OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
CrystallizationCrystallography, X-RayX-Ray DiffractionCrystallographySelenomethionineProtein ConformationSynchrotronsBacterial ProteinsCalcium OxalateCloning, MolecularEscherichia coliRecombinant ProteinsModels, MolecularMolecular Sequence DataHemoglobin CProtein Structure, TertiaryAmino Acid SequenceMuramidasePyrococcus horikoshiiVolatilizationDetergentsSolubilityElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelSolutionsTemperatureThermus thermophilusCalcium CarbonateArchaeal ProteinsProteinsDifferential Thermal AnalysisChemical PrecipitationPolyethylene GlycolsUrinary CalculiArchaeoglobus fulgidusKidney CalculiChromatography, GelMethanococcaceaeAldose-Ketose IsomerasesScattering, RadiationProtein Structure, QuaternaryBothropsNegative StainingDiffusion
KineticsPolymersNucleationAmorphousMeltPartially crystallineDifferential Scanning CaSingle crystallineMeltsSynthesisCrystalsPolymorphsPolymerClustersMicroscopicTemperatureCelluloseMolecularMorphologyMoleculesIsothermalSaltsShrinkCharacterizeExperimentalPhasesAnalysesThermallyArraysProcessDistillationMeasurementsBulkStructureStructuresCalciumTypicallyFormationMicroscopyFilmsCyclicMechanismStrengthHighAdditivesPhaseMaterialsDrivenTemperaturesExperimentsFormSystemLayerDegreeProperties
Kinetics7
  • Here crystallisation kinetics are added to a previously-developed model, which contains a molecularly-aware constitutive equation to describe polymer stretch and orientation during typical non-isothermal FFF flow, and conditions under which flow-enhanced nucleation occurs due to residual stretch are revealed. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Flow-enhanced nucleation leads to accelerated crystallisation times at the surface of a deposited filament, whilst the bulk of the filament is governed by slower quiescent kinetics. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • We have studied the nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization kinetics of an aromatic thermotropic liquid crystalline polyimide synthesized from 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PMDA) and 1,3-bis[4-(4′-aminophenoxy) cumyl] benzene (BACB) by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). (edu.sa)
  • This document specifies two methods (isothermal and non-isothermal) for studying the crystallization kinetics of partially crystalline polymers using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). (iso.org)
  • Visualized and modeled the kinetics and dynamics of the crystallization of thermally evaporated Te films. (lbl.gov)
  • Revealing bulk metallic glass crystallization kinetics during laser powder bed fusion by a combination of experimental and numerical methods. (uni-kassel.de)
  • This work gives an example of thin film growth where the kinetics during the crystallisation rather than the film thickness is identified as the critical parameter for the presence of a thin-film phase within organic thin films. (rsc.org)
Polymers2
  • For semi-crystalline polymers, the ultimate crystal morphology and how it develops during cooling is crucial to determining part properties. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Solution crystallization of polymers. (sun.ac.za)
Nucleation6
  • The average value n is about 2.6 and the temperature-dependent rate constant k changes about two orders of magnitude in the crystallization temperature range of 6°C. The slope of In k versus 1/ (T c ΔT) is calculated to be -2.4 × 10 5 , which suggests nucleation control, via primary and/or secondary nucleation for the crystallization process. (edu.sa)
  • These Sc-centered octahedral clusters present a high stability in supercooled liquid and amorphous states, remarkably reducing the incubation time of nucleation and speeding up the crystallization. (osti.gov)
  • The polycrystalline ordering develops through homogeneous nucleation, i.e., spontaneous formation of crystalline clusters far from the boundaries of the system. (aps.org)
  • Thorough physical-chemical analyses of nucleation and crystallization pathways are clue to obtaining new insights into the mechanisms underlying the formation of solids from solution. (uni-hannover.de)
  • Experimental data propose that during crystallization biomolecules pass through a nucleation intermediate. (lu.se)
  • In order to obtain more insights about the process and to obtain supporting evidence for the tow-step nucleation mechanism (2) and theory we investigated the nucleation process and early crystallization events for various proteins, applying complementary biophysical methods (3,4,5). (lu.se)
Amorphous8
  • It was reflected that the fast crystallization is because Sc stabilizes the 4-fold rings which act as precursors of nuclei in the amorphous phase. (osti.gov)
  • In this paper we study blends of PVDF (semi-crystalline, Tg=-35 °C, Tm=173 °C) and PVAc (amorphous, Tg=33 °C) which are miscible at all blending ratio (presence of a single Tg). (4spe.org)
