Cortical imaging signal processing computer assisted. Medical search. Frequent questions

The major targets are granular insular cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex and several cortical areas in the cingulate sulcus. (jneurosci.org)
Instead, several cortical regions send signals to laryngeal muscles to create greater vocal finesse in some nonhuman primates. (sciencedaily.com)

ISLES 2022: A multi-center magnetic resonance imaging stroke lesion segmentation dataset. (uzh.ch)

The MEG (and EEG) signals derive from the net effect of ionic currents flowing in the dendrites of neurons during synaptic transmission. (wikipedia.org)
L1 has been localized to growth cones and processes of postmitotic developing neurons, where it mediates cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and axon bundling. (jneurosci.org)
An external computer translates the pattern of impulses across a population of neurons into commands to operate assistive devices, such as the DLR and DEKA robot arms used in the study now reported in Nature. (brown.edu)
Transneuronal transport of the H129 strain from cervical segments of the spinal cord consistently labeled neurons in multiple cortical areas of the contralateral hemisphere. (jneurosci.org)

Due to the cortical plasticity of the brain, signals from implanted prostheses can, after adaptation, be handled by the brain like natural sensor or effector channels. (wikipedia.org)

IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , 22(10):1185-1201, October 2003. (inria.fr)
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , 22(9):1120-30, September 2003. (inria.fr)

A method for finding the cortical surface of the brain from magnetic resonance images using a combination of fuzzy segmentation, isosurface extraction, and a deformable surface is presented. (jhu.edu)
PVC has sometimes been avoided due to increased noise sensitivity in image registration and segmentation, however, our results indicate that appropriate PVC may enhance the brain network structure analysis for AD progression and improve classification performance. (nature.com)
After semi-automatic signal segmentation had been applied to isolate flexion and extension cycles, features based on relative high-frequency components were generated. (easychair.org)
Specifically, our methodological contributions are applied in s everal clinical domains like neurosciences (foetal brain development, lesion segmentation and degenerative brain diseases) and in computer aided diagnostic and therapy in neurosurgery, oncology and radiology. (unil.ch)
She obtained her PhD degree in November 2003 for her work "Atlas-based Segmentation and Classification of Magnetic Resonance Brain Images. (unil.ch)
Quantitative characterization of the brain in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), has been performed using cortical and hippocampal segmentation and visualized on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (encephalitisjournal.org)

To characterize the effects of this signalling system on development of synaptic circuitry in barrel cortex, we have examined neuronal ultrastructure, synapse formation and dendritic spine morphology in PLC-beta1 knockout mice. (ox.ac.uk)
These observations indicate that the PLC-beta1 signalling pathway plays a role in the development of normal cortical circuitry. (ox.ac.uk)

Unlike learning methods, our Flexible Learning-free Reconstruction of Imaged Neural volumes (FLoRIN) pipeline exploits structure-specific contextual clues and requires no training. (springer.com)
Advances in tissue preparation and imaging technologies have allowed researchers to collect vast amounts of targeted structural data, potentially enabling new multi-resolution, multi-modal studies of neural volumes. (springer.com)
On this basis, we explored the olfactory neural pathways through both rsFC and DTI to examine the olfactory processing mechanism of IHH patients. (researchsquare.com)
Because the cingulate motor areas project to the primary motor cortex and to the spinal cord, these observations suggest that the neural substrate exists for the ST system to have an important influence on the cortical control of movement. (jneurosci.org)
This kind of parallel processing in our neural wiring might explain why humans are capable of highly sophisticated language that allows us to share information, express and perceive emotion, and tell memorable stories," said Strick, who also is scientific director of Pitt's Brain Institute. (sciencedaily.com)
Led by Christina M. Cerkevich, Ph.D., research assistant professor of neurobiology, the investigators compared in marmosets and macaques neural networks that are the origin of descending command signals to control monkey vocalizations. (sciencedaily.com)
But two of the premotor areas provided a substantially larger source of descending output in marmosets, leading the researchers to propose that the enhanced vocal motor skills of marmosets are due, in part, to the expansion of neural signaling from these premotor areas. (sciencedaily.com)

Partial volume effects caused by the limited spatial resolution of PET scanners degrades the quantitative accuracy of PET image. (nature.com)
The partial volume effect (PVE) is a phenomenon that degrades the quantitative accuracy of PET images. (nature.com)
My main research interests are related to quantitative analysis of medical imaging, driven by clinical and patient needs, and with the best possible integration of prior knowledge in this process. (unil.ch)
Andrzejak RG, David O, Gnatkovsky V, Wendling F, Bartolomei F, Francione S, Kahane P, Schindler K, de Curtis M . Localization of Epileptogenic Zone on Pre-surgical Intracranial EEG Recordings: Toward a Validation of Quantitative Signal Analysis Approaches. (univ-rennes.fr)

