• to seek clarification, and then I did my own examination of the scientific literature about sex differences in humans, including influential books and essays about the "fluidity" of sex and gender. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • Irrespective of the genetic, metabolic, biological and environmental circumstances in which a minority of individuals cannot unambiguously be attributed with a physiological sex that is unambiguously either male or female, there is without a doubt a male/female binary in humans, across time (history) and space (locality), where the male or female sexes correspond to distinct sets or groupings of physiological differences. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • Variability in the said physiological differences, and border uncertainty about which physiological attributes contribute to resolving sex, are not valid reasons to deny that there is a clear male/female bimodal distribution of a (variable) set of (variable) physiological attributes, fundamentally linked to natural reproduction. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • Comparing the parotid gland tumors with all other salivary gland locations, there were no important differences in risk by sex, age, or ethnicity. (stopumts.nl)
  • Increasing evidence suggests that such sex differences also exist during fetal development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the last 20-30 years, the clinical and research communities have become increasingly aware of the importance of accounting for sex differences in both the etiology and treatment of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with SCI compared with the general population, though there is a paucity of evidence on sex differences. (ubc.ca)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health inequity as "differences in health status or in the distribution of health resources between different population groups, arising from the social conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. (nonprofitquarterly.org)
  • The Hunter-Gatherer Theory of Spatial Ability suggests that the adoption of a hunter-gatherer lifestyle (assuming a sexual division of labor) created differential selective pressure on the development of spatial skills in men and women and, therefore, cognitive differences between the sexes. (nationalaffairs.com)
  • Here, we examine a basic spatial skill - wayfinding (the ability to plan routes and navigate a landscape) - in men and women in a natural, real-world setting as a means of testing the proposition that sex-based differences in spatial ability exist outside of the laboratory. (nationalaffairs.com)
  • We conclude that experience, gendered patterns of activity, and self-assessment are contributing factors in producing previously reported differences in spatial ability. (nationalaffairs.com)
  • 5. Are there differences in the distribution of these comorbidities among age groups and sexes? (edu.au)
  • In the early years, sex, age, and education were the three most important characteristics, but in later years, firm tenure became the most important one, followed by education and establishment size. (kdi.re.kr)
  • The impact of each worker characteristic can be decomposed into price effect (the sensitivity of wage inequality to a marginal change in worker characteristics) and distribution effect (the impact of changing distribution of worker characteristics across wage quintiles). (kdi.re.kr)
  • In addition to the price, the distribution of worker characteristics across wage quintiles have had important impact on wage inequality. (kdi.re.kr)
  • Within this context, we constructed a prognostic model of ERS-related genes, combining the risk scores in the model with clinical characteristics (age, sex, staging, etc.) to establish a nomogram, and found its performance in estimating patient survival was excellent. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2 The estimates in this release include the number of persons, their income from Wages and salaries, and characteristics such as age, sex and occupation. (abs.gov.au)
  • An androgen is a sex hormone that contributes to the development of what are thought of as "male" sex characteristics , such as body hair. (healthline.com)
  • It and DHT are androgens, or hormones that contribute to male sex characteristics when you go through puberty. (healthline.com)
  • In the cases of tenure and establishment size, distribution contributed significantly to increasing inequality. (kdi.re.kr)
  • The compositional shift in sex among the elderly in households contributes significantly to the decline in household health and the increase in household food expenditure over time. (hindawi.com)
  • The enthesitis score contributed significantly to variance in the BASDAI and BASFI. (bmj.com)
  • Drospirenone and estetrol also produced significantly lower increases in sex hormone-binding globulin compared with two other contraceptives containing ethinyl-estradiol. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated environmental and biological factors significantly contribute to the diet composition of whales. (nafo.int)
  • Environmental and occupational exposure to air pollution, radon, UV radiation, chemical carcinogens, asbestos and other risks contributes significantly to the high burden of cancer in Europe. (europa.eu)
