AnatomyDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
Musculocutaneous NerveBrachial PlexusNerve TransferSurgical FlapsCadaverRectus AbdominisRadial Nerve
BrachialDorsalArteryUlnar NerveCaudalCervicalRadial nerveCerebellumEighthAnteriorVentralMusclesAbducensCutaneousSensory nervesRootsThoracicDistalSpinal nervesDeafnessInnervatesTrigeminal nerveBicepsAuditoryOpticAxonsSciaticMedian NerveHypoglossalBranchesConduction studiesPosterior auricAfferentAnatomicalSympatheticShoulderLaterallyUpperVesselsIntervertebral foramenPeripheral nerveConnective tissueBranchMandibular
Brachial13
Dorsal9
  • Dorsal digital nerve. (anatomytrains.com)
  • Each spinal nerve consists of four segments from proximal to distal: (1) roots, (2) main trunk, (3) four primary branches, and (4) numerous peripheral branches ( Fig. 17-3 A ). The roots lie within the vertebral canal and consist of a dorsal root ( radix dorsalis ) with a spinal ganglion ( ganglion spinale ), and a ventral root ( radix ventralis ). (veteriankey.com)
  • Union of the dorsal and ventral roots forms the main trunk of the spinal nerve, which is located largely within the intervertebral foramen. (veteriankey.com)
  • After emerging from the intervertebral foramen, the spinal nerve gives off a dorsal branch ( ramus dorsalis ), then a communicating branch ( ramus communicans ), and continues as a larger ventral branch ( ramus ventralis ). (veteriankey.com)
  • B , Schematic drawing of the dorsal and ventral rootlets of a typical spinal nerve. (veteriankey.com)
  • The number of dorsal root filaments agrees closely with the number of ventral root filaments for each spinal nerve. (veteriankey.com)
  • The number of dorsal and ventral root filaments averages six each for the first five cervical nerves. (veteriankey.com)
  • From the second thoracic segment through the thirteenth thoracic segment there are two dorsal and two ventral filaments that form each thoracic nerve root. (veteriankey.com)
  • The spinal ganglia ( ganglia spinalia ), formerly referred to as dorsal root ganglia, are aggregations of pseudounipolar nerve cell bodies that are located in the dorsal root within (rarely external to) the corresponding intervertebral foramen. (veteriankey.com)
Artery7
  • Those interested in nerve and artery work and those working with pain syndromes are especially recommended to this event. (anatomytrains.com)
  • The roots of the spinal nerves exit from the spinal canal behind the vertebral artery and cross the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra. (aneskey.com)
  • Here, the cords rotate by about 90° around the axillary artery, with the medial cord passing under the artery. (aneskey.com)
  • It is now positioned medial to the artery and then gives off a medial root that unites with the lateral root of the lateral cord to form the median nerve. (aneskey.com)
  • The median nerve is usually located lateral to the axillary artery. (aneskey.com)
  • It crosses anterior to the axillary artery and vein, pierces the clavipectoral fascia, and supplies the deep surface of the pectoralis major. (neurol.ru)
  • It sends a small branch to the medial pectoral nerve, forming a loop in front of the first part of the axillary artery, to supply fibers of the pectoralis minor. (neurol.ru)
Ulnar Nerve2
  • The ulnar nerve, the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm and the medial nerve of the forearm, and the medial root of the median nerve arise from the medial cord. (aneskey.com)
  • The ulnar nerve controls the muscles of the hand involved in fine motor movements, such as the flexor muscles of the ring and little fingers. (mrimaster.com)
Caudal2
  • thus the last several lumbar, the sacral, and the caudal nerves have to run increasingly longer distances before they reach the corresponding intervertebral foramina to exit from the vertebral canal. (veteriankey.com)
  • Because the caudal part of the spinal cord (S-1 caudally) and the nerves that leave it resemble a horse's tail, this part of the spinal cord (the conus medullaris), with the spinal roots coming from it, is called the cauda equina (see Chapter 16 ). (veteriankey.com)
Cervical1
  • The medial pectoral nerve is derived from the eighth cervical and first thoracic cervical rami. (neurol.ru)
Radial nerve3
  • Radial nerve LMN deficits include abnormal extensor function of the limb causing a dropped elbow posture if the lesion is proximal to the elbow, inability to extend the carpus and to flex and extend the digits. (vin.com)
  • The posterior cord divides into the axillary nerve and radial nerve (see Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.5 ). (aneskey.com)
  • Sensory branches of the radial nerve provide sensation to the posterior arm, forearm, and dorsolateral hand. (mrimaster.com)
Cerebellum1
  • From the meninges to the brainstem, we will explore the major structures of the cerebrum and cerebellum, and their extensions into the cranial nerves. (anatomytrains.com)
Eighth1
