• For a single vessel model, the MRO 2 can be estimated in terms of the mean flow velocity, vessel crosssectional area, total concentration of hemoglobin (CHB), and the difference between the oxygen saturation (sO 2 ) of blood flowing into and out of the tissue region. (spie.org)
  • 1 We proposed that a different alignment may be preferable for clinicians in demonstrating its beneficial characteristics, enhancing both the "pick up" of oxygen despite cardiorespiratory disease and the "drop off" of oxygen to the tissues despite falling oxygen saturation (fig 1). (bmj.com)
  • Right: Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve realigned to demonstrate its two key characteristics: (a) haemoglobin maintains high levels of saturation despite marked reductions in oxygen tension, and (b) oxygen tension remains relatively stable as oxyhaemoglobin saturation declines. (bmj.com)
  • These characteristics result in (a) the pick up of oxygen by haemoglobin being maintained despite reduced oxygen tension, and (b) delivery of oxygen to the tissues being maintained despite progressively falling oxyhaemoglobin saturation. (bmj.com)
  • 5 , 6 MR susceptometry uses gradient-echo phase maps to estimate oxygen saturation in segments of the jugular and gray matter veins. (ajnr.org)
  • 7 , 8 Susceptibility-weighted imaging is a type of MR susceptometry that can obtain measurements of venous oxygen saturation by using the phase difference between the venous blood and surrounding tissue. (ajnr.org)
  • The functional biomarkers and tissue parameters deoxygenated hemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, saturation of hemoglobin, fat content, and water content were analyzed in thyroid lobes affected by Graves' disease ( n = 6), thyroid lobes with healthy tissue ( n = 8), benign thyroid nodules ( n = 13), and malignant thyroid nodules ( n = 3). (snmjournals.org)
  • Methods This was a two-centre study where retinal vessel oxygen saturation was measured in glaucoma patients and healthy individuals with a non-invasive spectrophotometric retinal oximeter. (bmj.com)
  • Results No statistical difference was found in retinal oxygen saturation in arterioles (p=0.16), venules (p=0.16) and arteriovenous difference (p=0.24) when all glaucoma patients (n=74) were compared with healthy individuals (n=89). (bmj.com)
  • In glaucoma patients with mild glaucoma (visual field MD ≤ 5 dB, n=33), no statistical differences were found in retinal oxygen saturation compared with healthy individuals. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Glaucoma patients with advanced glaucoma have higher oxygen saturation in venules and lower arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation compared with healthy individuals. (bmj.com)
  • The CaO2 depends on how much oxygen-carrying capacity is available, which is primarily a function of the hemoglobin (Hb) level and the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). (medscape.com)
  • The results of the CORE trial , a prospective, randomized clinical trial, showed that a cardio-oncology rehabilitation model for cancer survivors at high cardiovascular risk (or those who received cardiotoxic cancer treatments) led to greater improvements in peak oxygen consumption (peak VO 2 ) in comparison with usual care that encompassed an exercise intervention in a community setting. (medscape.com)
  • The metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (MRO 2 ) quantifies tissue metabolism, which is important for diagnosis of many diseases. (spie.org)
  • With the advances of magnetic resonance technology, the CBF, oxygen extraction fraction, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen can be measured in MRI. (ajnr.org)
  • Our aim was to measure the CBF, oxygen extraction fraction, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen use in patients with different severities of middle cerebral artery stenosis or acute stroke by using the arterial spin-labeling and susceptibility-weighted imaging techniques. (ajnr.org)
  • Arterial spin-labeling and SWI sequences were used to acquire CBF, oxygen extraction fraction, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. (ajnr.org)
  • Hemispheres with occluded MCA (group 3) or acute stroke (group 4) had a significantly lower CBF and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and a significantly higher oxygen extraction fraction than the contralateral hemisphere. (ajnr.org)
  • When this offset a decrease in CBF, the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen remained at a normal level. (ajnr.org)
  • An occluded MCA led to reduction in both the CBF and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. (ajnr.org)
  • Moreover, the oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the occluded MCA region during acute stroke. (ajnr.org)
  • It is possible to use both parameters and the arterial oxygen content to derive cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) use, which is of critical importance in the occurrence of stroke. (ajnr.org)
  • When your body uses more oxygen, it requires more caloric expenditure and an increased metabolic rate. (bodybuilding.com)
  • It was hoped that, through a different perspective of the haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve, it might be possible to overcome the ingrained practice of doctors, nurses and paramedics to prescribe high flow oxygen to breathless patients who do not necessarily have arterial hypoxaemia. (bmj.com)
  • Paradoxically, high flow oxygen in excess of that required to relieve arterial hypoxaemia may cause a reversible decrease in oxygen consumption. (bmj.com)
  • These adverse effects are not widely known and high flow oxygen is widely prescribed to breathless patients, regardless of the presence of arterial hypoxaemia. (bmj.com)
  • DO2 depends on the amount of blood pumped per minute, or cardiac output (CO), and the arterial oxygen content of that blood (CaO2). (medscape.com)
