Covalently fragment amino acid antibody specificity. Medical search. Frequent questions

A monoclonal antibody, for comparison, is 150 kDa, and a single-domain antibody, the smallest type of antigen-binding antibody fragment, 12-15 kDa. (wikipedia.org)
A murine monoclonal antibody (LmAb12) and its recombinant fragments (scFv12P and diabody12P) have been produced and characterized. (bvsalud.org)
This study compared dimeric IgA1 (dIgA1), dIgA2, or IgG1 versions of a human neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nmAb) targeting a conserved HIV Env epitope. (biomedcentral.com)
Unsatisfactory results were also obtained with the recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, pertuzumab (Perjeta), that target specifically the extracellular domain of HER2 (4). (iranpath.org)
A monoclonal antibody (Mab) designated as GHR106 was generated against the extracellular domain (N1-29 synthetic peptide) of human gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor. (annexpublishers.co)

Affibody molecules are small, robust proteins engineered to bind to a large number of target proteins or peptides with high affinity, imitating monoclonal antibodies, and are therefore a member of the family of antibody mimetics. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, in epitope mapping experiments, peptides should contain between 9 and 22 amino acids because epitopes typically fall within that size range. (proteogenix.science)
In practice, this parameter is defined by the number of amino acid residues shared by neighboring peptides. (proteogenix.science)
The synthesis and applications of the peptides are gaining increasing popularity as a result of the developments in biotechnology and bioengineering areas and for a number of research purposes including cancer diagnosis and treatment, antibiotic drug development, epitope mapping, production of antibodies, and vaccine design. (intechopen.com)
The specific characters of peptides (high bioactivity, high specificity, and low toxicity) have made them attractive therapeutic agents. (intechopen.com)
Both Mabs in murine (mGHR106) or humanized (hGHR106) forms were shown to have comparable specificity and affinity to intact GnRH receptor on cancer cells or to N1-29 synthetic peptides from humans and monkeys. (annexpublishers.co)

Combination of small size, ease of engineering, high affinity and specificity makes Affibody molecules suitable alternative as monoclonal antibodies for both molecular imaging and therapeutical applications, especially for the receptor-overexpressing tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides that fold up into a distinctive 3D structure capable of binding with high affinity and specificity to small molecules up to entire organisms, with nanomolar range dissociation constants. (encyclopedia.pub)
Many approaches have been introduced to promote the stability of aptamers without altering their binding affinity and specificity against their targets. (encyclopedia.pub)

In a secondary analysis of RV144, plasma IgA decreased the in vitro ADCC activity of vaccine-induced, Env-specific IgG with the same epitope specificity. (biomedcentral.com)

The original Affibody protein scaffold was designed based on the Z domain (the immunoglobulin G binding domain) of protein A. These molecules are the newly developed class of scaffold proteins derived from the randomization of 13 amino acids located in two alpha helices involved in the binding activity of the parent protein domain. (wikipedia.org)
Head-to-tail fusions of Affibody molecules of the same specificity have proven to give avidity effects in target binding, and head-to-tail fusion of Affibody molecules of different specificities makes it possible to get bi- or multi-specific affinity proteins. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins are characterized by a high rate of extravasation and rapid clearance of non-bound tracer from the circulation, as well as other nonspecific compartments, when compared to antibodies and their fragments Affibody molecules can be used for protein purification, enzyme inhibition, research reagents for protein capture and detection, diagnostic imaging and targeted therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Here we present a new approach to incorporate single or multiple post-translational modifications or non-canonical amino acids into soluble and membrane proteins expressed in eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
This antibody and its recombinant constructs were able to recognize proteins of Loxosceles spider venoms with specificity. (bvsalud.org)
Among the available enzymes, the microbial transglutaminase (MTG) from the species Streptomyces mobaraensis has recently been recognized as an interesting alternative to conventional chemical conjugation of chemical entities to proteins including antibodies. (zedira.com)
The major antibody class found in the blood, IgG, has a remarkable persistence, with a serum half-life of 20-23 days, compared with only hours or a few days for other circulating proteins 5 . (nature.com)
Membrane proteins data analysis by cryoEM shows some specificities, as can be found in other typical investigations such as biochemistry, biophysics, or X-ray crystallography. (bvsalud.org)
Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)

Particularly in the field of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for therapeutic applications site-specific attachment of toxic compounds is a hot topic. (zedira.com)
Incorporation of four highly toxic drugs is, for example, particularly attractive for the generation of antibody-drug-conjugates where the drug load plays a decisive role in effective tumor killing. (zedira.com)
Specifically, the invention provides novel antibody conjugates suitable for use in Discrete Fluorescence Quenching Displacement Immunoassays and methods for producing these antibody conjugates. (trea.com)
The invention further relates to the use the novel antibody conjugates, and a kit comprising the same. (trea.com)

