AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Intraoperative CareIntraoperative PeriodMonitoring, IntraoperativeCerebral CortexIntraoperative ComplicationsPrefrontal CortexVisual CortexMotor CortexAuditory CortexSomatosensory CortexEntorhinal CortexBrain MappingMagnetic Resonance ImagingKidney CortexFrozen SectionsNeuronavigationPostoperative ComplicationsCerebellar CortexBlood Loss, SurgicalIntraoperative AwarenessSurgery, Computer-AssistedTreatment OutcomeAdrenal CortexNeuronsNeurosurgical ProceduresBrainTime FactorsRetrospective StudiesFrontal LobePhotic StimulationNeural PathwaysAnesthesia, GeneralIntraoperative Neurophysiological MonitoringFunctional LateralityImage Processing, Computer-AssistedProspective StudiesParietal LobeReaction TimeGyrus CinguliEvoked Potentials, SomatosensoryPreoperative CareParathyroidectomyLaparoscopyTemporal LobeEvoked Potentials, MotorPsychomotor PerformanceElectroencephalographyNerve NetAnesthesiaVibrissaeElectric StimulationEchocardiography, TransesophagealReoperationNeurosurgeryAnalysis of VarianceElectrodes, ImplantedPostoperative CareVisual PerceptionVisual PathwaysAcoustic StimulationTomography, X-Ray ComputedNeuronal PlasticityBlood Transfusion, AutologousPostoperative PeriodRats, Sprague-DawleySurgical Procedures, Minimally InvasiveSentinel Lymph Node BiopsyFollow-Up StudiesCatsModels, NeurologicalCholangiographyAction PotentialsSurgical Procedures, OperativeOccipital LobeCardiopulmonary BypassCraniotomyStereotaxic TechniquesIndocyanine GreenMacacaMemoryPerioperative CareRats, Long-EvansSensitivity and SpecificityOxygenTranscranial Magnetic StimulationHemostasis, SurgicalDominance, CerebralCardiac Surgical ProceduresHepatectomyBrain NeoplasmsPostoperative HemorrhageFeasibility StudiesDiagnostic Techniques, SurgicalBlood TransfusionNeural InhibitionMovementEvoked PotentialsPain, PostoperativePhacoemulsificationOperative Blood Salvage
ContralateralFunctionalCentral sulcusEpileptogenicStimulationElectrocorticographyAwakeNeurophysiologicLocalizeIONMCortical regionsStimuliResectionCerebralCranialDysfunctionSurgicalNeurologicalAfferentFacialMovementsEndoscopicProcedureExaminationPrimaryBrainInvasiveRiskNerveVisualAreasPainPatientIncreaseLong-termPatientsPersonImportantSurgeryGive
Contralateral3
  • In general, somatosensory stimuli evoke early cortical components (N25, P60, N80), generated in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1), related to the processing of the physical stimulus attributes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Preliminary data in motor and language mapping cases shows large (~0.5oC) positive thermal activation of contralateral motor cortex and language regions that have strong agreement with DES. (northwestern.edu)
  • We found a decrease of CBV connected to an increase of HbR within the contralateral primary sensory cortex (SI) in patients that were prolonged (30 s/15 s) electrically stimulated. (tu-dresden.de)
Functional9
  • for accuracy, we compared the results of functional imaging with those of intraoperative mapping. (ajnr.org)
  • Functional activation of the cerebral cortex creates a robust increase in local temperature by increasing blood flow and metabolism because of neurovascular coupling. (northwestern.edu)
  • Changes in surface brain temperature while an awake patient performs a motor, sensory, or language task can be used to infer spatial patterns of activity to create functional maps. (northwestern.edu)
  • This project investigates a new method of intraoperative functional mapping based on infrared thermography, which has high resolution (~100 micron) and simultaneously monitors the entire exposed brain surface without risk for seizures. (northwestern.edu)
  • The functional status of the facial nerve is monitored by recording EMG of the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi muscles. (entokey.com)
  • Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is a powerful technique that provides increased functional knowledge during surgical operation, which results in the safer removal of a radical tumor [9, 16]. (neurorgs.net)
  • Based on our experience, Awake craniotomy is a technique designed to preserve the eloquent cortex and improving our knowledge of the functional structure of brain centers. (ejournals.ca)
  • The Spetzler-Martin grading system (S-M) was proposed to grade and predict morbidity and mortality of operative intervention, where AVMs with S-M Grade I or II have been considered safe for surgical resection [19, 20], however the classification scores 0 or 1 for eloquence of cortex, for its simplicity does not incorporate the use of functional studies and treatment of AVMs locating in these areas remained controversial. (researchsquare.com)