  • However, neither serum sex steroids nor lipid levels were measured in these studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The significance of these RR computations was assessed by drawing samples randomly from the genealogical database matched for age, sex, and geographical distribution. (nih.gov)
  • Patients in this database broadly represented the United Kingdom (UK) population by age, sex, area-level deprivation, and geographical distribution. (news-medical.net)
  • ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate inequalities in the geographical distribution of human and physical resources in the health sector of Kermanshah province, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
  • We calculated total costs by applying the respective attributable costs to the incident cases, accounting for sex, year of diagnosis and annual disease-specific mortality rates. (canada.ca)
  • We restricted the data to 73,122 children aged 4 to 17 years for whom we had valid data on sex and ADHD diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • They recommend that countries with high HIV prevalence address transactional sex directly within existing HIV prevention and intervention programs. (umd.edu)
  • We compared the prevalence of ADHD medication by sex at each age by using 2 tests and Wald F tests. (cdc.gov)
  • Covariate factors used to find determinant factors were demographic factors like age, sex, ethnicity, area deprivation, and geographical regions. (news-medical.net)
  • Methods A total of 758 Anniston residents had multiple hypertension and blood pressure suggests that PCB measurements of blood pressure, provided information on exposure may be an important contributing factor in demographic factors, medications, smoking, and exercise, regulation of blood pressure. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, this retrospective study explores the relationship of body mass index (BMI), visceral fat volume (VAV) and subcutaneous fat volume (SAV) and serum levels of sex steroids and lipids in patients with endometrial cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study shows that serum estradiol is correlated with BMI and other fat-distribution measures in postmenopausal endometrial cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore the aim of this study was to explore the relation between BMI, visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes and serum levels of sex steroids and lipids in endometrial cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. (nih.gov)
  • Gender inequality contributes to young women's involvement in transactional sex: increasing by 50 percent the risk of being infected with HIV and carrying along other determinants of participation, "unequal customary and legal rights, uneven distribution of wealth and opportunities for its accumulation, and women's lower levels of social and political power. (umd.edu)
  • However, the distinction between "sex" and "gender" has not always been well understood or acknowledged by those of us engaged in public health surveillance. (who.int)
  • Sex refers to the biological and physiological factors that define males and females, while gender refers to socially constructed roles and attributes that a particular society considers appropriate for men and women. (who.int)
  • 1 While both sex and gender factors contribute to reported surveillance data, their full contributions are often not recognized. (who.int)
  • When such data are then used to ascertain sex/gender differential in disease risk without caution, the complete picture behind the observed distribution may be missed or misinterpreted. (who.int)
  • A commonly cited risk factor for the disease is male sex/gender, 2 and an excess of male leptospirosis cases observed in surveillance data is often ascribed to occupational/recreational exposures associated with male gender. (who.int)
  • However, it is often unknown how this observed distribution may be affected by sex differentials in disease severity or gender differentials in health care-seeking behaviour/access ( Figure 1 ). (who.int)
  • To assess how gender disparity contributes to the overall risk of noncommunicable disease in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
  • It has been postulated that genetic host factors may have contributed to this high mortality. (nih.gov)
  • Further, how SMI in racial minorities contributes to excess mortality risk after COVID-19 remains unknown. (news-medical.net)
  • The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has nationally comprehensive longitudinal mortality data that can contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of HP. (cdc.gov)
  • Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) by usual industry and occupation adjusted for age, sex, and race, were based on data from 26 states reporting industry and occupation during 1985-1999. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2019, Discovery Health published a risk adjustment model to determine standardised mortality rates across South African private hospital systems, with the aim of contributing towards quality improvement in the private healthcare sector. (who.int)
