The saccular macula is an elliptical thickened area of sensory epithelium that lies on the anterior vertical wall of the saccule. (medscape.com)
In ears without MD, the Reissner's membrane and the membranous wall of the saccule were thinner than that of the utricle and of the lateral semicircular canal ( p (bvsalud.org)
Cochlear duct4
It consists of an anterior chamber and the cochlear duct, which subserves hearing and connects by way of the round saccule with the peripheral vestibular apparatus. (medscape.com)
The membranous labyrinth is located within the bony labyrinth, and it includes two sacs (utricle and saccule), three semicircular ducts, and the cochlear duct. (anatomy.app)
The vestibulocochlear apparatus contains two types of receptors located in the inner ear: the organ of Corti for receiving the sound stimulus - located in the cochlear duct, and the receptors of the vestibular apparatus for appreciation of the impact of gravitation (static balance) - located in the utricle and saccule, and acceleration (kinetic balance) - located in the semicircular ducts. (anatomy.app)
CONCLUSION: Increases in endolymphatic pressure may cause a primary swelling of the apical cochlear duct and saccule, both of which have relatively thin membranes. (bvsalud.org)
Vestibular4
In case of any lesion from the utricle to the brainstem, diminished input from the affected vestibular pathway, for example the left vestibular is the same as stimulation of right vestibular pathway, resulting in the erroneous interpretation by the brain that the head is tilted to the right and consequently that the SVV is tilted to the left. (wikipedia.org)
Hydrops in the utricle may occur less frequently because of a thicker wall, because of a functioning UEV, and when the saccule has already occupied most of the vestibular perilymphatic space. (bvsalud.org)
Canals7
The ocular tilt reaction (OTR) comprises skew deviation, head tilt and ocular torsion involving structures of the inner ear responsible for maintenance of balance of the body i.e. the semi-circular canals (SCC), utricle and saccule. (wikipedia.org)
Each anterior semi-circular canals has excitatory projections to the ipsilateral superior rectus muscle and its yoke i.e., the contralateral inferior oblique while simultaneously inhibiting the ipsilateral inferior rectus muscle and its yoke i.e. the contralateral superior oblique. (wikipedia.org)
A head tilt causes stimulation of both anterior semi-circular canals and the posterior semi-circular canals resulting in excitation of ipsilateral intorters (superior oblique and superior rectus) and contralateral extorters (inferior oblique and inferior rectus) while their antagonists are simultaneously inhibited. (wikipedia.org)
The 3 semicircular canals are small, ringlike structures: lateral or horizontal, superior or anterior, and posterior or inferior. (medscape.com)
They are oriented at right angles to each other and are situated so that the superior and posterior canals are at 45° angles to the sagittal plane and the horizontal canal is 30° to the axial plane. (medscape.com)
Each canal is maximally responsive to angular motion in the plane in which it is situated and is paired with a canal on the contralateral side so that stimuli that are excitatory to one are inhibitory to the other. (medscape.com)
Anterior1
The macula of the utricle lies mainly in the horizontal plane and is located in the utricular recess, which is the dilated anterior portion of the utricle. (medscape.com)
Superior3
however, the superior canal is paired with the contralateral posterior canal and vice versa. (medscape.com)
The nonampulated ends of the superior and posterior canal form the crus commune or common crus. (medscape.com)
The information from these nuclei is sent to the superior olivary complex , the contralateral superior olivary complex . (anatomy.app)
Open1
In all ears with MD in which the utricle exceeded the average volume of normals (6 of 12), the UEV was open or there was a rupture in the utricle. (bvsalud.org)
We described for the first time a spontaneous horizontal semicircular canalith jam associated with a typical canalolithiasis involving contralateral posterior semicircular canal (PSC), illustrating how the latter condition modified direction-fixed nystagmus during head movements. (ejao.org)
Cochlear2
It consists of an anterior chamber and the cochlear duct, which subserves hearing and connects by way of the round saccule with the peripheral vestibular apparatus. (medscape.com)
CONCLUSION: Increases in endolymphatic pressure may cause a primary swelling of the apical cochlear duct and saccule, both of which have relatively thin membranes. (bvsalud.org)
Bilaterally1
Its proper function depends on air pressure in the middle ear cavity being equal to the ambient pressure, facilitated by the opening and closing of the eustachian tube which connects from each ear bilaterally to the posterior roof of mouth. (evokedpotential.com)
Horizontal3
The utricle senses motion in the horizontal plane (eg, forward-backward movement, left-right movement, or a combination thereof). (medscape.com)
The macula of the utricle lies mainly in the horizontal plane and is located in the utricular recess, which is the dilated anterior portion of the utricle. (medscape.com)
Most cases arise from posterior SC (PSC), less commonly from horizontal SC (HSC), while rarely from anterior SC (ASC) [ 1 ]. (ejao.org)