  • Therefore, for lesions around or in the eloquent cortex, functional mapping must be performed [1]. (researchsquare.com)
Central sulcus1
  • Phase reversal using the cortical grid was used to recognize the central sulcus, motor and sensory cortex. (ejournals.ca)
Epileptogenic2
  • In the 20th century, Wilder Penfield-who was one of the pioneers in neuroscience-developed a technique of intermittent sedation and analgesia to facilitate intraoperative identification of epileptogenic foci and their excision. (wfsahq.org)
  • The Intraoperative Mapping System will be developed and tested on glioma patients, as tumors have relatively static impact on brain temperature compared to epileptogenic foci and vascular malformations. (northwestern.edu)
Stimulation6
  • Intraoperative electrical stimulation of the brain and cognitive monitoring of the awake person is the ''gold standard'' for cortical and subcorticalmapping of vital neurological functions, such as motor, sensory, speech, and cognitive cortices. (wfsahq.org)
  • AC is also used to minimise anaesthesia-induced interference during surgeries requiring intraoperative electrocorticography, such as duringexcision of epileptic foci, or to confirm the location of implanted electrodes during deep brain stimulation procedures during microelectrode recording and macro-stimulation. (wfsahq.org)
  • Currently, direct electrical stimulation (DES) is the most commonly used method of intraoperative surgical mapping, which identifies functionally critical brain regions so they are not resected. (northwestern.edu)
  • In this study, we investigated the temporal characteristics of cortical hemodynamic responses following electrical, tactile, visual, and speech activation for different stimulation paradigms using Intraoperative Optical Imaging (IOI). (tu-dresden.de)
  • Contrary to electrical stimulation, prolonged tactile as well as prolonged visual stimulation are provoking increases in CBV within the corresponding activated areas (SI, visual cortex). (tu-dresden.de)
  • As such, BCI must be distinguished from sensory prosthetics (eg, retinal or cochlear implants), from brain imaging methods used for diagnosis (eg, EEG for the diagnosis of sleep disorders or epilepsy), and from brain stimulation neuromodulation approaches. (medlink.com)
Electrocorticography1
  • However, BCI studies usually utilize standard techniques for monitoring brain electrical activity, EEG or electrocorticography (ECoG), in patients who undergo temporary electrode placement surgically, eg, for assessing suitability for epilepsy surgery. (medlink.com)
Awake3
  • B and C) Gadolinium-enhanced coronal (B) and axial (C) MR images demonstrating a large multilobulated, contrast-enhancing … Emergent right parasagittal awake craniotomy with stereotaxy guidance, cortical activation to localize the primary motor and sensory cortex, and access through an enlarged and electrically silent gyrus were undertaken for the purpose of SB 218078 diagnosis and debulking. (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • Awake patients allow for more precise brain mapping and superior clinical neurologic monitoring, which facilitates resection by defining the safe margins without an increased risk. (researchsquare.com)
  • Patients also like to know regarding latest and advanced treatment options for brain tumor surgery like intraoperative neuromonitoring, awake craniotomy, ultrasonic aspirator, microsurgery, endoscopic surgery for brain tumors. (hyderabadneurosurgeon.co.in)
Neurophysiologic2
  • These factors make effective and safe anesthesia care challenging: blood loss can be rapid and profuse, and frequently utilized neurophysiologic monitoring requires adjustments in anesthetic technique, all of which usually occur during a variety of positions, usually the prone position. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring of cranial nerves enables the surgeon to confidently operate on offending lesions with continuous feedback on the integrity of cranial nerves. (entokey.com)
Localize2
  • SEPs are routinely used in neurology today to confirm and localize sensory abnormalities, to identify silent lesions and to monitor changes during surgical procedures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The anatomical landmarks used to localize eloquent cortical regions can be imprecise, and these areas are subject to considerable variability in the location of both motor and language cortex [4]. (researchsquare.com)
IONM3
