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Osmolar ConcentrationGuanfacineIoxaglic AcidMannitolAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AntagonistsDiuresisHypertonic SolutionsAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AgonistsNaltrexonePrazosinIdazoxanQuinoxalinesAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsKidneyContrast MediaBlood Urea NitrogenReceptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2SodiumSodium ChlorideNatriuresisGlomerular Filtration RateAdrenergic alpha-AntagonistsWaterPotassiumRats, Sprague-DawleyAltitudePapua New GuineaTibetNew GuineaArchivesCompetitive BehaviorOxygen
Hypo-osmolarIonicOsmolalityNonionicIntravenousIodineOsmolarityNephropathyTransientHumansOsmoticSerum creatinineReactionsUrineHighDehydrationMediaRenalSoluteAgentsScanAgentEnhancementRiskVolumeDeterminationDoseResistanceGuidelinesSodiumParticlesPatientsSolutionHigherAdministrationStudiesMediumLowerRapidWater
Hypo-osmolar1
  • Both RF and WST11 based CXL significantly increases resistance to enzymatic digestion, with similar effect for hypo-osmolar and hyperosmolar (dextran enriched) formulations. (arvojournals.org)
Ionic8
  • Therefore, at a given iodine concentration, nonionic monomers have approximately one half the osmolality of ionic monomers in solution. (medscape.com)
  • The current non-ionic, low osmolar iodinated RCM, are much less likely to cause reactions than the older, ionic high osmolar RCM. (allergy.org.au)
  • Previous reactions to RCM, which increase the likelihood of a recurrent reaction by up to 60%, although many cases will have occurred following exposure to older ionic high osmolar RCM. (allergy.org.au)
  • Cells and body fluids are normally in osmotic equilibrium and have an osmolality of about Addition of ions to them in the form of ionic contrast agents can alter osmolality (the adverse effects, particularly the loss of water from cells, especially blood cells. (johogo.com)
  • Ionic monomeric contrast agents are known as high osmolar contrast agents and are not much used nowadays because of the risk of adverse effects. (johogo.com)
  • Since the are non-ionic contrast agents and therefore do not dissociate in solution. (johogo.com)
  • High osmolar contrast agents are categorized by origin supratentorial versus in pn admixtures for glycemic control has not received any routine medications, diatrizoate and metrizoate are ionic. (easternpropane.com)
  • Reactions to contrast media are likely due to the high osmolar or ionic content of the actual dye. (suzycohen.com)
Osmolality7
  • High-osmolality contrast media consist of a tri-iodinated benzene ring with 2 organic side chains and a carboxyl group. (medscape.com)
  • The osmolality is related to some of the adverse events of these contrast media. (medscape.com)
  • The osmolar gap between true and the calculated osmolality, is made up of unmeasured substances like ketoacids. (bmj.com)
  • This is in contrast to urea, which is not osmotically active) Osmolality, osmolar gap and ketone bodies are not measured routinely during the management of DKA. (bmj.com)
  • Osmolality and osmolar gap were not measured, nor was ketone body levels studied (Personal communication Glaser N ). Our studies demonstrates that the ketone level is probably a 'relevant variable ' that needs to be estimated before we can be certain that rapid decrease in extra-cellular osmolality did not occur. (bmj.com)
  • 12]. Other risk factors for the development of contrast-induced AKI are diabetes mellitus (DM), high blood pressure, heart failure, old age, volume deficit, hemodynamic instability, myeloma, concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs, and high volume or high osmolality of CM [13, 14]. (celebwnew.com)
  • In recent years, concerns about nephrotoxicity associated with high-osmolality contrast media (HOCM) have led to more widespread use of low- and iso-osmolality contrast agents in diagnostic imaging procedures. (peterdsteinberg.com)
Nonionic4
  • At normally used concentrations, 25-76%, nonionic monomers have 290-860 mOsm/kg. (medscape.com)
  • The nonionic monomers are the contrast agents of choice. (medscape.com)
  • Contrast agents use in cardiac CT is a low osmolar or isomolar, nonionic agent with a iodine concentration between 300 and 400 mg / mL is injected. (radtechonduty.com)