  • The population estimate at any given time point starts with a population base (the last decennial census or the previous point in the time series), adds births, subtracts deaths, and adds net migration (both international and domestic).3 The individual methods we use account for additional factors such as input data availability and the requirement that all estimates be consistent by geography and age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. (cdc.gov)
  • That environmental factors - including culture and the violence or authoritativeness of the local social dominance hierarchy - affect both natural reproduction and the said set of sex-differentiating physiological attributes does nothing to invalidate the sex binary in human society. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • Leaving questions of self-identity aside, which are largely cultural, it appears that the idea that there is no binary male/female sex divide in humans is simply a vast overstatement of the fact that many other things also occur in the genital and metabolic physiology of a minority of individuals. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • In the case of sex, light manufacturing (most notably textiles, apparel, and leather products) had provided low-pay blue-collar jobs for the mass of female workers. (kdi.re.kr)
  • Given that it is generally more reliable to estimate the change of a larger population, we begin by estimating the monthly population at the national level by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. (cdc.gov)
  • Both epidemiological evidence and intervention efforts have been hampered by confusion over the definition and approach to measuring transactional sex. (umd.edu)
  • Some of the known risk factors for cancer, such as age, sex and family history, are intrinsic to the individual and cannot be modified, whereas others can be partially modified (see Table 1). (europa.eu)
  • 6,7 Several European studies have found that, while the incidence of leptospirosis is higher in men, there is no sex difference in leptospirosis seroprevalence, indicating that there may be sex differentials in the clinical manifestation of leptospirosis. (who.int)
  • BD and JM contributed equally to this work and are co-first authors. (jci.org)
  • SB and RW contributed equally to this work and are co-senior authors. (jci.org)
  • Functional characterization of the identified regions found relationships between methylation at these loci and nearby genetic variation contributing to chronic painful TMD and with gene expression of proximal genes. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Drawing from this founding population of individuals with largely French ancestry, we selected 1007 individuals to determine mechanisms by which genomes, the environment, and their interactions contribute to phenotypic variation. (nature.com)
  • Overall, age, breed, and sex predicted very little of the variation seen in HRQL scores. (frontiersin.org)
  • CCA also explained the distribution patterns of whales in relation to SST, chlorophyll a concentration and geographical variation. (nafo.int)
  • As for sex, the relative demand for male workers declined in all periods and particularly in the second and third periods, and accordingly their relative wage fell. (kdi.re.kr)
  • Participants are eligible if they are 18 years of age or over, assigned as male at birth, have had anal sex with men, are living with HIV, are willing to apply for the HIVST kit at ART clinics, and are willing to provide personal contact information for follow-up. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These associations were sex-dependent, suggesting that in utero arsenic exposure differentially impacts male and female fetuses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the SCI population, the sex distribution is disproportional with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1. (ubc.ca)
  • Sex hormones in the body are believed to be the most significant underlying factor behind male pattern hair loss. (healthline.com)
  • All of the above-mentioned disorders contribute to metabolic syndrome and are related to the development of type 2 diabetes and ischaemic heart disease. (hindawi.com)
  • and the role of sex-steroid hormones in anxiety, affective, eating and psychotic disorders. (novapublishers.com)
  • This shift may have contributed to changes over time in specific diagnoses. (stopumts.nl)
  • Seshamani and Gray [ 7 ] using a multicountry study which includes England and Wales, Canada, Japan, and Australia show the extent to which changes in population growth, demographic shift, and changes in age pattern contribute to changing health expenditure. (hindawi.com)
  • Further, the paper examines whether change in the sex composition of the elderly in households contributes to a change in health and food expenditure. (hindawi.com)
  • The inherent influence of age on the various aspects of an individual's life has tremendous implications for health care and food expenditure, more so with the changing household age and sex composition resulting from the demographic transition. (hindawi.com)
  • Household age-sex composition also determines the pattern of intrahousehold allocation of expenditure. (hindawi.com)
  • associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of hyper- hypertension, after adjustment for age, race, and sex [11] . (cdc.gov)