  • The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (unboundmedicine.com)
Anterior5
  • The anterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of the infraorbital nerve (from CN V2), run in canals in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and innervate the upper incisors, canines, premolars, and often part of the first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Insert the needle just medial to the anterior axillary fold over the bulk of the muscle. (neurol.ru)
  • If the needle is inserted too superiorly, it may be in the anterior fibers of the deltoid, which is supplied by the axillary nerve. (neurol.ru)
  • The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm, including the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis. (mrimaster.com)
  • The median nerve supplies motor fibers to muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm, including the flexor muscles of the wrist and fingers. (mrimaster.com)
Ventral1
Muscles5
  • The posterior auricular nerve is a motor branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) that innervates the posterior and intrinsic auricular muscles. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In gross anatomy, the nerves to skeletal muscles are branches of mixed peripheral nerves. (medscape.com)
  • During a peripheral nerve block (PNB), real-time BI eliminates the need to rotate the transducer to obtain both short-and long-axis views of the nerves, vessels, bones, muscles, or fascial planes. (ekja.org)
  • The axillary nerve controls the deltoid and teres minor muscles, which are involved in shoulder abduction and external rotation, respectively. (mrimaster.com)
  • We then reveal the muscle layers that enable motion of the shoulder and the nerves that direct the muscles and provide sensation. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Abducens1
Cutaneous2
  • A cutaneous nerve of the forearm. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • External haemorrhoids lie below the dentate line, are covered by squamous epithelium and innervated by cutaneous nerves. (passmed.uk)
Sensory nerves1
Roots4
  • BACKGROUND: During interscalene block (ISB) placement, ultrasound guidance (USG) enables the practitioner to measure the spread of local anesthetic around the nerve trunks or roots, and to adjust the needle position in order to optimize diffusion. (londonspine.com)
  • The upper trunk arises from the union of the roots of C5/6, where the suprascapular nerve arises immediately as a lateral branch from the upper trunk. (aneskey.com)
  • The biplane cursor is over the C5 and C6 nerve roots. (ekja.org)
  • Sternocostal part: Innervation is via the lateral and medial pectoral nerves, lateral and medial cords, middle and lower trunks, and roots C7, C8, T 1. (neurol.ru)
Thoracic1
Distal2
  • CONCLUSIONS: During USG ISB placement, injection below the C6 level provided the same efficiency in analgesia after shoulder surgery as an injection cranial to the C5 nerve root but a greater success rate of anesthesia in all distal nerve areas. (londonspine.com)
  • Finally, lower extremity biplane USGRA images of the femoral nerve block, distal femoral triangle block and popliteal sciatic nerve block are depicted in Figs. 1I - 1K . (ekja.org)
Spinal nerves2
  • The spinal nerves ( nervi spinales ) (Figs. 17-1 and 17-2 ) usually number 36 pairs in the dog. (veteriankey.com)
  • The numbers C-1 through C-8 and T-1 and T-2 refer to spinal nerves, not vertebrae. (veteriankey.com)
Deafness1
  • If no sound is heard in the covered ear, then the test is considered positive, indicating nerve deafness. (legalsoftsolution.com)
Innervates2
  • Sometimes there is a middle superior alveolar nerve that innervates the premolars and first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) It passes through the parotid gland en route to the ear, where it innervates skin of the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane. (unboundmedicine.com)
Trigeminal nerve1
  • If this results in lateral motion of the lower jaw on the percussed side, then the reflex is positive, indicating damage to the cortical innervation of the motor portion of the Trigeminal Nerve. (legalsoftsolution.com)
Biceps1
  • If the needle is inserted too laterally, it may be in the coracobrachialis or the short head of the biceps, which are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve. (neurol.ru)
Auditory1
  • The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (unboundmedicine.com)
Optic2
  • The olfactory nerve, around the area of the optic chiasm, divides into three striae (trigone). (neurologyneeds.com)
  • Binocular - Hemianopsia due to bilateral optic nerve disease. (wikem.org)
Axons6
