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VirulenceBacterial ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialMolecular Sequence DataGenes, BacterialMutationGene DeletionBacterial AdhesionDNA, BacterialPlant DiseasesHost-Pathogen InteractionsBase SequenceQuorum SensingAmino Acid SequenceEscherichia coli InfectionsPlasmidsHemolysin ProteinsGenomic IslandsBacterial ToxinsEscherichia coliMice, Inbred BALB CSequence Analysis, DNAAdhesins, BacterialYersinia pestisGenome, BacterialMutagenesis, InsertionalBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsLethal Dose 50PhylogenyGenetic Complementation TestSalmonella typhimuriumPseudomonas aeruginosaStreptococcus pyogenesEscherichia coli ProteinsDisease Models, AnimalCryptococcus neoformansPhenotypeVibrio choleraeAntigens, BacterialCandida albicansFungal ProteinsListeria monocytogenesShigella flexneriStaphylococcus aureusStreptococcal InfectionsCell LineYersinia pseudotuberculosisSerotypingYersinia enterocoliticaFimbriae, BacterialPlagueRegulonDNA Transposable ElementsBacterial CapsulesMicrobial ViabilityHyphaeSpecies SpecificityOperonPolymerase Chain ReactionMacrophagesSalmonella Infections, AnimalYersinia pseudotuberculosis InfectionsColony Count, MicrobialFimbriae ProteinsGene Knockout TechniquesVibrio InfectionsGene Expression ProfilingYersiniaSalmonellaYersinia InfectionsSiderophoresGenotypeSequence AlignmentBacterial Secretion SystemsTranscription, GeneticCloning, MolecularGenetic VariationVibrio vulnificusGene Expression Regulation, FungalTranscription FactorsSequence Homology, Amino AcidCryptococcosisHost-Parasite InteractionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsPseudomonas InfectionsStaphylococcal InfectionsRhodococcus equiMutagenesisStreptolysinsVibrioPolysaccharides, BacterialPoultry Diseases4-ButyrolactoneCandidiasisOpen Reading FramesFrancisella tularensisMultigene FamilyPseudomonas syringaeRNA, BacterialOligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
GenesPathogensPathogen virulenceStrainsDeterminantsMechanismsIsolatesSusceptibilityBacteriaBacterialPathogenicityUropathogenicContributesGenePathogenesisFactorsPandemicInfectionStreptococcusSerotypeProteinVirulentSeverityVaccinesUnacceptableHumansRevealInfectious diseasesEpidemicRoleDistinctHigherProgressSuggestPotentialEvolution
Genes12
  • Pneumonia isolates carried higher proportions of virulence genes sfa/foc , papGIII , hlyC , cnf1 , and iroN compared with bacteremia isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • The aims of this research work were to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the meat of wild or domestically reared pigeons from Spain, to detect the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, and to carry out a phylogenetic classification of the isolates. (mdpi.com)
  • however, individual strains vary in their virulence potential due to the presence of mobile accessory genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that different MAC species encode distinct suites of biomedically relevant genes, including antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors, which may influence their distinct clinical manifestations. (cdc.gov)
  • We observed that M. avium isolates from different sources-human pulmonary infections, human disseminated infections, animals, and natural environments-are readily distinguished by their core and accessory genomes, by their patterns of horizontal gene transfer, and by numerous specific genes, including virulence factors. (cdc.gov)
  • We found that different MAC species and M. avium isolates from different sources encode distinct suites of clinically relevant genes, including those for virulence and antibiotic resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • A pathogen's virulence factors are encoded by genes that can be identified using molecular Koch's postulates. (pressbooks.pub)
  • When genes encoding virulence factors are inactivated, virulence in the pathogen is diminished. (pressbooks.pub)
  • A cluster of virulence genes encoded on a pathogenicity island is responsible for the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes . (pressbooks.pub)
  • mcr-1.1 was noted only in Escherichia coli (phylogroup A & B1), and carried few resistance and virulence genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Streptococcal pathogens continue to evade concerted efforts to decipher clear-cut virulence mechanisms, although numerous genes have been implicated in pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Ape parasite origins of human malaria virulence genes. (cdc.gov)
Pathogens4
  • H. pylori and C. jejuni are Gram-negative gastro-intestinal pathogens whose virulence is highly affected by protein glycosylation. (uwo.ca)
