Contains the mitochondria s mitochondrial. Medical search. Frequent questions

In this paper, we make the case that mitochondrial dysfunction could play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. (frontiersin.org)
However, the data in relation to antidepressant drug effects are contradictory: some studies reveal they have no effect on mitochondrial function or even potentiate dysfunction, whereas other studies show more beneficial effects. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondria could be targeted in the development of novel antidepressant drugs, and specific forms of mitochondrial dysfunction could be identified as biomarkers to personalize treatment and aid in early diagnosis by differentiating between disorders with overlapping symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
The focus of this review is the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and major depression. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we summarize some of the latest knowledge on mitochondrial dysregulation in major depression (depicted in Figure 1 ) and also discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction could instigate downstream changes in extracellular matrix proteins such as reelin, neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS), oxidative stress, and inflammation, and finally adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
While largely indistinguishable from their wildtype littermates, adipocyte-specific Sel1L-deficient mice are cold sensitive associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. (diabetesjournals.org)
US 20130022666 provides compositions comprising a lipid carrier and mitochondria as well as methods of delivering exogenous mitochondria to a cell and methods of treating or reversing progression of a disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in a mammalian subject in need thereof. (justia.com)
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the toxicities of certain diseases and many drugs. (fda.gov)
Drosophila CHCHD2 ( dCHCHD2 ) knockout flies exhibit PD-like phenotypes in an age-dependent manner, which include dysfunction in motor ability, DA neuron loss, increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial cristae degeneration 2 . (nature.com)
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major intracellular lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (jneurosci.org)
However, the causative factors involved in the mitochondrial dysfunction in human AD are not well understood. (jneurosci.org)
The levels of translocationally arrested mitochondrial APP directly correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction. (jneurosci.org)
Collectively, these results suggest that abnormal accumulation of APP across mitochondrial import channels, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, is a hallmark of human AD pathology. (jneurosci.org)
Progressive mitochondrial accumulation of incompletely translocated APP caused mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cellular energy metabolism. (jneurosci.org)
Because of the high representation of mitochondria in these areas, it is not surprising that they tend to be the systems most affected by mitochondrial dysfunction. (holtorfmed.com)
Because mitochondria are responsible for producing energy for the entire body, dysfunction can have a widespread and significant impact on the body. (holtorfmed.com)
If one has severe mitochondrial dysfunction they may experience extreme symptoms such as seizures or an inability to get out of bed. (holtorfmed.com)
Much like an autoimmune disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction can exhibit symptoms associated with numerous conditions. (holtorfmed.com)
2012)). Concentrating on MQC processes in CNS personal injury where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in pathogenesis is advocated (for critique see (Anne et al. (calcium-channel.com)
Mitochondrial dysfunction is evident in early stages of AD and is involved in AD pathogenesis. (scirp.org)
This review focuses on the evidence supporting a clear association between amyloid- β toxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuronal damage/death in Alzheimer's disease. (scirp.org)
F. Albrekkan and M. Kelly-Worden, "Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alzheimer's Disease," Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases , Vol. 3 No. 2A, 2013, pp. 14-19. (scirp.org)
Mitochondrial-nuclear communication, known as retrograde signaling, is important for regulating nuclear gene expression in response to mitochondrial dysfunction. (elsevierpure.com)
One of the underlying mechanisms of long COVID may be mitochondrial dysfunction. (mdpi.com)
Find out how microplate readers advance research into mitochondrial dysfunction and different neurodegenerative diseases. (bmglabtech.com)
In this blog, we look at the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. (bmglabtech.com)
We also discuss how microplate readers can be used in neuroscience research to reveal the impact mitochondrial dysfunction has on health. (bmglabtech.com)
Many factors can contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction including genetic mutations, aging, environmental factors, nutritional deficiencies, and metabolic disorders. (bmglabtech.com)
Several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. (bmglabtech.com)
Evidence also points to multiple genes being linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. (bmglabtech.com)
Altered mitochondrial dynamics, including excessive fission and fusion of mitochondria, also contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. (bmglabtech.com)
This can impair processes like mitochondrial transport and the clearance of proteins leading to bioenergetic deficits and neuronal dysfunction. (bmglabtech.com)
In Parkinson's disease, a strong link between mitochondrial dysfunction and disease-associated genes has been documented. (bmglabtech.com)
Its role in the regulation of normal mitochondrial function and in different disease states attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction is not known. (nih.gov)
Pretzel Therapeutics aims to treat mitochondrial dysfunction using three approaches: editing the mitochondrial genome, regulating mitochondrial gene expression, and what chairman and CEO Jay Parrish calls "mitochondrial quality control"-regulating production and sorting of mitochondria so defective ones are sent to the cell's disposal system. (acs.org)
Positively charged CTAC could actively target mitochondria by interacting with the negatively charged mitochondria membrane, and then lead to the dysfunction of mitochondria by decreasing mitochondrial potential and intracellular ATP levels, resulting in the necrosis and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. (rsc.org)
3 For instance, mtDNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction have been observed in various types of cancer. (rsc.org)
As these syndromes are often linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, researchers hypothesized that a dysfunction in the mitochondrial metabolism might be part of the causes of long COVID. (frontiersin.org)
mitochondrial dysfunction may impair urea production and result in hyperammonemia (see Hyperammonemia ). (medscape.com)
Spatially-distinct cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction following pulmonary exposure to various carbon-based nanomaterial s. (cdc.gov)
Decreased function and increased H2O2 production in the mitochondria between the myofibrils can promote cardiovascular dysfunction. (cdc.gov)
Cancer cells have a greater need for energy compared with normal cells, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in cancer biology. (who.int)