  • El Dr. Rafael García de Sola y su equipo analizan en este artículo como la monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria (IONM) puede ser útil durante la cirugía para maximizar la resección tumoral, mientras tanto ayuda a evitar déficits neurológicos y, por tanto, a mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. (neurorgs.net)
  • Fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) exhibits a potential risk of permanent neurological deficits that can be minimized using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM). (neurorgs.net)
  • A one-day symposium is also held on many of the different modalities in clinical neurophysiology like IONM, NCS, long-term monitoring in epilepsy, etc. (aset.org)
Cortical regions2
  • About 100 ms after stimulus application, additional cortical regions are activated, such as the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), and the posterior parietal and frontal cortices, marked by a parietal P100 and bilateral frontal N140. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cortical regions are divided into sensory, motor and association areas. (hyderabadneurosurgeon.co.in)
Stimuli1
  • SEP components include a series of positive and negative deflections that can be elicited by virtually any sensory stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
Resection1
  • Radical but subtotal resection of the tumor was undertaken, with intraoperative monitoring of left-side motor function. (researchtoactionforum.org)
Cerebral1
  • The ascending pathway transmits impulses from the spiral organ (of Corti) to the cerebral cortex (see the following image). (medscape.com)
Cranial2
  • During endoscopic skull base surgery, EMG can be used for monitoring of any cranial nerve with motor function including cranial nerves III-VII and X-XII. (entokey.com)
  • The vestibular and cochlear (acoustic) ganglia neuroblasts are derived almost exclusively from the otocyst epithelium, in contrast to other cranial sensory ganglia in which both ganglionic and neural crest placodes make extensive contributions to the neuroblast populations. (medscape.com)
Dysfunction6
  • Beyond and below the cortex: the contribution of striatal dysfunction to cognition and behaviour in neurodegeneration. (gov.gy)
  • The endpoints used were pain relief according to the Barrow Neurological Institute pain score and facial sensory dysfunction. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • however, facial sensory dysfunction was a favorable indicator for pain relief. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The authors also found that having a higher dose of radiation to the brainstem correlated with sensory dysfunction. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • However, the rate of facial sensory dysfunction is higher for the second treatment. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Interestingly, for repeat treatments, sensory dysfunction appears to correlate with pain relief. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Surgical2
  • OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative navigation reduces the risk of major complications and increases the likelihood of optimal surgical outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most obvious advantage is the elimination of the sensory capacity to feel pain during the surgical procedure, which might otherwise be unbearable. (news-medical.net)
Neurological1
  • AVMs located in the motor and language cortex are associated with significant risk of neurological deterioration, especially in patients presenting with unruptured AVMs and minimal or no neurological deficits. (researchsquare.com)
Afferent1
  • By combining SEP recordings at different levels of the somatosensory pathways, it is possible to assess the transmission of the afferent volley from the periphery up to the cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Facial3
  • EMG was first used intraoperatively in the 1960s for the monitoring of facial nerve function during exploratory parotid surgery. (entokey.com)
  • For transclival approaches to prepontine or cerebellopontine angle pathologies, the facial nerve, vagal nerve, accessory nerve, and hypoglossal nerve may additionally be monitored. (entokey.com)
  • Despite the fact that the rate of facial numbness is higher with a second treatment, the authors also point out that rhizotomies also carry a significant risk for facial sensory changes. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Movements2
  • Most often, the awareness is short-lived, and a person is only aware of vague sensory experiences such as sounds, touches, or movements. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Sensory areas receive input through the senses, motor areas control movements. (hyderabadneurosurgeon.co.in)