The lack of binding of mIgG to hFcRn explains why murine antibodies are rapidly removed from the circulation in humans, despite long half-life in mice 32 . (nature.com)

Although we previously reported an affinity maturation strategy in which the association rate of the antibody toward its antigen is improved by introducing a cluster of arginine residues into the framework region of the antibody, the detailed molecular mechanism responsible for this improvement has been unknown. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we introduced five arginine residues into an anti-hen egg white lysozyme antibody (HyHEL10) Fab fragment to create the R5-mutant and comprehensively characterized the interaction between antibody and antigen using thermodynamic analysis, X-ray crystallography, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. (bvsalud.org)
Our results indicate that introduction of charged residues strongly enhanced the association rate, as previously reported, and the antibody-antigen complex structure was almost the same for the R5-mutant and wild-type Fabs. (bvsalud.org)
In a preferred embodiment, a GEF-H1 polypeptide is provided that lacks the amino acid region between residues 162 and 354 of SEQ ID NO. 2. (justia.com)
They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. (lookformedical.com)

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are one of the leading vectors for gene therapy applications that deliver gene-editing enzymes, antibodies, and RNA interference molecules to eliminate viral reservoirs that fuel persistent infections. (biomedcentral.com)

In contrast to antibodies, Affibody molecules are composed of alpha helices and lack disulfide bridges. (wikipedia.org)

These particles or fragments contain conformational epitopes that are capable of binding to antiviral antibodies. (genomeweb.com)

Furthermore, vaginal IgG exhibiting virus neutralization and/or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) correlated with prevention of systemic infection. (biomedcentral.com)

Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors found in nearly all metazoan cell types, composed of non-covalently linked α and β subunits. (thno.org)

Disclosed is a process for preparing a pharmacologically active compound, in which at least one internal conjugation site of an Fc domain sequence is selected that is amenable to conjugation of an additional functional moiety by a defined conjugation chemistry through the side chain of an amino acid residue at the conjugation site. (patsnap.com)
An appropriate amino acid residue for conjugation may be present in a native Fc domain at the conjugation site or may be added by insertion (i.e., between amino acids in the native Fc domain) or by replacement (i.e., removing amino acids and substituting different amino acids). (patsnap.com)

The patent relates to peptide nucleic acid oligomers are conjugated with linear-type amino acids containing alkyleneglycols. (genomeweb.com)

Upon dissociation of the N-terminal fragment, the C-terminus of the GAIN domain acts as a tethered agonist (TA) peptide to activate the seven-transmembrane domain with a mechanism that has been poorly understood2-5. (stanford.edu)

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. (lookformedical.com)

In the compound, V is a vitamin that is a substrate for receptor-mediated transmembrane transport in vivo, or a vitamin receptor binding derivative or analog thereof, L is a divalent linker, R is a side chain of an amino acid, M is a cation of a radionuclide, n is 1 or 0, K is 1 or 0, and the compound can be in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor. (patsnap.com)
Through screening and profiling applications, libraries help researchers determine relevant antigen-antibody recognition sites, unravel enzyme-substrate specificity, or determine the sites responsible for receptor binding - particularly useful when studying pathogenic viruses. (proteogenix.science)

PNGase F digestion deaminates the asparagine residue to aspartic acid, leaving the oligosaccharide intact for further analysis. (neb.com)

The chip consists of a multilayer substrate that hosts virus-like particles or viral-capsid fragments from different viral strains or isolates that are covalently attached at different locations. (genomeweb.com)
The identification of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) able to neutralize a broad spectrum of primary HIV-1 isolates is highly important for understanding the immune response of HIV-1 infection and developing vaccines and therapeutics. (oncotarget.com)
however, ~20% of HIV-1-infected individuals do develop antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 isolates. (oncotarget.com)

Accordingly, the present invention envisions an isolated nucleic acid encoding the GEF-H1S polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2, as well as an isolated nucleic acid comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. (justia.com)
In another embodiment, serine-67 is present in a peptide of less than 30 amino acids that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 4. (justia.com)
In another embodiment, the peptide comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 4 is less than 25 amino acids in length. (justia.com)
In a more preferred embodiment, the peptide comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 4 is 18 amino acids long. (justia.com)
The derived amino acid sequence of Ov-phy-1 encoded a peptide that was most similar to the two Caenorhabditis elegans prolyl 4-hydroxylase homologues and to the isoform II enzymes of vertebrates. (embl.de)
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)