  • This is damaging to Ewald's argument, of course, but it's also perhaps unfortunate that he went out on a limb, given that the essential argument - pathogens will evolve toward increasing virulence under certain conditions - seems to be moderately well-established in more narrow contexts. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Collectively, our results provide key genomic context for these emerging pathogens and will facilitate future exploration of MAC ecology, evolution, and pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • This is due to the unique virulence factor s produced by individual pathogens, which determine the extent and severity of disease they may cause. (pressbooks.pub)
Pathogen virulence1
  • The AVR4 effector, secreted by Cladosporium fulvum, has been demonstrated to be involved in pathogen virulence. (lsu.edu)
Strains8
  • Different strains exist which vary in their virulence. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results consistently showed that strains unable to metabolize proline exhibit significantly reduced virulence properties and a clearly diminished capacity to undergo morphological transitions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Concerningly, iuc has also been reported in MDR strains in the hospital setting, where it was associated with increased mortality, highlighting the need to understand, detect and track the mobility of these virulence loci in the K . pneumoniae population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides a framework for identifying and tracking these important virulence loci, which will be important for genomic surveillance efforts including monitoring for the emergence of hypervirulent MDR K . pneumoniae strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cases of Clostridium difficile antibiotic-associated colitis continue to be seen commonly and are now complicated by the enhanc-ed virulence of some strains and the prevalence of these strains in certain regions. (bcmj.org)
  • Mutation on these residues can lead to new strains of coronavirus with different degrees of infectivity and virulence. (biorxiv.org)
  • 5 It suggests a strong possibility of generating new strains of this coronavirus and its family with higher virulence and more complicated epidemiology with a D614G mutant as a notable example. (biorxiv.org)
  • Different strains of the same micro-organism can vary in virulence. (aidsmap.com)
Determinants5
  • These dominant types also carry hypermucoidy ( rmpA ) determinants and include all previously described virulence plasmids of K . pneumoniae . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and/or virulence determinants possessed by the associated bacteria are generally found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that transmit between K . pneumoniae cells via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, the majority of ST131 isolates were blaNDM-ve but blaCTX-M-15+ve, and they possessed more virulence determinants than did ST167. (bvsalud.org)
  • ST167 possessed few virulence determinants but was blaNDM+ve. (bvsalud.org)
  • Role of serotype and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm bacteria in internalization and persistence in epithelial cells in vitro. (lu.se)
Mechanisms4
  • The links among shell disorder, transmission modes, and virulence suggest mechanisms by which viruses are attenuated as they passed through different cell hosts from different animal species. (usf.edu)
  • Synthesis of acquired siderophores contributes to K . pneumoniae virulence via multiple mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exhibit a broad and coherent body of knowledge of the role of microbes as agents of disease, their virulence mechanisms, functions in the ecosphere, abundance and diversity. (edu.au)
  • OmpP4 may be dispensable for virulence because of redundant mechanisms in H. ducreyi for heme acquisition and NAD utilization. (biomedcentral.com)
Isolates3
  • Virulence factor gene content and antimicrobial drug resistance were higher in pneumonia than in commensal isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • 2019. Comparative virulence of Caribbean, Brazilian and European isolates of Toxoplasma gondii . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based comparative genome analysis of epidemic clones ST167 and ST131 in a global context revealed that the study isolates were present in close proximity but were distant from global isolates. (bvsalud.org)
Susceptibility2
  • In a prospective, nationwide study in France of Escherichia coli responsible for pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, we determined E. coli antimicrobial susceptibility, phylotype, O-type, and virulence factor gene content. (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles and molecular subtypes of Salmonella Newport isolated from humans and other sources. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria3
