our work, we discover cooperative transition for the first time in single crystals of two different organic semiconductors. (aiche.org)
  • Additionally, bent-core (``banana'') liquid crystals are also of interest exhibiting rich phase behaviour and non-classical properties such as flexoelectricity. (aps.org)
  • Fundamentally, these results provide evidence supporting the ubiquity of Ostwald's Rule of Stages, describing the hypothesized transitioning of crystals between metastable polymorphic forms in the early stages of crystal formation. (purdue.edu)
  • Polymorphic phase transitions can occur via nucleation and growth or a cooperative transition mechanism. (aiche.org)
  • The system with the bulkier side chains do not exhibit rotational motion even at high temperatures and displays nucleation and growth, while the one containing slightly less bulkier side chains exhibit fully rotational motion and displays cooperative transition. (aiche.org)
  • We present trajectories of the phase diagram which clearly reveal the formation of a glassy amorphous state and ice nucleation. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)
  • Conventional methods limit the detection of rare nucleation and rapid phase transitioning events due to their lack of selectivity and sensitivity. (purdue.edu)
  • It undergoes a phase transition which is accompanied by a sharp change in the electrical conductivity as well as in the reflectivity for infrared radiation. (gpd.fi)
  • However, in their thermodynamically stable 2H crystalline phase, they present poor electrical conductivity, being this phase a purely semiconducting one. (frontiersin.org)
  • In particular, all particles coupled to the same wave-length of the fluctuations will oscillate in phase with the EM field, that is, they will be coherent with the EM field. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Upon an onset of DNA hybridization between particles the phase transition from HCP order to 1D crystalline structure was observed. (aps.org)
  • Crystalline lattices of polyomavirus-like particles were observed in the patient's lung by electron microscopy. (cdc.gov)
  • 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) consists mainly of combustion-derived carbonaceous particles (fine and ultrafine sizes) with organic compounds and transition metals adsorbed on the surfaces (Stoeger et al. (who.int)
  • Aqueous sucrose solution droplets levitated in an electrodynamic balance (EDB) are used as a proxy for highly oxygenated organic compounds showing a glass transition or homogeneous freezing behavior depending on the temperature and relative humidity. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)
  • Crystalline NaHS undergoes two phase transitions. (wikipedia.org)
  • This refers to a type of phase change that occurs when a material undergoes a reversible transition between three crystalline phases upon heating and cooling. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • It was revealed that the anatase TiO 2 film started to transform into rutile phase when the annealing temperature was up to 800 °C. In this paper, a constructive and effective method of monitoring the phase transition in ultrathin films by SE has been proposed when the phase transition is not so obvious analyzed by XRD. (springer.com)
  • Our study reveals the role of Sc atoms in the liquid and amorphous structure, paving the way for the application of Sc-based phase-change memory. (osti.gov)
  • Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. (jove.com)
  • Single crystal XRD analysis is the definitive technique for determining three dimensional arrangements of atoms in a crystalline chemical compound. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The former is known to be the common mechanism in most polymorphic transitions. (aiche.org)
  • By understanding the molecular origin of different mechanisms of polymorphic transition, we can tailor the molecular structure for designing novel shape memory electronics with fast switching function modulation. (aiche.org)
  • These exotic materials exhibit a large refractive index shift across multiple wavebands through a reversible phase transition (amorphous-to-crystalline) initiated through external energy stimuli. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
  • Until now, phase change memory has primarily been developed using chalcogenides − −a group of materials known to exhibit reversible electrical changes when they transition between their crystalline and amorphous states. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • This latter characteristic is of particular interest with respect to non-volatile phase change memory, as the latter relies on the ability of a material to switch between two states of electrical resistivity in a reversible manner. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • The thermally reentrant phase change observed in the layered nickelate in the study is significant because it enables the reversible switching of electrical resistivity − −and, crucially, at room temperature, which allows for the development of multi-level non-volatile phase change memory using this type of material, and in everyday applications. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • While exploring phase transition in dense SO 2 , they found pressure-induced amorphization in dense SO 2 and a reversible pressure-induced structural transformation between the molecular amorphous and polymeric amorphous forms of SO 2 . (phys.org)
