• Cooperation, Fairness, and Rational Altruism in the Making of the Modern Living Standards. (aehe.es)
  • The Case of Maresme (1853-2022)Cooperation, Fairness, and Rational Altruism in the Making of the Modern Living Standards. (aehe.es)
  • Animals have been shown to exercise altruism and to appreciate fairness. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • 1999. A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • 2006. The Economics of Fairness, Reciprocity and Altruism - Experimental Evidence and New Theories. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • On July 9th, 2014, Nick Bostrom gave a talk on Crucial Considerations and Wise Philanthropy at Good Done Right, a conference on effective altruism held at All Souls College, Oxford. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • Cases of animals helping individuals to whom they are closely related can be explained by kin selection, and are not considered true altruism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even scientists working in various fields - especially evolutionary psychologists - argue that altruism is not what it seems to be, and that true altruism as we tend to think about it does not exist in the human animal. (equaltimeforfreethought.org)
  • When apparent altruism is not between kin, it may be based on reciprocity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutualism (reciprocity and cooperation) and parental manipulation may produce beneficent behavior resembling that produced by kin selection. (uchicago.edu)
  • Selfishness and altruism. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Kin-selection theory outlines certain limits to selfishness as well as the conditions under which altruism is advantageous. (uchicago.edu)
  • Along with many other biologists of the 1970s, including George C. Williams, William D. Hamilton, John Maynard Smith, Richard Dawkins and even David Sloan Wilson in his early writings, E. O. Wilson assumed that social cooperation (read altruism) was greatly constrained by the inherent "selfishness" of living organisms. (skeptic.com)
  • Wilson even parroted Hamilton's early contention (though both theorists later changed their views) that there are only three categories of social behavior: altruism, selfishness (meaning actions that exploit another organism) and "spite. (skeptic.com)
  • Accordingly, Wilson and many other theorists assumed that group selection in favor of cooperation/ altruism would work only if it could overcome the countervailing pressure of individual selection, which would inevitably favor selfishness, cheating and spite. (skeptic.com)
  • Altruism in this sense is different from the philosophical concept of altruism, in which an action would only be called "altruistic" if it was done with the conscious intention of helping another. (wikipedia.org)
  • The existence of altruism in nature is at first sight puzzling, because altruistic behaviour reduces the likelihood that an individual will reproduce. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cooperation is altruistic in the sense that the individual, which is not the target of the predator, helps the members of the group attacked by the predator and during defensive action the helper individual may also die in any attack. (science20.com)
  • Strong altruism (altruistic punishment). (elte.hu)
  • Biologically speaking, humans were designed for cooperation, but only with some people . (newstatesman.com)
  • Research in evolutionary theory has been applied to social behaviour, including altruism. (wikipedia.org)
  • The origin and the evolutionary stability of cooperation between unrelated individuals is one of the key problems of evolutionary biology. (science20.com)
  • The emergence of cooperation is a central question in evolutionary biology. (cdc.gov)
  • The term altruism was coined by the French philosopher Auguste Comte in French, as altruisme, for an antonym of egoism. (wikipedia.org)
  • In between, the author discusses economics as a collective institution and affirms the relationship between altruism and progress and egoism and poverty. (webwire.com)
  • One should take into account certain sentiments altruism and egoism that will affect group relationships. (webwire.com)
  • Latouche (above): 'We need to replace egoism with altruism. (newint.org)
  • We need to replace egoism with altruism, competition with co-operation and obsessive performance with leisure. (newint.org)
  • These findings provide insight into the value, as well as the limits, of behavioral strategies and emotion signals for cooperation. (nature.com)
  • Conducting a macro study in the Maresme region using data from the Contribution Territorial, which includes 5,412 agricultural farms, 2,537 owners, and 13 municipalities (1853-1864), we find levels of rational altruism approaching 50%, confirming recent evidence from experimental economics studies. (aehe.es)
  • Experimental cooperation: economics and neural correlates. (elte.hu)