This approach generalizes across different modalities, including serially-sectioned scanning electron microscopy (sSEM) of genetically labeled and contrast enhanced processes, spectral confocal reflectance (SCoRe) microscopy, and high-energy synchrotron X-ray microtomography ( μ CT) of large tissue volumes. (springer.com)
Brain imaging techniques from microscopy such as serially-sectioned scanning electron microscopy (sSEM), high-energy synchrotron X-ray microtomography ( μ CT), and spectral confocal reflectance (SCoRe) microscopy provide high-quality images with nanoscale or single-neuron resolution. (springer.com)

Effective-connectivity analyses showed enhanced coupling of sensory-specific thalamic bodies with the affected cortical sites during enhanced detection of lower-intensity visual events paired with sounds. (nih.gov)

Machine learning algorithms from computer vision can serve as a pair of virtual eyes that tirelessly processes these images, automatically detecting and identifying microstructures. (springer.com)
We then review techniques for acquiring relatively high-resolution diffusion-sensitive MR images and computer-based algorithms that allow the generation of white matter fiber tract maps from the tensor data. (ajronline.org)
His focus is on the development and applications of new tracer kinetic modeling methods and algorithms and on research in PET image reconstruction and image quantification. (yale.edu)
These pixels are then processed via mathematical algorithms to be displayed on the viewing screen as an image that can be manipulated in various ways. (medscape.com)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) linked this to boosts in activity-levels for sensory-specific visual and auditory cortex, plus multisensory superior temporal sulcus (STS), specifically for a lower-intensity visual event when paired with a sound. (nih.gov)
Subject-by-subject psychophysical benefits correlated with corresponding fMRI signals in visual, auditory, and multisensory regions. (nih.gov)
For example, the location of functional activity obtained from positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and other methods can be mapped to the extracted cortical surface, providing a better understanding of brain function and organization. (jhu.edu)
All subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. (researchsquare.com)

Recent advances in medical imaging of the brain allow anatomical information derived from high resolution imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) to be fused with physiological information. (jhu.edu)

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the response of human V5/MT+ to increasing the proportion of coherent motion was measured in seven patients with unilateral V1 damage acquired during adulthood, and a group of healthy age-matched controls. (ox.ac.uk)

Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a valuable tool for research and diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). (nature.com)

Her PhD is focused on developing uncertainty and explainability strategies for AI methods to existing deep learning models for MR image analysis in Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis, such as white matter and cortical lesion detection and paramagnetic rim classification. (unil.ch)

The phospholipase C-beta1 (PLC-beta1) signalling pathway, activated via metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), is implicated in activity-dependent development of the cerebral cortex, as both PLC-beta1 and mGluR5 knockout mice exhibit disrupted barrel formation in somatosensory cortex. (ox.ac.uk)

It is noteworthy that comparable cortical regions in humans consistently display activation when subjects are acutely exposed to painful stimuli. (jneurosci.org)
Next, we performed a meta-analysis of imaging studies in humans and compared the sites of pain-related activation on the medial wall of the hemisphere with the sites of movement-related activation in the same region. (jneurosci.org)

These new findings suggest new roles for L1 in the mechanism of cortical dendrite differentiation, as well as in guidance of callosal axons and regulation of hippocampal development. (jneurosci.org)
Neuroinflammation has been suggested as a plausible mechanism of cortical thinning [ 4 ]. (encephalitisjournal.org)

Coupling strength between visual and auditory thalamus with cortical regions, including STS, covaried parametrically with the psychophysical benefit for this specific multisensory context. (nih.gov)
The architecture of the music, the rhythm and the timbre all created changes in brain processing through stimulation of the auditory pathways. (elixa.com)

Synapse loss and synaptic dysfunction are pathological processes already involved in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (iospress.com)
Interrupting this regulation leads to changes in synapse and dendritic spine morphology, possibly altering post-synaptic integration of signal. (ox.ac.uk)

DESIGN: We conducted 2 cross-sectional studies of amygdala volume, measured blind to diagnosis on high-resolution, anatomical magnetic resonance images. (virginia.edu)