  • In both bacteria, the flagellins are essential virulence factors glycosylated by pseudaminic acid (PA). (uwo.ca)
  • Central is the context of microbes: bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists being beneficial for good health as well as effective causative agents of disease. (edu.au)
  • In addition to its role in protein degradation ClpP is also a global regulator in the production of bacterial toxins - termed virulence factors - that are mainly responsible for the disease-causing effect of bacteria. (mpg.de)
Bacterial5
  • Biosecurity here encompasses genetic research to reduce bacterial colonisation in animals and internal measures to curb transmissions and coinfections (e.g., with PRRSV, Swine Influenza virus, Bordetella bronchiseptic a, or E. coli ), which constitute a significant virulence factor for S. suis infections. (pigprogress.net)
  • C. jejuni does not possess classical virulence factors observed in bacterial enteropathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. (assignster.com)
  • In context of surgery, conceptual understanding of alterations in interactions between host defenses and pathogenic microbes that result in bacterial urinary tract infections (UTI) are important for at least two reasons. (ivis.org)
  • Therefore, in context of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, a bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) may be viewed as a secondary (or complicating) rather than a primary (or definitive) diagnostic entity. (ivis.org)
  • Elucidating these processes is especially important for understanding bacterial disease dynamics in agricultural and medical contexts and developing new ways to control infections. (weebly.com)
Pathogenicity1
  • You'll focus on the molecular principles underlying the biology of microorganisms, including their epidemiology, pathogenicity, virulence in the context of medicine, public health or agricultural biosecurity. (bath.ac.uk)
Uropathogenic3
Contributes2
  • VACV protein N1 is an intracellular homodimer that contributes to virus virulence and was reported to inhibit nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we tested the hypothesis that, like its homolog, H. ducreyi OmpP4 contributes to virulence and stimulates production of bactericidal antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene4
  • Recent studies further demonstrated that Avr4 is highly conserved among several Cercospora species, indicating a potential important role of this gene in fungal virulence. (lsu.edu)
  • In the present study, the Avr4 gene from C. cf. flagellaris was cloned and mutants lacking the expression of Avr4 were created by homologous recombination to investigate its role in fungal virulence, cercosporin production as well as CLB disease development. (lsu.edu)
  • Considering the importance of AVR4 in C. cf. flagellaris virulence, we selected a region of this gene for targeted gene suppression through host induced gene silencing (HIGS) to determine whether this can reduce CLB disease in soybean. (lsu.edu)
  • Given that N1 promotes virus virulence, other possible functions of N1 were investigated and this revealed that N1 is an inhibitor of apoptosis in cells transfected with the N1L gene and in the context of VACV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Pathogenesis1
  • In this section, we examine various types and specific examples of virulence factors and how they contribute to each step of pathogenesis. (pressbooks.pub)
Factors2
  • Further analysis and glycoprotein staining revealed that in H. pylori , the PA pathway is necessary for the glycosylation of proteins other than flagellins and for the synthesis of additional virulence factors, including LPS and urease. (uwo.ca)
  • This finding has raised an intriguing question: Does C. jejuni sense, inject and secrete putative virulence factors into host cells? (assignster.com)
Pandemic5
  • I'm aware that both of the main hypothesis that Ewald puts forward in this context - the 1918 flu pandemic and HIV - have been disproven. (scienceblogs.com)
  • The WHO does not specifically recommend or discourage school closures during an influenza pandemic, as their potential benefits and harms may be context-specific, 1 but has suggested that they be considered as part of a mitigation strategy. (bmj.com)
  • Indeed, the Covid-19 pandemic, by its suddenness and virulence, could in certain cases meet the three criteria of an event of force majeure defined in Article 1218 of the Civil Code: exteriority, unpredictability and irresistibility. (august-debouzy.com)