Affibodies conjugated to weak electrophiles bind their targets covalently. (wikipedia.org)

The antigen is adsorbed to polystyrene ELISA microtiter plates, or covalently coupled to magnetic beads. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)

Here we demonstrate that the same single-chain camelid antibody (nanobody) recognizing a grafted intracellular loop can be used to obtain cryo-EM structures of inactive-state GPCRs at resolutions comparable or better than those obtained by X-ray crystallography. (stanford.edu)
Their high binding specificity and affinity make them comparable to antibodies, but they are superior regarding a longer shelf life, simple production and chemical modification, in addition to low toxicity and immunogenicity. (encyclopedia.pub)
Two compounds, Compound 1 (1,4-dihydrophenanthrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid) and Compound 5 [8-(N-butyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-dihydrophenathrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid], with comparable potencies in vivo, were chosen to investigate the effect of the inhibition of the hydroxylation of newly synthesized uterine collagen on the turnover of this protein in vivo. (embl.de)

In another embodiment, an isolated nucleic acid encoding the GEF-H1 peptide of SEQ ID NO:3 is provided. (justia.com)
In similar fashion, one other embodiment provides an isolated nucleic acid encoding the GEF-H1 peptide of SEQ ID NO:4. (justia.com)
Nucleic acid-based aptamers were first described in 1990, where the first aptamers were in vitro selected using a random library of single-stranded oligonucleotides sequences [ 1 ] by a selection procedure known as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). (encyclopedia.pub)
Moreover, introducing chemical modifications into nucleic acid libraries increases the interaction capabilities of aptamers and thereby their target spectrum [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

However, despite recent technical achievements 1 , 2 , the type of chemical modification that can be accomplished by genetic means (e.g. amber codon suppression) is limited to incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) due to the tolerance of the cell's translational machinery. (biorxiv.org)

The HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins are produced as a 160 kDa polyprotein that is subsequently processed to yield virion-associated, trimeric complexes of non-covalently associated gp120-gp41 heterodimers [ 1 , 2 ]. (plos.org)

It is believed that the isolation and characterization of such broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from different HIV-1-infected donors are critical for understanding human B cell-mediated immune response to HIV-1 infection and for designing immunogens that can elicit bnAbs by vaccination. (oncotarget.com)

Our results suggest a possible effect of non- env HIV-1 genes on the interaction of Env and neutralizing antibodies and highlight the need to generate a library of IMCs representative of the HIV-1 subtype spectrum to be used as standardized neutralization assay reagents for assessing HIV-1 vaccine efficacy. (plos.org)

A linear amino acid spacer is also claimed that can be used for detecting a target gene by relying on PNA oligomers that are fixed on a surface of a functionalized solid support. (genomeweb.com)

Among various PRXs, PRX derivatives with a longer molecular length (35 kDa polyethylene glycol as the axile molecule) and a low total degree of substitution (1.5 amino groups/α-cyclodextrins), as well as the modified ratio of two modified amines (cystamine and diethylenetriamine) = ≈1:1, exhibited the highest genome-editing efficacy and intracellular dynamics control. (bvsalud.org)

Panagene of Daejeon, Korea, has received US Patent No. 8,450,469, "Synthesis of peptide nucleic acids conjugated with amino acids and their application. (genomeweb.com)
Obese and diabetic topics have raised plasma degrees of nonesterified essential fatty acids (NEFAs) and hyperglycemia, that are believed to trigger reduced insulin synthesis and impaired blood sugar responsiveness in pancreatic -cells, termed glucolipotoxicity [2] also, [3]. (cgp60474.com)

The MAN coating provided steric hindrance and heat denaturation destroyed recognition structures, successfully preventing anti-antigen antibody binding, indicating the NPs may avoid anaphylaxis induction. (bvsalud.org)

Split intein pairs comprise complementary N- and C-terminal intein fragments (Int N and Int C ) that assemble with extraordinary specificity and affinity to form an active intein. (biorxiv.org)

It was also recently shown that PARP-1 is a sensor of unligated Okazaki fragments during DNA replication 16 and cells deficient in ribonucleotide excision repair are sensitized to PARP inhibition 17 . (nature.com)
B cells produce antibodies: tags that stick to pathogens, marking them for destruction. (ishinobu.com)
B cells use unconventional strategies for the production of a seemingly unlimited number of antibodies from a very limited amount of DNA. (cipsm.de)
B cells are therefore particularly dependent on 'quality control' mechanisms to oversee antibody production. (cipsm.de)
X: any amino acid except Pro) present in newly synthesized protein in yeast and mammalian cells. (elifesciences.org)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. (lookformedical.com)

anti-human CEA rabbit polyclonal antibody purified from serum and prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide. (samatashkhis.com)
anti-human Caspase 3 rabbit polyclonal antibody purified from rabbit anti-serum by Protein A chromatography. (samatashkhis.com)