  • The focus of this study is to establish an institutional economics framework of interorganizational cooperation specific to supply chain management. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The Scope of Cooperation: Values and Incentives ," The Quarterly Journal of Economics , Oxford University Press, vol. 123(3), pages 905-950. (repec.org)
  • Economics is a collective institution and a dose of altruism is necessary for economic development. (webwire.com)
  • Chapter 5 Collective Institutions, Altruism, and Economics should be of particular interest to readers as this chapter expounds economics as a collective institution and examines the relationship between altruism and economic growth and the said sentiment s role and impact in an all-inclusive economy. (webwire.com)
  • Morality evolved to enable cooperation, but this conclusion comes with an important caveat. (newstatesman.com)
  • The reason for the emergence of cooperation is that if the predator does not kill a mate of a cooperative individual, then the survival probability of the cooperative individual will increase in two cases. (science20.com)
  • Examples of mutualism, commensalism, and altruism. (grisda.org)
  • A synthesis of current ideas on the evolution of insect sociality shows how mutualism, parental manipulation, and kin selection could all have operated, either in conjunction or independently, to produce extreme altruism (worker sterility) starting with different kinds of primitice groups. (uchicago.edu)
  • Models inconsistent with altruism cannot explain the evolution of human cooperation. (york.ac.uk)
  • In this target article, I discuss the emergence and evolution of group-level traits and the implications for the theory of cultural evolution, including ramifications for the evolution of human cooperation, technology, and cultural institutions, and for the equivalency of multilevel selection and inclusive fitness approaches. (cambridge.org)
  • The evolution of reciprocal altruism. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Reciprocal altruism-temporary altruism with the expectation of more than compensating future aid (reciprocation) on the part of the beneficiary-requires meticulous contemporaneous controls on cheating and is therefore probably restricted to intelligent animals, the only documented example being in man. (uchicago.edu)
  • Topics concerning sociobiology and behavioural ecology are arranged according to the three areas of life: 1) positive area (social behaviour, living in a group, cooperation, altruism, eusociality), 2) negative area (aggression, territoriality and conflict) and 3) sexual interactions (social systems, mate choice, parental behaviour). (cuni.cz)
  • Gossip and ostracism promote cooperation in groups: is this article complete? (stanford.edu)
  • Public goods dilemmas are common in nature and society, so there is much interest in identifying general principles that promote cooperation. (cdc.gov)
  • and examine new ways to strengthen compassion, cooperation, collaboration, and achievement in children and teens. (stanford.edu)
  • In general, cooperation is favored for small diffusion rates, low colony dimensionality, and small rates of decay of the public good. (cdc.gov)
  • However, from two chimps picking the fleas off each other to thousands of worker ants toiling for the good of the colony, cooperation is fairly widespread in nature. (cdc.gov)
  • Values evolve gradually over time, and if the quality of external enforcement is chosen under majority rule, there is histeresis: adverse initial conditions may lead to a unique equilibrium path where external enforcement remains weak and individual values discourage cooperation. (repec.org)
  • Kin-selection theory (Hamilton's "genetical theory") explains how aid that is self-sacrificing (in terms of classical individual fitness), or "altruism," can evolve if sufficiently beneficial to relatives. (uchicago.edu)
  • The iterated prisoner's dilemma has been used to study human cooperation for decades. (nature.com)
  • This is a review of a recent article, cooperation in Defense against a predator , in the Journal of Theoretical Biology by Jozsef Garay of the Research Group of Theoretical Biology and Ecology of Hungarian Academy of Sciences. (science20.com)
  • Indeed, in the introduction to his massive tome, Wilson made the surprising assertion that altruism was "the central theoretical problem" of sociobiology. (skeptic.com)
  • 1982. Rational cooperation in the finitely repeated prisoners' dilemma. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Our main findings are: (1) In terms of the direct effects, there is no evidence of a "democracy premium" (i.e., cooperation level is higher under the institutions chosen via a democratic rule than when the same institutions are chosen via a non-democratic rule). (repec.org)
  • In biology, altruism refers to behaviour by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing the fitness of themselves. (wikipedia.org)
  • 9) Microbial, experimental models of the evolution of cooperation and the appearance of multicellular prokaryotes. (elte.hu)