  • The researchers studied several different temperature paths and found that the phase transition path in dense SO 2 proceeded from the crystalline to the molecular amorphous phase and then to the polymeric amorphous phase over the entire temperature range of 77-300 K. They also discovered that the phase transition path was reversible. (phys.org)
  • Until this study, there have been no reported pressure induced structural phase transitions outside the 5 known rare earth sesquioxide polymorphs. (unlv.edu)
  • The crystalline form of a solid can profoundly affect its physical and chemical properties, with both potentially stable and metastable crystal polymorphs are accessible during crystal formation. (purdue.edu)
  • Diao, Y., Rotator side chains trigger cooperative transition for shape and function memory effect in organic semiconductors. (aiche.org)
  • Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors are special materials that have long fascinated researchers with their unique properties. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Later, in semiconductors, electronic surface states were predicted (and observed in angle-resolved photoemission), a structural phase transition understood, and some technologically important phenomena explained. (tamu.edu)
  • This method was applied in semiconductors and later extended to semiclassical electron-radiation-ion dynamics (SERID), based on Ehrenfest's theorem, which helped to understand nonthermal phase transitions when semiconductors (e.g. (tamu.edu)
  • Solution-processed organometal halide perovskites are hybrid crystalline semiconductors highly interesting for low-cost and efficient optoelectronics. (lu.se)
  • When compressed to 16 GPa, the sulfur dioxide in the crystalline phase went through pressure-induced amorphization and entered the amorphous phase of the molecular state. (phys.org)
  • It was reflected that the fast crystallization is because Sc stabilizes the 4-fold rings which act as precursors of nuclei in the amorphous phase. (osti.gov)
  • 23-27 These insights are made possible by the ability to characterize changes in the local atomic structure which serve as precursors to phase transitions and crystalline phase formation. (rsc.org)
  • Water has three phases: solid, liquid and vapor. (urantia.org)
  • This discussion will focus on the transition from vapor to solid (crystalline) phase-snowflakes! (urantia.org)
  • Carbon black is a powdered form of elemental carbon manufactured by the controlled vapor- phase hydrolysis of hydrocarbons. (who.int)
  • 2D materials and Low-Dimensional HOIP electronic, chemical and catalytic functionality via engineering structure, doping, and phase transitions. (mrs.org)
  • The hybrid combination of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and plasmonic materials open up novel means of (ultrafast) optoelectronic applications and manipulation of nanoscale light-matter interaction. (lu.se)
  • 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can be produced through convenient top-down liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) methods and present capacitive behaviour that can be exploited for energy storage applications. (frontiersin.org)
  • Unfortunately, the most thermodynamically stable crystalline phase of TMDs, i.e., the 2H phase, is semiconducting, strongly limiting the charge/discharge potential achievable from these nanomaterials. (frontiersin.org)
  • From In situ microscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman and NMR spectroscopy and molecular simulations we establish a molecular design rule that rotating bulky side chains trigger cooperative transition. (aiche.org)
  • Use the HTK 1200N for different types of in-situ X-ray investigations, including studies of phase transformations, structure determination, and studies of chemical reactions. (anton-paar.com)
  • Indeed, in situ PDF studies have been invaluable in determining phase formation pathways, particularly during hydrothermal nanoparticle synthesis. (rsc.org)
  • Similar to martensitic transition studied in metallurgy, cooperative transition exhibits low transition barrier, ultrafast kinetics, and structural reversibility. (aiche.org)
  • Polymorphism is the ability for a compound to adopt multiple crystalline packing states. (aiche.org)
  • The deliquescence of a crystalline and an amorphous aerosol at different temperatures is reported. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)
  • The homogenous system displays new properties (transition temperatures and phases) depending strongly on the interaction of the elastomer mesogen and bent-core mesogen. (aps.org)
  • Literature shows a variety of crystal phase transition temperatures and often a spread of the transition over tens of degrees Kelvin. (lu.se)
  • We propose that upon cooling from 160 to 140 K, domains of the crystal containing fewer defects stay in the tetragonal phase longer than highly defected domains that readily transform to the high bandgap orthorhombic phase at higher temperatures. (lu.se)