A brain-computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a brain-machine interface (BMI) or smartbrain, is a direct communication pathway between the brain's electrical activity and an external device, most commonly a computer or robotic limb. (wikipedia.org)
27 were randomised to receive a robotic assisted UKA and 22 to receive a manual implant surgery. (easychair.org)
The robotic assisted group showed a significant increased range of motion in stance during walking. (easychair.org)
59% of the robotic assisted group achieved a bi-phasic sagittal knee moment, in comparison of 50% of the manual group. (easychair.org)
Significantly higher peak values of the varus knee and internal rotation moments were measured for the robotic assisted group during early and late section of the gait cycle, respectively. (easychair.org)
This indicates that larger normalised forces are applied through the knee during flat ground walking in the robotic assisted group. (easychair.org)
The robotic assisted group showed biomechanical benefits over the manual group for walking tasks. (easychair.org)
BrainGate participants have previously demonstrated neurally based two-dimensional point-and-click control of a cursor on a computer screen and rudimentary control of simple robotic devices. (brown.edu)
The study represents the first demonstration and the first peer-reviewed report of people with tetraplegia using brain signals to control a robotic arm in three-dimensional space to complete a task usually performed by their arm. (brown.edu)

Interestingly, although the altered input to the visual cortex would be expected to fundamentally disrupt signal integration, basic aspects of visual function are preserved, while others (binocular vision, visual acuity, fixation stability) are reduced ( Hoffmann and Dumoulin, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)

The image size was 256x240, zero padded to 256x256 with pixel dimensions of 0.9375x0.9375 mm. 124 axial slices were acquired with a slice thickness of 1.5mm. (jhu.edu)
Furthermore, preindicator-based pretreatment increased the correlation of mean cortical thickness of the entire gray matter between Atroscan and FreeSurfer, and data augmentation without preprocessing did not.Both preindicator processing and data augmentation improved the correlation coefficient from 0.7584 to 0.8165. (encephalitisjournal.org)

We performed supervised training of the CNN on the T1w images of control participants ( n = 1049) from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) repository and automatically generated algorithm-based optic chiasm masks. (frontiersin.org)
We measured evoked cortical responses while participants observed alternating sequences of self-face or other-face images (experiment 1) and self-body or other-body images (experiment 2), which were embedded in an identity-irrelevant task. (essex.ac.uk)

In the last 10-15 years, MR imaging techniques have been increasingly applied to the study of molecular displacement (diffusion) in biologic tissue [ 1 , 2 ]. (ajronline.org)
The ability to spatially map the diffusion of free water protons in vivo using 1 H MR imaging and the observation that the diffusion of free water protons is reduced in acutely infarcted brain tissue are responsible for the widespread use of these techniques in clinical imaging [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. (ajronline.org)
In this paper, we briefly describe the tensor theory used to characterize molecular diffusion in white matter and how the tensor elements are measured experimentally using diffusion-sensitive MR imaging. (ajronline.org)
Random motion of water molecules (diffusion) in the presence of a strong magnetic gradient results in MR signal loss as a result of the dephasing of spin coherence ( Fig. 1 ). (ajronline.org)
Diagram shows loss of intensity of MR signal (S, solid line ) resulting from inefficient rephasing of dephased spins because of displacement of water molecules (diffusion) between application of bipolar gradients ( G ). With decreased diffusion (reduced displacement of water molecules), rephasing process is more efficient and signal loss is predominantly caused by T2 decay ( dotted line ). (ajronline.org)
Adding diffusion-sensitizing gradients to an imaging sequence (spatial encoding) constitutes the basis for diffusion-weighted MR imaging. (ajronline.org)
Acquiring diffusion-weighted images with at least two different b values (commonly 20 and 1000 sec/mm 2 ) while keeping the TE fixed allows the determination of the ADC value for each image voxel ( Fig. 3 ). (ajronline.org)
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides measurements to investigate the integrity of white matter architecture in vivo. (researchsquare.com)

Historically, most attempts to model cortical visual responses do not consider the contribution of direct subcortical inputs that may bypass striate cortex, such as input to V5/MT+. (ox.ac.uk)
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) mediates the inhibition of defensive responses upon encounters of cues, that had lost their attribute as a threat signal via previous extinction learning. (nature.com)
The survival of an organism is hinged on its capacity to initiate defensive responses in the face of cues, that have previously been associated with threat-a process, referred to as fear memory recall [ 1 , 2 ]. (nature.com)

The hippocampus is an intricate region located in the medial temporal lobe of brain, which has been suggested playing an important role in cognitive learning and memory processes. (nature.com)
[1] [2] Applications of MEG include basic research into perceptual and cognitive brain processes, localizing regions affected by pathology before surgical removal, determining the function of various parts of the brain, and neurofeedback . (wikipedia.org)