Because the affinity of an antibody to the antigen is critical for clinical efficacy of pharmaceuticals, many affinity maturation strategies have been developed. (bvsalud.org)

Additionally, homogeneous immunoassays only require one analyte specific antibody, which makes them suitable for detecting smaller biomarkers. (trea.com)

In this study, SiO2@NH2@cyanuric chloride (CNCl) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared by covalently incorporating CNCl onto the surface of SiO2 NPs. (bvsalud.org)

This assembly results in a spontaneous, essentially traceless splicing reaction that covalently links the two flanking protein segments through native chemical ligation 9 . (biorxiv.org)

From our experience as well as from others it seems, however, that only few glutamines typically fulfill these requirements 5 e.g. in antibodies, thus, making the MTG an attractive tool for site-specific and stoichiometric protein modifications. (zedira.com)

Upon illumination, antigen-antibody binding produces a detectable change in reflectance, the inventors claim. (genomeweb.com)
Self cleavage within the aGPCR auto-proteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain produces two protomers-N-terminal and C-terminal fragments-that remain non-covalently attached after receptors reach the cell surface1. (stanford.edu)

For the last two decades, our understanding of immunology exploded with the advent of technologies that allowed high throughput screening and generation of large molecule biologics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and small molecule compounds. (frontiersin.org)
Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), in contradistinction, combines the high tissue penetration of x-rays with specificity to periodic tissue nanostructures. (stanford.edu)
This antibody has a high affinity for CEA and shows no detectable reactivity to nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA), biliary glycoprotein (BGP) and human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. (samatashkhis.com)

An Affibody molecule consists of three alpha helices with 58 amino acids and has a molar mass of about 6 kDa. (wikipedia.org)
This FRET-based homogeneous immunoassay consists of a dark-quencher labeled antibody and a fluorescently labeled peptide. (trea.com)

B is a natural or unnatural nucleobase, wherein when said nucleobase has an exocyclic amino function, said function is protected by protecting group which is labile to acids but stable to weak to medium bases. (patsnap.com)

Consecutively, C4d is a stable split product remnant of classical complement activation and an established marker of antibody-mediated acute renal allograft rejection. (samatashkhis.com)

Consecutive pathway and cluster analysis led to the identification of biological processes, namely processes involving binding and processing of nucleic acids, LRP1-dependent endocytosis, and exosome formation. (degruyter.com)
In the field of immunodiagnostics, antibodies are used to quantify clinical biomarkers in complex biological samples like blood (Wild, 2013). (trea.com)

As with other antibody mimetics, the idea behind developing the Affibody molecule was to apply a combinatorial protein engineering approach on a small and robust protein scaffold. (wikipedia.org)

In early 1990s, the first-generation human neutralizing antibodies (b12, 2G12, 2F5 and 4E10) were isolated from clade B-infected individuals by phage display and electrofusion or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation-based techniques [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

The fully hydrated form of silica gel has distinct properties and is referred to as SILICIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)

Heterogeneous immunoassays use an antibody pair to capture and to detect the analyte (Wild, 2013). (trea.com)

The so-called Fluorescence Quenching Immunoassay uses two antibodies: one analyte specific antibody and one fluorophore specific antibody, whereby binding of the fluorophore specific antibody to the fluorophore reduces the fluorescence intensity. (trea.com)
By adding additional unlabeled analyte, via applying a sample, the steady state shifts and more fluorescence signal can be quenched by the fluorophore specific antibody. (trea.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms11

Chemicals and Drugs108

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment51

Phenomena and Processes73

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care4

Monoclonal antibody5

Peptides6

Affinity and specificity3

Epitope1

Proteins9

Conjugates4

Murine1

Residues5

Recombinant1

Molecules1

Epitopes1

ADCC1

Subunits1

Conjugation2

Peptide nucl1

Dissociation1

Carboxyl1

Receptor2

Residue1

Isolates3

Sequence6

Targets1

ELISA1

Comparable3

Nucleic acid4

Incorporation1

Glycoproteins1

Characterization1

Vaccine1

Oligomers1

Molecular1

Synthesis2

Recognition1

Pairs1

Cells5

Polypeptide1

Rabbit2

Maturation1

Suitable1

Successfully1

Reaction1

Typically1

Produces2

High3

Consists2

Weak1

Stable1

Biological2

Small1

Human1

Form1

Detect1

Specific2