  • Such reversibility has been demonstrated in various chalcogenides − −any compound formed with elements from group 16 of the periodic table (such as sulfur, selenium and tellurium), but not in transition metal oxides (compounds of oxygen and any elements found in the middle portion of the periodic table, specifically in groups 3 through 12) − −at least until now. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • This is important because while chalcogenides have already proven effective for many phase-change memory applications, transition metal oxides often exhibit better thermal and chemical stability compared to some chalcogenides. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Many transition metal oxides are also more abundant than chalcogenides, which can reduce costs and improve sustainability. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • And transition metal oxides are already widely used in electronics, sensors, and related applications. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • The optical control of the macroscopic physical properties (magnetic, optical …) of a material by laser irradiation is gaining interest through the emerging field of photoinduced phase transitions. (degruyter.com)
  • In addition, the Raman spectroscopy is used to study phase transitions at characteristic points of the trajectory. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)
  • Super lattice formation is further supported by Raman spectra acquired for separate samples which show a doubling of the A 1g stretching mode of the A-type phase above 4 GPa. (unlv.edu)
  • Aspects of the systematics in the structural phase transitions for RE 2 O 3 (RE=La, Sm, Eu, Gd, Y, Er, Yb, Lu) under pressure were studied using diamond anvil cells (DACs). (unlv.edu)
  • This paper is reviewing different aspects of the use of photocrystallography to investigate the nature, the mechanisms and the dynamics of photoinduced phase transitions for photo-steady or long-lived states, as well as transformations driven by an ultra-short light pulse. (degruyter.com)
  • I show evidence that a long established sequence of high pressure phase transformations in rare-Earth sesquioxides involve more than the five currently known phases. (unlv.edu)
  • The team virtually examined this exotic phase transition in graphene, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, and graphane-all promising monolayer materials. (bnl.gov)
  • The findings reveal that Sc-centered configurations are almost in the form of stable octahedral clusters, which enhances the local order of the amorphous phase. (osti.gov)
  • When further compressed to above 26 GPa, a phase transition occurred from the molecular amorphous phase (two-coordinated sulfur) to the chain polymeric amorphous phase (three-coordinated sulfur). (phys.org)
  • The nanotube walls are crystalline and the tube formation involves crystal growth processes including oriented fragment attachments. (lu.se)
  • Using few-femtosecond laser pulse pairs we excite an SPP at the boundary of a WSe2 crystal and then have a WSe2 monolayer wedge act as a delay line inducing a spatially varying phase difference down to the attosecond time range. (lu.se)
  • Monitoring these dynamic changes in local atomic structure is critical to understanding the mechanisms underlying EM field-assisted synthesis, as they can provide insight into the structural changes influencing phase formation. (rsc.org)
  • Phase transition in individual nanowires was studied by photoluminescence microspectroscopy and super-resolution imaging. (lu.se)
  • Actively tunable optical filters based on chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are an emerging technology with applications across chemical spectroscopy and thermal imaging. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
  • The refractive index of an embedded PCM thin film is modulated through an amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition induced through thermal stimulus. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
  • However, the mechanisms by which EM fields affect the phase formation process are not well understood. (rsc.org)
  • 15,16 However, the mechanisms underlying the role of EM fields in promoting phase formation and structural transitions remain unclear. (rsc.org)
  • However, high crystalline zirconia is an opaque material, and, for esthetical reasons, 3Y-TZP frameworks have to be veneered with specific feldspathic dental porcelains 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Phase-change material Sc 0.2 Sb 2 Te 3 (SST) can remarkably boost the writing speed of memory devices due to the extremely fast crystallization. (osti.gov)
  • Scientists have achieved a breakthrough in the development of non-volatile phase change memory − −a type of electronic memory that can store data even when the power is turned off − −in a material that has never displayed the sort of characteristics that such memory requires. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Basically, the material can switch back and forth between the three phases multiple times as it is heated and cooled," said Tomoteru Fukumura, the other author of the paper. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • This is in contrast to a typical phase change, which is irreversible and occurs only once as the material is heated or cooled. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • The thermochromic material was embedded in zirconium oxide top and bottom layers which served as an antireflection layer and a crystalline template, respectively. (gpd.fi)