  • At the time of the first case reports, so little was known about the virulence, transmission, and treatment of the disease that the situation harkened back to the 1918 influenza pandemic. (ama-assn.org)
  • Objective.In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccines were made available to different countries. (bvsalud.org)
Infection2
  • Nipah Shell Disorder, Modes of Infection, and Virulence" by Gerard Kian-Meng Goh, A. Keith Dunker et al. (usf.edu)
  • In this context, Tambyah emphasizes the magnitude of the collaborative effort between scientists and physicians across the globe to characterize and contain the unknown infection. (ama-assn.org)
Streptococcus1
Serotype1
  • Autogenous vaccines, which are based on farm-specific suspected serotype(s), constitute an alternative for some contexts, but with variable results. (pigprogress.net)
Protein2
  • Here, we focus on the cowpox virus immunoevasin Orthopoxvirus MHC Class I-like Protein (OMCP) and demonstrate for the first time that OMCP facilitates cowpox virus virulence in vivo. (wustl.edu)
  • Bordetella Type III Secretion System Effector A (BteA) is a virulence protein produced by members of the genus Bordetella . (whitworth.edu)
Virulent2
  • But it's still possible, isn't it, that an endemic pathogen could take a strong turn toward virulence if the ecological conditions were dramatically altered - specifically, that a reliance upon an ambulatory, less-virulent direct contagion would be superceded by a new external vector, lessening the selection against virulence? (scienceblogs.com)
  • Based on phenotypic analyses (observable characteristics), it seems likely that the two populations of Burkholderia found are not becoming more virulent than those that might be encountered here on Earth, yet they do maintain a baseline of virulence. (jcvi.org)
Severity1
  • The detection and spread of an emerging respiratory pathogen are accompanied by uncertainty over the key epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of the novel pathogen and particularly its ability to spread in the human population and its virulence (case-severity). (who.int)
Vaccines1
Unacceptable1
  • Hate speech and violence are completely unacceptable in any form or context. (stanford.edu)
Humans2
  • This virus is very unusual in its high virulence for a broad spectrum of animals that occasionally includes humans? (scitizen.com)
  • To test whether OmpP4 was necessary for virulence in humans, eight healthy adults were experimentally infected. (biomedcentral.com)
Reveal1
  • Understanding how each pathway affects virulence will reveal the best targets for the development of glycosylation inhibitors to treat these major infections. (uwo.ca)
Infectious diseases2
  • Tara, it's been ten years since I read Paul Ewald's "Evolution of Infectious Diseases" and I'm curious about the current thinking about emerging infectious diseases in that context. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Develop creative and innovative approaches to problem solving in the field of infectious diseases research and work effectively, responsibly and safely in individual and collaborative contexts. (edu.au)
Epidemic1
  • If the analysis of previous decisions rendered in the context of other epidemic episodes (dengue fever, chikungunya, SARS) could lead one to believe that this qualification could be rejected, its recognition by judges could on the contrary be facilitated by the novelty and scale of the crisis, as well as exceptional restrictive measures been taken (see our article on this subject). (august-debouzy.com)
Role1
  • Our DAB biosynthesis mutant was deficient in at least one glycoprotein and was avirulent in a chicken model, underscoring the role of this pathway in virulence. (uwo.ca)
Distinct1
  • The major burden of iuc and iro amongst the genomes analysed was due to two linked lineages ( iuc1 / iro1 74% and iuc2 / iro2 14%), each carried by a distinct non-self-transmissible IncFIB K virulence plasmid type that we designate KpVP-1 and KpVP-2. (biomedcentral.com)
Higher1
Progress1
  • In this context, the group has also made lots of progress in the biochemical and structural characterization of the protease. (mpg.de)
Suggest1
  • Taken all together, the results suggest that AVR4 may contribute to the virulence of C. cf. flagellaris on soybean through protecting fungal hyphae and regulating cercosporin biosynthesis. (lsu.edu)
Potential1
  • Our study offers a more complete picture of how BBV152 performs in the field and should be considered in the context of COVID-19 surge conditions in India, combined with the possible immune evasive potential of the delta variant. (eurasiareview.com)
Evolution1
  • Unfortunately there seem to be many exceptions to the "rules" Ewald put forth, so it's been difficult to really pin down general trends in the evolution of virulence. (scienceblogs.com)