  • [ 5-10 ] Cardiac output may be calculated by using the Fick equation if Vȯ 2 , hemoglobin level, and the arterial-venous oxygen difference are known. (medscape.com)
  • A small, but typically insignificant, amount of oxygen is directly dissolved in the blood rather than bound to Hb. (medscape.com)
  • Sufficient oxygen level in wound will decrease the possibility of hypoxia occurrence-the condition where the injured area does not receive a sufficient amount of oxygen, which results in delay of healing process. (woundcaresociety.org)
  • 4,5 Nitrite can cause methemoglobinemia, which makes red blood cells lose their oxygen-carrying ability, reducing the amount of oxygen that is released from haemoglobin. (who.int)
  • 10- 14 These cardiovascular effects can potentially contribute to the worse outcomes observed with high flow oxygen therapy in myocardial infarction, 15 stroke, 16 neonatal resuscitation 17 and fulminant sepsis, 18 although the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species causing reperfusion injury may also play a role. (bmj.com)
  • Further increases in myocardial oxygen consumption lead to infarction of the anterolateral left ventricular free wall. (medscape.com)
  • The authors consider oxygen as a manipulated variable or as a corrective element during normal pregnancy, during delivery and during acute and chronic oxygen deficiency. (powells.com)
  • Acute Oxygen Deficiency During Pregnancy and Birth. (powells.com)
  • Shock is defined as a state of acute energy failure due to inadequate glucose substrate delivery, oxygen delivery, or mitochondrial failure at the cellular level. (medscape.com)
  • In China, acute nitrite poisoning is commonly caused by mistaking nitrite for salt or from eating large amounts of vegetables or meat with a high nitrite content. (who.int)
  • Shortly after birth, as the circulation becomes one in series, pulmonary artery pressure and resistance decrease, as does oxygen content of pulmonary blood flow. (medscape.com)
  • Three main sources of mercury exposure in the U.S. are consumption of fish, dental repairs, and occupational exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) does not present prenatally because of the favorable fetal physiology that includes (1) equivalent pressures in the main pulmonary artery and aorta secondary to a nonrestrictive patent ductus arteriosus, and (2) relatively similar oxygen concentrations due to parallel circulations. (medscape.com)
  • 19 This effect is likely to be due to maldistribution of blood flow, with functional shunting to protect the vital organs from non-physiological effects of high oxygen tension. (bmj.com)
  • Regardless, the impaired oxygen delivery at the tissue level results in depressed cellular respiration and potential organ dysfunction. (bmj.com)
  • A reduction in cerebral blood flow in brain tissue is typically accompanied by a compensatory increase in the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) to maintain normal neuronal function. (ajnr.org)
  • Key physiologic parameters that affect metabolic homeostasis include tissue blood flow, the balance between oxygen delivery and demand, and the oxygen content. (medscape.com)
  • Although the sufficiency of tissue oxygenation cannot be directly measured and varies by time and tissue-type, the relationship of oxygenation delivery and consumption is key to understanding the pathophysiology of shock. (medscape.com)
  • Based on flight operation the possibility of reducing power consumption by 10 per cent is proven. (sae.org)
  • Sensors in the climate chamber measure the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, heat and humidity. (lu.se)
  • Through their consumption, bacteria, together with other organisms, contribute to the decomposition of dead plants and animals which eventually results in both carbon dioxide that can be used in photosynthesis, and minerals that can once again be absorbed by plants - thereby making the ecosystem cycle come full circle. (lu.se)
  • Background To test whether retinal oxygen metabolism is different in glaucoma patients compared with healthy subjects. (bmj.com)
  • The Er1 F/− EV cargo is taken up by recipient cells leading to an increase in insulin-independent glucose transporter levels, enhanced cellular glucose uptake, higher cellular oxygen consumption rate and greater tolerance to glucose challenge in mice. (nature.com)
  • After a heavy bought of strength training, you continue to consume additional oxygen in the hours and even days that follow. (bodybuilding.com)
  • 7, 8 These effects may contribute to the reduction in lung volumes and decreased transfer factor observed with high flow oxygen. (bmj.com)
  • The oxygen content of the open ocean and coastal waters has been declining for at least the past half-century, largely because of human activities that have increased global temperatures and nutrients discharged to coastal waters. (lu.se)
  • This can create inhospitable habitats for fish and sedentary animals ( Wu, 2002 ), and severe oxygen depletion of coastal waters has significant negative consequences for economically important fisheries, ecosystems and biodiversity ( UN Global Environment Outlook Year Book, 2003 ). (biologists.com)
  • The "Oxygen Consumption Test" offers the possibility of measuring chronic toxicity effects in bacteria with difficult substances e.g. those which are sparingly soluble, coloured, emulsifying or dispersive, even slightly volatile products can be tested. (europa.eu)
  • Since oxygen has an ability of killing harmful bacteria in wound site, it plays a role of inhibiting infection. (woundcaresociety.org)
  • Limited oxygen supply will not only leave bacteria infesting the wound site, but also inhibit infection treatment. (woundcaresociety.org)