  • The focus of current research activities lies on amorphous precursors and intermediates in the crystallization of the most important biominerals, other technologically relevant minerals but also of small organic molecules. (uni-hannover.de)
  • Stabilization against crystallization during storage as well as during dosing is usually achieved by dispersing amorphous drug in a polymeric matrix and has been well studied. (aiche.org)
  • Solid-state crystallization at this amorphous drug-water interface is not well understood, nor is the role played by excipients in influencing this crystallization phenomenon. (aiche.org)
  • The work presented herein utilizes experimental and modeling tools to characterize and model solid-state crystallization at the amorphous-water interface as well as the impact on crystallization from polymer and surfactant species in solution. (aiche.org)
  • Interpretive 2D lattice Monte Carlo simulations exhibit semi-quantitative agreement with experiments and elucidate the impact of the surface energy of the underlying amorphous material on the morphology of the crystalline phase. (aiche.org)
  • While naturally occurring mineral fibers such as asbestos are crystalline in structure, synthetic vitreous fibers are amorphous materials. (cdc.gov)
Melt2
Partially crystalline1
  • Ultraform ® can be thermoplastically processed and has a partially crystalline structure with a high degree of crystallization. (basf.com)
Differential Scanning Ca1
  • Effects of composition as well as thermal histories on crystallization were investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), parallel plate rheology and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). (4spe.org)
Single crystalline2
  • While the use of molecular contact primer layers to control the energy level alignment is demonstrated in many concept studies, mainly using (single crystalline) model substrates, the processability of electrodes and their robustness must also be considered in real devices. (uni-marburg.de)
  • single crystalline Si and GaAs solar cells) involves using expensive materials and advanced processing techniques to obtain the highest possible efficiency. (intechopen.com)
Melts1
Synthesis1
  • Synthesis, structure and crystallization behaviour of amphiphilic hetero-arm molecular brushes with crystallizable poly(ethylene glycol) and N-alkyl side chains. (sun.ac.za)
Crystals3
  • Crystalline graphite (or flaky graphite) ores have graphite crystals that are greater than 1mm in size and more flaky. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
  • We watch crystallization take place every winter when ice crystals form on our windows. (sciencedaily.com)
  • While both states yielded crystals, the experimental results showed that when dense phases form, the energy barrier to formation of an orderly, crystalline arrangement of molecules is lower -- just as the theory predicted. (sciencedaily.com)
Polymorphs1
  • The crystallisation speed is varied by the evaporation rate of the solvent and is identified as a key parameter for the respective polymorphs present in the films. (rsc.org)
Polymer2
  • Cold crystallization is a process where polymer chains that have not crystallized during cooling crystallize during heating. (researchgate.net)
  • AFM and SEM data also demonstrate crystallization inhibition with polymer additives, with concentration-dependent crystal morphology. (aiche.org)
Clusters1
  • The small crystalline clusters typically shrink before they reach a critical size, above which crystallites with no preferred orientation grow to reach the system size. (aps.org)
Microscopic3
  • At different pH-values the crystalline layers showed big differences in their macroscopic as well as in their microscopic structure. (oldcitypublishing.com)
  • Crystalline model systems provide microscopic insights into the nature of such states as they enable microscopic structure−property investigations. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Calculi vary from microscopic crystalline foci to calculi several centimeters in diameter. (msdmanuals.com)
Temperature5
Cellulose1
  • This article describes the first observation of crystallization-induced microphase separation in thin film and bulk cellulose triacetate- block -poly(γ-benzyl- l -glutamate) (PBLG) [cellulose triacetate (CTA)- b -PBLG] via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) between azido-functionalized CTA at the reducing end and alkyne-functionalized PBLG at the C-terminus. (springer.com)
Molecular3
  • 9H 2 O is a white, slightly hygroscopic, crystalline powder of molecular weight 417.87, that is readily soluble in water. (nih.gov)
  • Since optoelectronic properties of molecular solids also depend crucially on molecular packing motifs, it is not sufficient to only consider single-molecule properties, but also to gain precise knowledge of the crystalline phases to understand structure-property relationships. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Now, researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science have, for the first time, directly observed the process of crystallization on the molecular level, validating some recent theories about crystallization as well as showing that if one knows how the crystal starts growing, one can predict the end structure. (sciencedaily.com)