  • His suggestion of thallium substitution helped inspire Allen Hermann to discover the thallium-based cuprates, which achieved the highest superconducting transition temperature of any material. (tamu.edu)
  • Both methods used make it possible to experimentally derive a phase diagram of the binary mixture of sucrose and water and compare it with theoretical expectations. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)
  • By means of angle-resolved Mie scattering pattern of levitated aerosol droplets the onset of the phase transition can be detected. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)
  • Duration of the menopausal transition is longer in women with young age at onset: The multi-ethnic Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These properties enable tuning of electronic, optical, chemical and catalytic functionality via engineering structure, doping, and phase transitions. (mrs.org)
  • The crystalline structure of deposited and annealed films was deduced by SE and supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD). (springer.com)
  • The exact control of the sputtering process is essential for achieving the correct crystalline structure of the layer. (gpd.fi)
  • 3,4 Additionally, MWR has been shown to impact atomic structure and phase transitions in ways not observed without EM field exposure. (rsc.org)
  • If they can be adapted to new functions, such as phase change memory, it might be easier to integrate them into existing manufacturing processes and devices − −further simplifying the supply chain, which potentially has additional sustainability advantages. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • The systems are characterized by mixed type of phase transition from lyotropic mesophase to isotropic liquid. (ac.ru)
  • Moreover, the CDs will begin to attract more molecules, and attract each other, thereby turning gas into liquid in a change of phase. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The consequential swollen liquid crystalline elastomer systems, can imbibe many times there weight and volume in bent core mesogens until saturated. (aps.org)
  • The amorphous molecular to amorphous polymeric transition identified in this research may also suggest the possible existence of a similar transition in the liquid state. (phys.org)
  • Estradiol levels can rise above normal if double ovulation and luteal out-of-phase (LOOP) events (ie, premature formation of a follicle due to the major surge in FSH during the luteal phase) occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The researchers found that their particular layered nickelate exhibits a thermally reentrant crystalline phase change. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • The menopause transition and women's health at midlife: a progress report from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Adsorption Ratio (Kd) -- The amount of a chemical adsorbed by a sediment or soil (i.e., the solid phase) divided by the amount of chemical in the solution phase, which is in equilibrium with the solid phase, at a fixed solid/solution ratio. (cdc.gov)
  • PXRD can be used to both confirm compound identity and determine the presence of crystalline impurities. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Using the resulting predicted thermochemical data, we generate thousands of temperature-dependent phase diagrams to provide insights into the effects of temperature and composition on materials synthesizability and stability and to establish the temperature-dependent scale of metastability for inorganic compounds. (nature.com)
  • Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs), and their integration into micro and nano-structured filter designs, 8 - 11 are emerging as attractive candidates for such a tunable filter. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
  • The aim of this presentation is the development of a general approach for modelling the global complex energy landscapes of phase transitions. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Explicit energy functions are derived for the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition, where data are fitted for InTl. Another example is given for the cubic-to-monoclinic transition in CuZnAl. (bath.ac.uk)
  • By implementing AI solutions, data centers can transition from being significant energy consumers to becoming models of sustainable operation in the digital age. (mouser.com)
  • Matter, however, can and does undergo chemical changes, which (as with the various states or phases of matter) are an outcome of activity at the atomic and molecular level. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The phase transitions of the system based on ethylene glycol monododecyl ether - lanthanum nitrate - water were studied by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and conductometry methods. (ac.ru)
  • State of the art and opportunities in probing photoinduced phase transitions in molecular materials by conventional and picosecond X-ray diffraction" Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials , vol. 223, no. 4-5, 2008, pp. 272-282. (degruyter.com)