  • Verywell health tip of white l, nonionic contrast. (myjuicecup.com)
Intravenous3
  • Whereas noncontrast abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans have become the imaging modality of choice, in some situations, renal ultrasonography or a contrast study such as intravenous pyelography (IVP) may be preferred. (medscape.com)
  • Gadopentate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) was the first contrast medium approved for intravenous use in MR imaging studies, and a high level of safety and tolerance has been proved in its clinical use. (ajnr.org)
  • Isotonic intravenous contrast and bioengineering of the anti-dizziness drugs, general, lee sh. (myjuicecup.com)
Iodine3
  • This effect varies with CM osmolarity and viscosity, with high osmolarity iodine-based contrast media (HOCM) causing maximal damage. (celebwnew.com)
  • Coordinated improvement in the activation of iodine-containing contrast induced nephropathy. (myjuicecup.com)
  • 5) If you have a documented allergy to shellfish, or to contrast media used during imaging tests (MRIs, CTs), that is not an allergy to iodine. (suzycohen.com)
Osmolarity1
  • The osmolarity is the total concentration in all dissolved substances and can be used to describe the overall tonicity water. (microbiologynote.com)
Nephropathy2
  • Hossain MA , Costanzo E , Cosentino J , Contrast-induced nephropathy: pathophysiology, risk factors, and prevention . (avma.org)
  • Those concerns have largely focused on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), the commonest and most important complication of the use of iodinated radiocontrast material. (peterdsteinberg.com)
Transient1
Humans2
  • The maximal plasma concentrations in humans occur within 1 hour after ingestion. (cdc.gov)
  • The straight red line (linear dose response) is, in contrast, what is usually assumed that any increase beyond that believed to exist before humans arrived is necessarily bad for Mother Earth. (drroyspencer.com)
Osmotic1
  • If there is no tendency for water or osmotic pressure to move across the membrane, it means that the concentrations of both solutes are equal. (microbiologynote.com)
Serum creatinine2
  • Breaks in the line graphs for dog 1 (between days 8 and 18) and dog 2 (between days 5 and 13) represent interims between the point of hospital discharge and recheck evaluation when concentrations of serum creatinine were not obtained. (avma.org)
  • This three-stage severity classification system is based on changes in serum creatinine (SCr) concentration and urine output (UOP). (beds.ac.uk)
Reactions4
  • and be prepared to promptly recognize and manage any reactions to the contrast media. (medscape.com)
  • It is important that all nurses, radiographers and medical practitioners who administer RCM are trained in the recognition of contrast reactions, the procedures for treating these reactions (including anaphylaxis), and resuscitation procedures (including CPR). (allergy.org.au)
  • Inhibition of enzyme systems may cause adverse reactions due to higher than expected drug concentrations. (johogo.com)
  • Mosquito bites cause for acute doses of adverse reactions to significantly increased uptake of vascular compartment within the contrast enhancement. (myjuicecup.com)
Urine1
  • The goals of her 11-month investigation are to determine (a) if urine color (U COL ), an inexpensive and practical tool, is a valid means of monitoring body water balance and (b) if U COL in 24 h and single samples accurately determines urine concentration. (karger.com)
High4
  • MRI offers advantages of excellent soft tissue contrast with high spatial resolution and lack of ionizing radiation. (waocp.com)
  • It can move from high to low concentrations of solutes. (microbiologynote.com)
  • One solute, such as silicon, can take many water molecules to dissolve, while another could be completely dissolved in high concentrations. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Studies in patients at very advanced stages of CKD in whom contrast is administered to assess vascular access pre-dialysis have shown that kidney function for these high-risk patients does not decline if less than 20 ml of contrast agents are infused with the venography. (peterdsteinberg.com)
Dehydration2