Morphology2
  • In particular, the crystal morphology varies cross-sectionally, with smaller spherulites forming in an outer skin layer, explaining features observed in full transient crystallisation measurements. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • The morphology and crystallization behavior of polypropylene/ethylene-propylene rubber blends were studied in this paper. (4spe.org)
Molecules1
  • It is generally assumed that in vivo crystallization controls rely on the interplay of dissolved bio(macro)molecules and insoluble organic matrices with the nascent minerals. (uni-hannover.de)
Isothermal1
Salts2
  • the water combined with many salts in their crystalline form. (freedictionary.org)
  • 350 mg/day [1820 micromol/day]), present in about 40 to 50% of calcium calculi-formers, promotes calcium calculi formation because citrate normally binds urinary calcium and inhibits the crystallization of calcium salts. (msdmanuals.com)
Shrink1
  • By analyzing the atomic structure of scandium fluoride, scientists have discovered why certain crystalline materials shrink when they're heated. (materialstoday.com)
Characterize1
  • Here, we use angular-resolved UV/vis absorption spectroscopy to characterize the CTXs of crystalline pentacene:perfluoro-pentacene (PEN:PFP) films allowing determination of the polarization of this state. (uni-marburg.de)
Experimental1
  • In this talk, I will report on the experimental preparation of crystalline ground states of such spin systems. (aps.org)
Phases1
  • The understanding of atomic arrangement in nanocrystalline phases is intrinsically complicated and this challenge is exacerbated by the presence of additional crystalline phase(s). (nature.com)
Analyses1
  • Together with other second cycle courses in bedrock geology this knowledge will form the basis for advanced understanding and analyses of crystalline bedrock on different spatial and temporal scales. (lu.se)
Thermally2
  • In the second approach crystallization among the particles was suppressed in a pure thermally induced agglomeration. (bsz-bw.de)
  • In the second approach crystallization among the particles was suppressed in a pure thermally induced agglomeration.Kolloidale Kristalle können neuartige Eigenschaften aus der Kombination von Partikeleigenschaften und kollektiven Phänomenen der Partikelpackung aufweisen. (bsz-bw.de)
Arrays1
  • Achieved Te thin films with large grains or single-crystal arrays by controlling the crystallization process during thermal evaporation. (lbl.gov)
Process5
  • Here, we use calorimetry and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction to quantitatively follow tricalcium silicate hydration process: i) its dissolution, ii) portlandite crystallization and iii) C-S-H gel precipitation. (nature.com)
  • This process is followed by the precipitation of complex poorly-crystalline calcium-silicate-hydrates (generically named C-S-H gel) and the crystallization of Ca(OH) 2 , portlandite, see overall reaction (1) 2 . (nature.com)
  • Static crystallization is a process using vertical plates, heated or cooled by an internal circulation of heat transfer medium (HTM). (sulzer.com)
  • This paper also discuss the effect of different take-off temperatures on crystallization for different ratios of PP/EPR in the PP/EPR blend in the flat-film extrusion process. (4spe.org)
  • Crystallization is a very basic chemical process: schoolchildren can witness it with their own eyes. (sciencedaily.com)
Distillation2
  • In general, crystallization is often the best alternative when distillation performs poorly, or if your product cannot be purified or separated by distillation due to close boiling points, or azeotropes between the components. (sulzer.com)
  • Paraffin wax, also known as crystalline wax, is through distillation after solvent refining, solvent dewaxing or by wax freezing crystallization, press dewaxing to make wax paste, and then by solvent deoil or sweat deoil, and supplement refined by. (ecplaza.net)
Measurements2
  • Their behaviors of crystallization are investigated using the measurements of sheet resistance and coherent phonon spectroscopy. (spie.org)
  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements on the evolving interface reveal non-classical and highly anisotropic crystallization. (aiche.org)
Bulk2
  • Comparing rheological and optical results for crystallization kinetic, it can be inferred that PVDF crystallizes faster near a solid interface than in the bulk. (4spe.org)
  • Slow crystallisation speed induces preferential growth in the stable bulk structure, while fast crystallisation leads to the occurrence of a metastable thin-film phase. (rsc.org)
Structure1
  • The review is performed to further understand the structure of the laser modified surface and the nature of dopants and defects in the crystalline grains. (intechopen.com)