  • The oxygen content in the air - which most organisms today are dependent on - increased approximately 2.5 billion years ago, probably thanks to a special form of bacteria, cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae). (lu.se)
  • Chronic Oxygen Deficiency During Pregnancy: Impact of the Fetus. (powells.com)
  • Even in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in respiratory failure, the risks of high flow oxygen therapy are often not recognised. (bmj.com)
  • Oxygen Consumption and Heart Rate Responses Between Different Sequence" by C A. Cheruka, S A. Sherman et al. (wku.edu)
  • These changes have accelerated consumption of oxygen by microbial respiration, reduced solubility of oxygen in water, and reduced the rate of oxygen resupply from the atmosphere to the ocean interior, with a wide range of biological and ecological consequences. (lu.se)
  • In the operation of this gasifier, 75-85% of the design feed rate of coal, along with steam and oxygen, are injected into the first stage. (doe.gov)
  • [ 3 ] In addition, unlike cigarettes, the majority of smokeless tobacco products are sold without a health warning, and lack of awareness of its negative impact on health increases its consumption. (medscape.com)
  • The decreased arteriovenous difference in severe glaucoma may be related to lower oxygen consumption secondary to neuropathy. (bmj.com)
  • The oxygen extraction fraction in hemispheres with mild MCA stenosis (group 1) was remarkably higher than that in the contralateral hemisphere. (ajnr.org)
  • In addition, hemispheres with severe MCA stenosis (group 2) had significantly lower CBF and a significantly higher oxygen extraction fraction than the contralateral hemisphere. (ajnr.org)
  • The oxygen extraction fraction gradually increased in groups 1-3. (ajnr.org)
  • HCERI gasification technology is characterized as an entrained flow , dry feed, oxygen-blown, water wall-cooled, slagging gasifier system with quench. (doe.gov)
  • We conducted in-depth interviews with the patients and their families using a structured questionnaire regarding food and water consumption and other environmental factors. (who.int)
  • A) In the wastewater: oxygen-consuming substances (lignin and cellulose decomposition), dyes B) In treated sludge: organic and inorganic solids (incl. (nzdl.org)
  • Eating disorders involve a persistent disturbance of eating or of behavior related to eating thatAlters consumption or absorption of foodSignificantly impairs physical health and/or psychosocial. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In a recent commentary we argued that the traditional representation of the haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve developed by physiologists may be disconcerting for clinicians because of the prominence of the steep slope of oxygen desaturation with falling oxygen tension. (bmj.com)
  • 2- 4 However, such a change of long established practice would also require a recognition of the risks of inappropriate high flow oxygen therapy. (bmj.com)
  • The potential adverse pulmonary effects of high flow oxygen therapy were recognised soon after its widespread use in clinical practice. (bmj.com)
  • High flow oxygen was shown to result in worsening ventilation-perfusion mismatch due to absorption atelectasis and inhibition of reflex pulmonary vasoconstriction. (bmj.com)
  • Perhaps the least recognised risk with high flow oxygen is that its use may lead to a delay in the ability to recognise and treat a progressive deterioration in pulmonary function. (bmj.com)
  • The gasification technology can be applied to various feedstocks, such as petcoke, and low quality coals with high sulfur content. (doe.gov)
  • Foods with high content of vitamin E and C work best for proper wound healing. (woundcaresociety.org)
  • The paper describes the design specifics of the system for oxygen generation by electrolysis Elektron and major results obtained in long-term operation of the system aboard space station Mir. (sae.org)
  • Oxygen consumption was decreased in a concentration dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • His research focuses on the fundamental understanding of electrochemical reactions and organic electrosynthesis including various oxygen-atom functionalization catalysis, asymmetric synthesis, biochemical reactions. (rsc.org)
  • Oxygen is fundamental to life. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, they deal with the consequences that oxygen deficiency has on the fetus. (powells.com)
  • Oxygen atom functionalization has played an indispensable role in industrial applications and biological processes. (rsc.org)
  • This review presents the recent progress of oxygen functionalization reactions based on non-electrochemical (conventional organic synthesis) and electrochemical methods. (rsc.org)
  • The progress of electrochemical methods toward oxygen functionalization is presented by an in-depth discussion of different types of electrically driven-chemical organic synthesis, with particular attention to recently developed electrochemical systems and catalyst designs. (rsc.org)
  • We hope to direct the attention of readers to the latest breakthroughs of traditional oxygen functionalization reactions and to the potential of electrochemistry for the transformation of organic substrates to useful end products. (rsc.org)
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  • In order to provide a sufficient oxygen supply, it is important that we do the things to stimulate its flow on the wound site. (woundcaresociety.org)
  • We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Since the 1990s, TPRI and later HCERI had as a major focus the development of an entrained flow, dry feed, oxygen blown, slagging, two-stage, membrane wall gasifier. (doe.gov)
  • This book gives a synopsis of the ruling influence that oxygen has in multiple regulation sytems in the mother and especially in the fetus. (powells.com)