  • Tangible temptation in the social dilemma: Cash, cooperation, and self-control. (york.ac.uk)
  • Understanding human cooperation is of major interest across the natural and social sciences. (ssrn.com)
  • As a corollary, I argue that the traditional focus on cooperation as the defining feature of human societies has missed an essential feature of cooperative groups. (cambridge.org)
  • Human cooperation has been shown to offer a survival advantage to individuals and groups. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • This theory poses a new paradigm to explain the uneven adoption of interorganizational cooperation practices in the industrialized, newly industrialized, and post-communist societies. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Indeed, the lack of collective institutions reflects the lack of altruism in African societies. (webwire.com)
  • First, Wilson presupposed that cooperation and social organization in nature were based on altruism. (skeptic.com)
  • Hamilton's rule describes the benefit of such altruism in terms of Wright's coefficient of relationship to the beneficiary and the benefit granted to the beneficiary minus the cost to the sacrificer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most research on cooperation has implicitly assumed that a person's behavior in one cooperative context is related to their behavior in other settings, and at later times. (ssrn.com)
  • The intuitive cooperation hypothesis revisited: A meta-analytic examination of effect-size and between-study heterogeneity. (york.ac.uk)
  • The Scope of Cooperation: values and incentives ," Working Papers 328, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University. (repec.org)
  • The idea that group selection might explain the evolution of altruism was first broached by Darwin himself in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, (1871). (wikipedia.org)
  • Altruism, group selection and correlated interaction. (philpapers.org)
  • This article on US/China cooperation and competition in cyberspace is an interesting lens through which to examine security policy. (schneier.com)
  • As with the evolution of faster carnivores, competition is essential for the evolution of cooperation. (newstatesman.com)
  • It's day one of a meeting on the evolution of conflict and cooperation , and exchanges are fierce. (newscientist.com)
  • Specific cases of altruism are discussed with attention to costs and benefits in orden to show how kin selection can operate even among quite distant relatives. (uchicago.edu)
  • Subordinant behavior among primates and other animals living in groups of relatives may sometimes represent a kind of altruism that is advantageous (in terms of inclusive fitness) to the subordinant individual, providing the subordinant individual is a reproductively inferior relative of the dominant individual and contributes sufficiently to the dominant individual's reproduction. (uchicago.edu)
  • Traditional models of cooperation assume that interacting with one cooperator is equivalent to interacting with any other. (cambridge.org)
  • This theory develops a framework using the causal relationships of interorganizational trust, individualism and collectivism, and JIT/TQM on interorganizational cooperation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Previous theory suggests that spatial structure can promote evolution of cooperation, but the diffusion of public goods introduces new phenomena that must be modeled explicitly. (cdc.gov)
  • We find that the success of cooperation depends on a simple relation between the benefits and costs of the public good, the amount retained by a producer, and the average amount retained by each of the producer's neighbors. (cdc.gov)
  • The fate of cooperation in this 'diffusible public goods dilemma' depends on the spatial arrangement of cells, which in turn depends on their shape and the spacing between them. (cdc.gov)
  • The model predicts that cooperation is favored when the diffusion rate is small, when the colonies are flatter, and when the public goods decay slowly. (cdc.gov)
  • Strong, bold, and kind: Self-control and cooperation in social dilemmas. (york.ac.uk)
  • But it is unclear to what extent cooperation is actually a general concept. (ssrn.com)
  • Facultative altruism is temporary loss of direct fitness (with potential for indirect fitness gain followed by personal reproduction). (wikipedia.org)
  • Our moral brains evolved for cooperation within groups , and perhaps only within the context of personal relationships. (newstatesman.com)
  • Yet, Christakis reminds us that this personal altruism occurred while leaders even in wealthy countries failed to fully provide necessary protective equipment ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Our results indicate that these effects are mostly mediated by participants' expectations of cooperation made from the counterpart's strategy and emotion, but also by the participants' emotional experiences during the interaction. (nature.com)
  • Cooperation in worship is impossible, says the author. (webwire.com)