  • Sex-specific factors play a major role in human health and disease, including responses to environmental stresses such as toxicant exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the molecular basis for these sex-specific responses to arsenic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Police in Vienna proactively referred trafficking victims for care and collaborated with NGOs to improve their ability to spot indicators of sex trafficking, but referral was ad hoc and reliant on certain victim-sensitive officers. (wikipedia.org)
  • We calculated national, state-based, and sex -by-age rates of these 2 indicators. (cdc.gov)
  • Transactional sex likely accounts for a higher proportion of HIV cases than previously appreciated because earlier work did not separate transactional sex from sex work or casual partnerships without transactions," the researchers say. (umd.edu)
  • Finally, to reduce the burden of new infections in young women, the researchers call for "greater emphasis on the role that transactional sex plays in HIV risk. (umd.edu)
  • Further, reports suggest that individuals with SMI have an excess death risk due to COVID-19 and other causes and, generally, have a higher risk of hospitalization, with concerns that pre-existing conditions might contribute to this (excess) risk. (news-medical.net)
  • All data in this report are based on assigned sex at birth. (cdc.gov)
  • These data on introduced mouse ecology and invertebrate distribution on Antipodes Island contribute to the body of knowledge on Southern Ocean islands. (springer.com)
  • Modification in growth factors, excessive collagen, genetic and immunological factors contribute in keloid formation. (scirp.org)
  • http://www.partnershipfortomorrow.ca ) is a cohort comprising over 315,000 Canadians, and captures over 700 variables, ranging from longitudinal health information to environmental exposures, to determine genetic and environmental factors contributing to chronic disease. (nature.com)
  • Awareness and scholarship of the history and contemporary practice of video and media art through distribution, education, and preservation. (vdb.org)
  • In a STRIVE report, "Transactional Sex and HIV Risk: From Analysis to Action," Dr. Stoebenau and her colleagues provide a deep analysis of young women's engagement in transactional sex and discusse policy options and principles of engagement about transactional sex in the light of HIV prevention. (umd.edu)
  • In the cases of sex and age, both price and distribution played important roles in reducing inequality. (kdi.re.kr)
  • The distribution of cases by age, sex, or tumor type did not change substantially during this time. (stopumts.nl)
  • The estimated population size is about 2,000 birds and their breeding distribution is subdivided into several local areas, in each of which they may be at risk of local extinction. (bioone.org)
  • To complement the deterministic model, we developed an individual-based stochastic population model in which each of the individuals produced a variable number of offspring and survived one year with certain probabilities that were drawn from estimated distributions of age-specific clutch size and survival rates. (bioone.org)
  • Rapid population aging in the United States will contribute to a rise in the number of people living with chronic conditions, including dementia , in the coming decades. (prb.org)
  • The age structure for the Latino population has a pyramidal shape, with many young people at the base and fewer older adults at the top, while the age distribution of the white population is more cylindrical in shape, with a bulge near the top representing baby boomers. (prb.org)
  • Whatever the population, wherever the place, whenever the period, sex has been an essential demographic variable for surveillance. (who.int)
  • Targeted efforts to reduce contamination during food handling at multiple points in the food processing and distribution system, including food preparation in restaurants and institutional settings, could prevent many foodborne disease outbreaks and outbreak-related illnesses including those due to Shigella . (cdc.gov)
  • The racial distribution was 70.1% Caucasian, 19.5% Black or African American, 4.8% Asian, 0.9% American Indian or Alaska native, 0.4% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and 4.2% other. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine their relationship with arsenic exposure and with key developmental genes, after stratification by fetal sex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, this study suggests that AQP9 may play a role in the sex-specific effects of in utero arsenic exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exposure to air pollution, carcinogenic chemicals, radon, UV radiation and second-hand smoke together may contribute over 10% of the cancer burden in Europe. (europa.eu)
  • Reducing environmental and occupational risks for cancer requires an understanding of their nature, sources, magnitude, routes of exposure, effect and distribution. (europa.eu)
  • Generally, inequalities in the distribution of health care resources were lower at the end of the study period, although there was potential for more equitable distribution of pharmacists, specialists, health houses and beds. (who.int)