Endoscopic1
  • Because of their relative frequency of use in endoscopic skull base surgery, EMG monitoring of the extraocular muscles will be a particular focus of this chapter. (entokey.com)
Procedure1
  • It is performed by an anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist, a specially trained doctor or nurse who will also monitor a patient's vital signs and rate of breathing during the procedure. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Examination1
  • Sternal fracture is defined as discontinuity of sternal cortex at any part of the cortex palpated on examination and seen by imaging techniques such as CXR and CT chest. (biomedcentral.com)
Primary1
  • Its activation followed by the phosphorylation of downstream effectors causes hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion. (bvsalud.org)
Brain3
  • The ability to monitor brain electrical and chemical activity in real time and with noninvasive or minimally invasive techniques is crucial for both the understanding of nervous system functioning in health and disease and the development of effective treatment options for those disorders. (medlink.com)
  • Moreover, the ability to restore the diseased nervous system to an intact and normal-functioning state or substitute lost function with brain-actuated assistive devices is crucially dependent on techniques to translate that monitoring information into effective treatment modalities, ie, to stimulate brain tissue and modulate brain activity. (medlink.com)
  • BMI is at present predominantly a research lab endeavor, an evolving field where techniques and materials at the micro to nano level are utilized to better monitor and modulate brain function with increasing precision. (medlink.com)
Invasive2
  • We try to place all invasive type of monitoring first and only then give Plavix to try to minimize hemorrhagic complications. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Again at this point and in most situations, all invasive monitoring would be in. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Risk1
  • More frequent respiratory monitoring is recommended because of the risk of late-onset respiratory depression. (medscape.com)
Nerve1
  • It measures the conduction of the visual pathways from the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic radiations to the occipital cortex. (medscape.com)
Visual2
  • The visual evoked potential (VEP) tests the function of the visual pathway from the retina to the occipital cortex. (medscape.com)
  • These results suggest that early visual cortex up to the stage of MT is not sufficient for the perception of global visual motion. (jneurosci.org)
Areas1
  • Electrodes placed on the scalp pick up both SEPs generated in the cortex and thalamocortical fibers (which are picked up as near-field responses located in restricted areas) and far-field positivities reflecting the evoked activity generated in peripheral, spinal and brainstem somatosensory fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Pain1
  • Syringomyelia is marked clinically by pain and PARESTHESIA, muscular atrophy of the hands, and analgesia with thermoanesthesia of the hands and arms, but with the tactile sense preserved (sensory dissociation). (lookformedical.com)
Patient2
  • Very rarely, a patient may experience unintended intraoperative awareness. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The anesthesiologist (i.e. the physician-specialist responsible for administering anesthesia) ensures that the patient has a secured airway, all physiological monitors are properly functioning and maintenance and resuscitation agents are at hand. (news-medical.net)
Increase1
  • Moreover, this gamma band exhibits an eightfold increase in top-down information processing (thought to be a key element of consciousness) and fivefold increase in bottom-up information flow (thought to represent sensory information processing) at near death. (typepad.com)
Long-term2
Patients1
Person1
  • Amnesia is necessary for reducing and/ or eliminating intraoperative recall, because the average person is not able to withstand the thought of being cut up or cut into, despite not feeling it or seeing it. (news-medical.net)
Important1
  • It is also important to note that the macula projects to the occipital pole, whereas the rest of the retina projects to the mesial calcarine cortex. (medscape.com)
Surgery1
Give1
  • Despite tremendous advances in neuroscience research, it is still unclear how neuronal representations of sensory information give rise to the contents of our perception. (jneurosci.org)