Structures2
  • To correlate inhibitor dimensions with reactivity and explore whether in situ cycloaddition could be accelerated in a concentrated, crystalline template, we developed crystal-soaking procedures and solved structures of AChE complexes with the TZ2PA5 regioisomers and their TZ2/PA5 precursors (2.1-2.7 Å resolution). (nih.gov)
  • In biological materials, sophisticated structures elegantly conform to their function, demonstrating that target-oriented control over crystallization is possible, in principle. (uni-hannover.de)
Calcium1
  • Tricalcium silicate, the main constituent of Portland cement, hydrates to produce crystalline calcium hydroxide and calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H) nanocrystalline gel. (nature.com)
Typically1
Formation2
  • The result shown that, with the addition of EPR in PP, the rate of crystallization became slower, the Maltese cross formation gradually disappeared and bead dispersion became evident. (4spe.org)
  • In the first approach a superposition of two crystallization mechanisms ensured a robust formation of hexagonal particle packings. (bsz-bw.de)
Microscopy1
  • Polarized light microscopy images of the Te films (10 nm) crystallized at different crystallization temperatures (CT). (lbl.gov)
Films1
  • Large-area crystalline particle films with low defect density were obtained by an optimized deposition geometry. (bsz-bw.de)
Cyclic1
  • In this work, we carry out discrete element method simulations to determine the contributions of friction and gravity to crystallization of granular materials during cyclic shear. (aps.org)
Mechanism1
  • Finally, exploitation of flow-enhanced crystallisation is proposed as a mechanism to increase weld strength at the interface between deposited filaments. (lincoln.ac.uk)
Strength2
  • Further the strength of the crystalline deposits was determined in abrasion experiments. (oldcitypublishing.com)
  • Metallic glasses have superior mechanical properties such as high tensile strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance compared to crystalline metals. (azooptics.com)
High2
  • Using computer modeling and a novel imaging technique, scientists have been able to study the self-assembly of crystalline materials at a high resolution. (materialstoday.com)
  • Customers appreciate the high flexibility and wide operating range possible with static crystallization. (sulzer.com)
Additives1
  • Ca. (c) Food grade/salt shall be the fine grained, refined, white crystalline salt with the addition of anticaking agents and other additives the use and limits for which shall be as prescribed in Schedule A to these Regulations. (who.int)
Phase3
  • Phase-change material Sc 0.2 Sb 2 Te 3 (SST) can remarkably boost the writing speed of memory devices due to the extremely fast crystallization. (osti.gov)
  • This discussion will focus on the transition from vapor to solid (crystalline) phase-snowflakes! (urantia.org)
  • Scientists have created a way to observe this phase of crystallization, verifying long-held theories. (sciencedaily.com)
Materials1
  • A new technique for probing the crystalline microstructure of battery cathodes can reveal the short-term order of the ions in these materials. (materialstoday.com)
Driven1
  • Thus, gravitational loading and frictional forces are not necessary to induce crystallization in driven granular media. (aps.org)
Temperatures1
  • It was found that the crystallization degree and crystalline lamella size were greater at higher take-off temperatures than those at lower take-off temperatures. (4spe.org)
Experiments3
  • In the experiments a strong effect of the pH-value on crystallization fouling was observed. (oldcitypublishing.com)
  • Furthermore, by combining X-ray reflectivity investigations with photoelectron spectroscopy experiments, the presence of a monolayer thick wetting layer below the crystalline film could be evidenced. (rsc.org)
  • Preliminary experiments explore these findings by connecting qualitative crystallization observations to the underpinning transport phenomena facilitating surface rearrangement. (aiche.org)
Form2
  • Despite precursor binding to crystalline AChE, coupling of rapid electric field fluctuations in the gorge with proper alignments of the azide and alkyne reactants to form the triazole remains a likely limiting step. (nih.gov)
  • Yes, copper sulphate(CuSO4) can be separated from its solution in crystalline form. (answers.com)
System1
  • We observe a magnetization staircase as a function of the system size and show directly the emergence of crystalline states with vanishing susceptibility. (aps.org)
Layer1
  • The purer crystalline layer remains adhered to the plates. (sulzer.com)
Degree1
  • The degree of crystallinity of a sample can be determined from its DSC heating curve by calculating the enthalpy of fusion (Hm) and comparing it to the enthalpy of fusion of a 100% crystalline sample (Hm0). (researchgate.net)
Properties1