  • Sampling method, study design and sex were considered in the analysis. (who.int)
  • The objective of this study was to estimate 2007 rates of medication treatment of ADHD, by state and sex-stratified age. (cdc.gov)
  • Owners considered 2,959 dogs (3-95 months) to be "in perfect health" and these were used to explore the relationship between age, sex, breed and HRQL in apparently healthy dogs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although progress has been made, issues such as poverty, lack of functioning public health infrastructure, lack of funding to support basic research aimed at developing new drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines, and the co-epidemic of HIV contribute to the ongoing epidemic of TB (See Epidemiology ). (medscape.com)
  • The body odours of many vertebrates (including human beings) are known to provide information about individual identity, sex, reproductive status and health to other members of the same species [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The rate was 21.2 for males and 4.6 for females based on assigned sex at birth (Table 1). (cdc.gov)
  • A total of 26 on-treatment pregnancies occurred in 1,524 females contributing 12,763 at-risk cycles. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Eligible participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of two groups: standard secondary distribution group and secondary distribution group with monetary incentives. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Death rate time-trends were calculated using a linear regression model and geographic distribution of death rates were mapped by state and county. (cdc.gov)
  • Such distribution across classes occurs and is hormonally driven, in societies and cultures in which the dominance hierarchy does not strictly interfere with reproduction in classes of individuals. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • Transactional sex, thus, is associated with HIV risk factors such as having multiple sexual partners, intimate partner violence, abuse, alcohol consumption, and lack of condom use. (umd.edu)
  • Diagnoses-all age groups for both sexes (Figures 3a/b and Table 1). (cdc.gov)
  • Mice live-trapped on grids were more abundant in dense coastal tussock (147 mice/ha) compared to inland plateau grasslands (59 mice/ha), with a significant effect of age, but not sex, on both capture probability and range size. (springer.com)
  • Given that the age of consent in Missouri is as low as fourteen , that means that high schoolers can consent to sex - but they can't read about it. (thefire.org)
  • The conducted studies have revealed that it is necessary to determine the adipose tissue distribution in the organism. (hindawi.com)
  • Few studies have evaluated interventions to enhance the implementation of secondary distribution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Three studies contribute to the literature on dominance and nonverbal behavior (Ellyson & Dovidio, 1985) by examining how a man's choice to shave his head influences person perception. (nationalaffairs.com)
  • The size and shape of your head may also contribute to how quickly DHT shrinks your follicles. (healthline.com)
  • Human services CBOs contribute to the development of policies to improve the human capital of our nation. (nonprofitquarterly.org)
  • the remaining 33% were recorded as overlapping or not otherwise specified (ICD.C 08.8, 08.9).1 Our results for sex, age, site, tumor type, and rate per year are similar to those reported in the literature. (stopumts.nl)
  • COVID-19 contributed to the largest two-year drop in U.S. life expectancy in nearly 100 years , from 78.8 years to 76.1 . (prb.org)
  • Page 2 of 5 of children taking medication for ADHD treatment by state and sex-stratified age. (cdc.gov)
  • The more accurately the current state of a patient can be described, seeks to contribute towards improving the methodology, reporting the more accurate prediction becomes. (who.int)
  • VAV is assumed to be metabolically more active than SAV, and is involved in production of cytokines and release of free fatty acids that contribute to inflammation and alterations in insulin metabolism associated with metabolic syndrome and risk of EC [ 8 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adiponectin production is stimulated by thiazolidinedione agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and may contribute to increased insulin sensitivity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Furthermore the effects of environmental variability on their distribution and induced feeding habits are becoming important for understanding the ecosystem and development of habitat modelling (Redfern et al . (nafo.int)
  • but distribution shall be fair and the total may not exceed the amount for this purpose held in the National Sharing Fund. (beyondweird.com)
  • In that case, Butler v. Michigan , the Court struck down a Michigan law that prohibited the distribution of publications that contributed "to the corruption of the morals of youth. (thefire.org)
  • We hope this report contributes to resolving some of that confusion, as well as enables effective combination intervention efforts that account for the structural drivers of transactional sex, along with interpersonal and individual-level approaches," Dr. Stoebenau said. (umd.edu)