  • In contrast, no clear threshold or plausible mechanism(s) support the marginal, but potentially important, impairment in strength, and power observed with dehydration. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, mild dehydration has no impact on the performance of mental tasks by healthy young adults, but impairs their mood considerably. (karger.com)
Media9
  • Since their introduction in the 1950s, organic radiographic iodinated contrast media (ICM) have been among the most commonly prescribed drugs in the history of modern medicine. (medscape.com)
  • A number of clinical practice guidelines are available regarding safe and effective practices for the use of iodinated contrast media. (medscape.com)
  • Most cardiac CT protocols require the IV administration of iodinated contrast media. (radtechonduty.com)
  • Patients with allergy to iodinated contrast media, patients with renal failure or on dialysis and patients with acute abdominal trauma were excluded from the study. (waocp.com)
  • Nonsegmental, he might feel a compensatory β-cell response 4 p, i was done when you to contrast media. (myjuicecup.com)
  • CIN has been variably defined as a condition characterized by kidney dysfunction following exposure to radioiodinated contrast media when no other explanation such as hypotension or sepsis can be implicated. (peterdsteinberg.com)
  • 1] However, recent observations have called into question the specificity of the diagnosis, as up to 20% of patients who are hospitalized with cardiac disease and who never receive contrast media may also have a spontaneous rise in SCr equal to that seen in patients diagnosed with CIN. (peterdsteinberg.com)
  • Recent studies suggest that very large doses of contrast media may increase the risk of CIN, and that there is likely a low dose that does not convey such a risk. (peterdsteinberg.com)
  • Contrast media (CT-CON and IsoCOR randomized controlled trials). (stanford.edu)
Renal4
  • 1987). In contrast, the mean half-life is significantly longer in infants - 19.3 hours (range: 10.8-30.5 hours) - because of decreased renal elimination (Lim et al. (cdc.gov)
  • The main risk factor associated with contrast-induced AKI is pre-existing renal impairment [5]. (celebwnew.com)
  • 2,3] Nonetheless, since SCr is the only currently available measure of renal function, clinicians must employ the standard of an unexplained rise in SCr following contrast administration as evidence of CIN. (peterdsteinberg.com)
  • Other risk factors have been proposed including patient age, dose of contrast agent, poor cardiac function, multiple exposures to contrast agents over a brief duration, use of pharmacologic agents that tend to cause renal vasoconstriction, extracellular volume depletion, and certain diseases such as multiple myeloma. (peterdsteinberg.com)
Solute1
Agents4
  • Classification of iodinated contrast agents by their molecular structures. (medscape.com)
  • An additional definition related to contrast agents used during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been proposed for AKI. (celebwnew.com)
  • Several experimental studies have demonstrated the medullary vasoconstriction that results from the administration of contrast agents. (peterdsteinberg.com)
  • While contrast agents may induce medullary ischemia in any subject, only certain individuals are at risk for CIN. (peterdsteinberg.com)
Scan2
  • Adding contrast to the CT scan study may sometimes help clarify a difficult or confusing case, but, in general, contrast obscures calcific densities, and, as such, contrast scans are usually indicated only during subsequent evaluation of patients with stones. (medscape.com)
  • The volume of contrast agent used per examination varies from 70 to 150 mL, depending on the scan protocol, the scanner type used, and the patient's weight. (radtechonduty.com)
Agent1
  • Low osmolar contrast agent with concentration of 240 mg/ml is preferable in this study. (wikipedia.org)
Enhancement2
  • Non-contrast and Contrast Enhanced CT was performed and masses were evaluated with respect to site of origin, consistency, components and pattern of enhancement. (waocp.com)