  • The neuronal cell bodies of a nerve's axons are in the brain, the spinal cord, or ganglia, but the nerves run only in the peripheral nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Nerves with axons that conduct electrochemical impulses toward the central nervous system (CNS) are afferent, nerves with axons that conduct impulses away from the CNS are efferent, and nerves with both afferent and efferent axons are mixed. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Only 60% of the axons in the nerve to a given muscle are motor to the muscle fibers that make up the bulk of the muscle. (medscape.com)
  • The nerve supply branches within the muscle belly, forming a plexus from which groups of axons emerge to supply the muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
  • In the peripheral nervous system, the axons of neurons are grouped together to form nerves. (teachmeanatomy.info)
  • Motor nerves - larger axons and multipolar structure. (teachmeanatomy.info)
Sciatic1
  • The Soleus muscle is innervated by the Tibial nerve, which is the terminal branch of the Sciatic nerve. (shiken.ai)
Median Nerve1
  • After the musculocutaneous nerve has arisen from the lateral cord, it combines with parts of the medial cord to form the median nerve ( Fig. 2.6 , Fig. 2.7 , Fig. 2.8 ). (aneskey.com)
Hypoglossal1
  • Tongue deviation from unilateral hypoglossal nerve injury (CN XII). (wikem.org)
Branches3
  • The inferior alveolar nerve (from CN V3) runs in the mandibular canal, giving off branches to the lower teeth and gingivae as it passes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Branches from the medial pectoral nerve may also supply portions of the pectoralis major. (neurol.ru)
  • At the spinal ganglion, the meninges continue on the main trunk of the spinal nerve and its branches as the epineurium. (veteriankey.com)
Conduction studies1
  • The assessment of nerve injury includes a careful neurological examination, sometimes accompanied by tests, e.g., electromyography or nerve conduction studies. (unboundmedicine.com)
Posterior auric1
  • one was paresthesia at the tip of the thumb/index finger, which resolved within 2 weeks, and the other was hypoesthesia involving the posterior auricular nerve, which resolved within 6 months. (anesth-pain-med.org)
Afferent1
  • There are three broad functional classifications of nerves - sensory (afferent), intermediate and motor (efferent). (teachmeanatomy.info)
Anatomical2
  • Ultrasound guidance, compared with anatomical landmark and paresthesia techniques, can provide direct visualization of the target nerve, surrounding tissue, and injectate spread, and may lead to improvement in patient safety for decreased nerve injury or other serious complications including local anesthetic systemic toxicity and pneumothorax [ 5 , 7 , 8 - 11 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
  • Technical skills, such as needle manipulation during ISB using a nerve stimulator, as well as anatomical landmarks and the types of local anesthetic drug used for ISB, are important neurological risk factors [ 1 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
Sympathetic1
  • A sympathetic nerve to the heart that carries impulses that speed the heart rate. (unboundmedicine.com)
Shoulder3
  • There are some of the vessels and nerves that are involved with the canine shoulder joint anatomy. (anatomylearner.com)
  • I will show the involvement of the vessels and nerves in the canine shoulder lateral with the labeled diagram. (anatomylearner.com)
  • All these nerves and arteries from the shoulder will describe later with a diagram. (anatomylearner.com)
Laterally1
  • When the chords enter the axillary region, they are actually located medially, laterally, and posteriorly in accordance with their names. (aneskey.com)
Upper1
  • The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also from CN V2) innervate the rest of the upper molars. (unboundmedicine.com)
Vessels2
  • The pulp is a soft tissue area containing the nerve and blood vessels to nourish and protect the tooth, located within the pulp cavity. (wikipedia.org)
  • It contains numerous small blood vessels, which supply the nerve fibres. (teachmeanatomy.info)
Intervertebral foramen2
  • Within the intervertebral foramen, the spinal nerve gives off a small and variable meningeal branch ( ramus meningeus ). (veteriankey.com)
  • Epineurium appears on the nerve as it exits the intervertebral foramen. (teachmeanatomy.info)
Peripheral nerve1
  • Due to the efforts of numerous clinicians and basic scientists over many years, we now have a firm understanding of how the motor signal generated in the brain travels down the spinal cord, into a peripheral nerve, and interfaces with the target muscle. (medscape.com)
Connective tissue2
  • We will look at the general structure of nerves, their layers of connective tissue and finish by considering some conditions that arise when the normal structure is lost. (teachmeanatomy.info)
  • Fig 1.1 - Connective tissue layers of a nerve cell. (teachmeanatomy.info)
Branch1
  • It curves forward to join the branch from the lateral pectoral nerve, entering the deep surface of the pectoralis minor to supply it. (neurol.ru)
Mandibular1