Dr. Wismüller is widely known for clinical applications of his research, which most notably include a system for automatic analysis of chest radiographs, imaging biomarkers for breast cancer and brain tumor diagnosis, bone stability prediction in osteoporosis, and imaging assessment of neuroinflammatory disorders, such as MS. Dr. Wismüller attended medical school in Munich, with additional clinical training at Yale University. (rochester.edu)
Future Advances in Diagnosis and Drug Delivery in Interventional Radiology Using MR Imaging-Steered Theranostic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. (polymtl.ca)

Proper characterization of the PET image data is essential for modeling studies. (yale.edu)

In our approach, we use isosurface to provide initial estimation of the cortical surface. (jhu.edu)
An automatic iterative procedure which involves median filtering and isosurface is applied to generate topologically correct cortical surface estimation. (jhu.edu)

In June 2005 she joined the Biomedical Imaging Center (CIBM) as responsible of the SPC-CHUV Unit at the Radiology Department of the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV). (unil.ch)
In October 2019, she became the head section of the CHUV-UNIL Signal Processing module of the CIBM, named Computational Neuroanatomy & Fetal Imaging section . (unil.ch)

In December 1999, she joined the Computer Vision and Image Analysis Group at the Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5) as a Ph.D. student under the supervision of Prof. Jean-Philippe Thiran. (unil.ch)
During the master program, she developed an interest to applications of machine learning to medical imaging, and did several projects at Laboratory of signal processing 5 (LTS5) at EPFL. (unil.ch)

In this study, we have applied a method to evaluate the impact of a joint-entropy based partial volume correction (PVC) technique on brain networks learned from a clinical dataset of AV-45 PET image and compare network properties of both uncorrected and corrected image-based brain networks. (nature.com)
In his clinical practice, he serves as an Attending Radiologist for cardiothoracic and body imaging, including CT, MRI and ultrasound. (rochester.edu)
Based on his dual professional qualification in both science and medicine, his funded research focuses on developing and clinically evaluating cutting-edge machine learning, AI and health informatics technologies to expedite patient- and provider-centered image interpretation, clinical understanding, and efficient health care management - with the overall goal to improve patient health and well-being. (rochester.edu)

These findings are discussed in the light of recent predictive coding models of self-processing. (essex.ac.uk)

The history of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) starts with Hans Berger's discovery of the electrical activity of the human brain and the development of electroencephalography (EEG). (wikipedia.org)

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based image analysis tools to quantify the brain have become commercialized. (encephalitisjournal.org)
Diagnostic test accuracy of artificial intelligence-based imaging for lung cancer screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)

Photostimuable phosphor plates (PSPs) are digitally scanned prior to display, whereas the direct imaging sensors need no secondary step in processing prior to display on a computer monitor. (medscape.com)

There is a long-standing controversy about the cortical targets of this system. (jneurosci.org)

In particular, up to the present, LORETA is the only tomography (within the class of instantaneous EEG/MEG, 3D discrete, linear inverse solutions) that can recover fairly well superficial sources, and even deep sources if they have a signal power comparable to (or larger than) that of superficial sources. (icdrc.org)

The effects were always either greater power suppression in the hemisphere putatively most engaged in task processing or greater power in the opposite hemisphere. (virginia.edu)
We found that the ST system reaches multiple cortical areas located in the contralateral hemisphere. (jneurosci.org)

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Surgery Simulation and Soft Tissue Modeling , volume 2673 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Juan-les-Pins, France, June 2003. (inria.fr)

This is based on Dr. Carl Pribram's view of the brain and "the mind", which is that "the mind" is a process which runs parallel to physiological processes within the brain. (elixa.com)
These techniques are also applied on a pixel-by-pixel level to produce images of PET physiological and pharmacological parameters, such as blood flow and receptor binding. (yale.edu)

Intact and deficient contextual processing in schizophrenia patients. (epfl.ch)

showed that there are significant disruptions of whole-brain connectivity in amyloid-positive patients with MCI in typical cortical areas that highly connected with multiple other brain regions, such as precuneus, strongly overlapping with regional hypometabolism 12 . (nature.com)