  • 3 , 4 Despite good anatomic demonstration of brain and spine tissue and CSF, there are still a number of pathologic conditions in which CSF contrast enhancement may be beneficial, including assessment of continuity and outline of subarachnoid spaces, abnormal CSF collections and leakage, arachnoid cysts, 5 or as a means to study CSF dynamics. (ajnr.org)
Risk1
  • This variability in overfill - when carrier solutions are used to dilute other parenteral preparations - may lead to variable concentrations and dosing, hence, potential risk for patients. (bvsalud.org)
Volume3
  • In contrast, isoproterenol increases the cardiac index primarily by increasing the heart rate while stroke volume changes little or declines. (drugs.com)
  • To ensure the right dose, it is recommended to pre-select the preferred diluent, evaluate fill volumes of carrier solutions, and assess in-use compatibility of the product solution with its diluent in terms of concentration and volume. (bvsalud.org)
  • Associated volume of a low, to p450scc needed concentration camps. (notinovedades.com)
Determination1
  • The determination of the concentration of a given component in solution (the analyte) by addition of a liquid reagent of known strength (the titrant) until an equivalence point is reached (when the reactants are present in stoichiometric proportions). (lookformedical.com)
Dose1
  • im dose: 230 450 mg gave results is important to present antigens to which administered in error, they had compare and contrast rubeola and rubella infections vaccines discuss congenital rubella syndrome outward to the carbonyl group. (thehasse.org)
Resistance1
  • In contrast, IMCD cells cultivated at 900 mosm/kg had low transepithelial resistance, anion selectivity, and claudin-19 was relocated from the tight junctions to intracellular vesicles. (uni-luebeck.de)
Guidelines1
  • For the most recent guidelines the administered oxygen concentration and dosing information are available. (easternpropane.com)
Sodium1
  • neostigmine each ml of the 1:2000 concentration contains neostigmine methylsulfate 0.5 mg/ml, methylparaben 1.8 mg and propylparaben 0.2 mg (used as preservatives), in water for injection q.s.ph (range 5.0 6.5) adjusted, when necessary, with sodium hydroxide 1 ml usp 5 ml ampoule 32 midazolam inj. (tendersinmaharashtra.com)
Particles1
  • Diffusion refers to the movement of particles from one region with a higher concentration to another. (microbiologynote.com)
Patients1
  • This is o en characterized by erythema and swelling and pain are not necessarily apply to patients regimens after cardiac surgery days ago fexofenadine by mouth daily spironolactone mg by mouth. (easternpropane.com)
Solution2
  • Tonicity refers to the difference in concentration between a solution and another. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Concentration refers to the concentration of solutes that are dissolved in a solution. (microbiologynote.com)
Higher1
  • The subject is tilted 40 degrees with head higher than the legs, in order to delay the flow of contrast medium from the foot to the thigh. (wikipedia.org)
Administration1
  • At the end of the procedure, the needle is flushed with normal saline to reduce the chances of getting phlebitis due to administration of contrast medium. (wikipedia.org)
Studies1
  • Although intrathecal CT cisternography with water-soluble iodinated contrast medium has been used, very few studies have dealt with the intrathecal use of gadopentate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA), though it appears superior to CT. (ajnr.org)
Medium6
  • Low osmolar contrast medium with concentration of 300 mg/ml is used. (wikipedia.org)
  • 40 ml of contrast medium is injected by hand. (wikipedia.org)
  • Then, another 20 ml of contrast medium is injected. (wikipedia.org)
  • Valsalva maneuver is performed to delay the flow of contrast medium into the thigh. (wikipedia.org)
  • Then, the subject is tilted in head down position and Valsalva maneuver is relaxed for contrast medium to flow into the pelvis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both radionuclide cisternography and CT with intrathecal water-soluble iodinated contrast medium (CT myelography) have been used for this purpose but still have limitations and use ionizing radiation. (ajnr.org)
Lower1
Rapid1
  • With such rapid injection rates, radiologic technologist must be particularly vigilant in guarding against contrast extravasation. (radtechonduty.com)
Water1