An experiment using 18 liver metastases imaged before and after treatment with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor showed significant differences for surface area to volume ratio computed for extruded K trans and v e maps (p = 0.0013 and p = 0.045 respectively). (westminster.ac.uk)
Imaging is a dominant strategy for data collection in neuroscience, yielding stacks of images that often scale to gigabytes of data for a single experiment. (springer.com)
In experiment 1, the expected sequences were violated by deviant morphed images, which contained 33%, 66% or 100% of the self-face when the other's face was expected (and vice versa). (essex.ac.uk)
In experiment 2, the anticipated sequences were violated by deviant images of the self when the other's image was expected (and vice versa), or by two deviant images composed of pictures of the self-face attached to the other's body, or the other's face attached to the self-body. (essex.ac.uk)

Proceedings of 2021 IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Computer and Information Technology for Health, BECITHCON 2021). (ulster.ac.uk)

Different from μ CT X-ray and SCoRe, sSEM imaging provides a more comprehensive view of all neuronal structures within a given volume, allowing one to resolve fine-grained details such as dendritic spines and individual synapses. (springer.com)
Some neuronal circuit tracing studies are based on exhaustive manual proof-reading of results from an algorithm 10 , 11 , which, like the creation of ground-truth data, is not practical for datasets consisting of high resolution images or large volumes. (springer.com)

In one 2007 dental survey conducted by the American Dental Association, only 36.5% of dentists in the United States used digital imaging, and this was primarily for bitewing and periapical radiography. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] Nonetheless, awareness of the potential benefits of digital imaging generally and digital radiography specifically is increasing with each new technical innovation being introduced. (medscape.com)

MICCAI 2007: Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention - MICCAI 2007. (westminster.ac.uk)
BMC Medical Imaging. (westminster.ac.uk)
Medical Image Analysis , 7(4):475-488, December 2003. (inria.fr)
Dr. Wismüller has recently been elected and honored as a Senior Member of the International Society for Optics (SPIE) for his outstanding contributions to AI in medical imaging. (rochester.edu)
I believe that an appropriate use of medical imaging requires a multidisciplinary approach. (unil.ch)
Medical image analysis is in a crossroad with many other research fields such as electrical engineering, physics, mathematics, medicine fields and computer science. (unil.ch)
Her goal was to coordinate the fundamental medical image analysis research at EPFL with the needs of expertise in signal/image processing of physicians and researchers at CHUV. (unil.ch)
Medical Image Analysis, 84:102680. (uzh.ch)
That achievement is one of the advances in brain-computer interfaces, restorative neurotechnology, and assistive robot technology described in the May 17 edition of the journal Nature by the BrainGate2 collaboration of researchers at the Department of Veterans Affairs, Brown University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the German Aerospace Center (DLR). (brown.edu)

Activity-dependent regulation of synapse and dendritic spine morphology in developing barrel cortex requires phospholipase C-beta1 signalling. (ox.ac.uk)

This was source localised to face and body related visual, sensorimotor and limbic areas and had amplitude proportional to the amount of deviance from the self-image. (essex.ac.uk)
We used anterograde transneuronal transport of the H129 strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the Cebus monkey to label the cortical areas that receive ST input. (jneurosci.org)
Our meta-analysis of imaging studies indicates that the human equivalents of the three cingulate motor areas also correspond to sites of pain-related activation. (jneurosci.org)
In addition to M1, both kinds of monkeys had multiple premotor areas in the frontal lobe that send descending command signals to the cricothyroid muscle. (sciencedaily.com)

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. (ulster.ac.uk)

These advances have placed a priority on obtaining accurate reconstructions of the cortical surface, not only to provide valuable information on the geometric and anatomical properties of the brain but for other purposes as well. (jhu.edu)

Furthermore, extracted cortical surfaces may be used to study the morphological variability of the brain in aging and among different populations. (jhu.edu)

tradinb A tradjng longer period of monocular deprivation in an adult cat has little effect on ocular dominance (although overall cortical activity is diminished). (harekrishnaforex.com)
The brain's magnetic field, measuring at 10 femto tesla (fT) for cortical activity and 10 3 fT for the human alpha rhythm , is considerably smaller than the ambient magnetic noise in an urban environment, which is on the order of 10 8 fT or 0.1 μT. (wikipedia.org)

In 2006, he received a PhD degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the highest-ranked German engineering school, TUM, for a PhD thesis on a novel machine learning algorithm invented by him (XOM), for which he holds national and international patents. (rochester.edu)

Recently, image data with processing techniques and deep learning methods have been used for research in various ways. (encephalitisjournal.org)

Subject 'Computers Intelligence (AI) & Semantics. (stanford.edu)

Anatomy13

Organisms13

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment60

Psychiatry and Psychology11

Phenomena and Processes67

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Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

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Several cortical2

20221

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IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging2

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Diffusion8

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LTS52

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20211

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