Together, these functions highlight the critical role of mitochondria in the life and death of cells. (fda.gov)
Understanding the role of mitochondria in one's health, its link to serious conditions and ways to protect and improve mitochondrial function can help keep one's health at its best. (holtorfmed.com)

We emphasize the importance of mitochondrial biogenesis, morphological changes, and increases in respiratory supercomplex formation as mechanisms triggered by exercise that may increase the function of skeletal muscles. (ugr.es)
MRM2 controls mitochondrial respiration by regulating mitoribosome biogenesis. (nature.com)
Remarkably, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis through pharmacological inhibition of the Tank binding kinase 1 (TBK1) restores energy homeostasis, mitigates mitochondrial swelling with neuroprotection against acute mitochondrial damage for glaucomatous hRGCs, revealing a novel neuroprotection mechanism. (wms-site.com)
In the same way unresolved in purposeful importance in reaction to some CNS injuries may be the observed synthesis of recent mitochondria or mitochondrial biogenesis.Creator Manuscript Author Manuscript Creator Manuscript Creator ManuscriptMitochondrial SRIF-14 supplier quality ControlMitochondrial quality regulate (MQC) is critical for preserving satisfactory mobile energy provide. (calcium-channel.com)
Most important processes contributing to MQC routine maintenance contain mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics (fission and fusion 165800-03-3 medchemexpress harmony) and also the aforementioned recycling of Navitoclax オートファジー damagedagedJ Bioenerg Biomembr. (calcium-channel.com)
2008) and adult ischemic stroke, mitochondrial biogenesis is elevated inside the ischemic hemisphere (Xie et al. (calcium-channel.com)
These outcomes are attributed to mitochondrial biogenesis revealed by boosts in mtDNA, mitochondrial biogenesis proteins peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator 1alpha (PGC1), TFAM, nuclear respiratory factor one (NRF-1), mitochondrial heath shock protein sixty (HSP60) and cytochrome c oxidase (COXIV) in XY when XX CGNs lack or have suppressed responses (Sharma et al. (calcium-channel.com)
2014). The purposeful effects of improved mitochondrial biogenesis following mind damage are unknown. (calcium-channel.com)
Interestingly, the mitochondrial biogenesis genes PGC1α, PGC1β, Nrf1, Nrf2 and TFAM were up-regulated in MitoQ- and SS31-treated mutant Htt neurons. (elsevierpure.com)
Two AAA proteases with catalytic sites at opposite membrane surfaces form a membrane-integrated quality control system and exert crucial functions during the biogenesis of mitochondria. (silverchair.com)

Mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA) and their own machinery for synthesizing RNA and proteins. (justia.com)
The human mitochondrial genome is encoded in multiple copies of ~16.6 kb circular double-stranded DNA molecules (mtDNA) present in mitochondrial nucleoids in the mitochondrial matrix. (nature.com)
Researchers believe that this excess of thymidine damages a particular kind of DNA known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. (medlineplus.gov)
Mitochondria use nucleosides, including thymidine, to build new molecules of mtDNA. (medlineplus.gov)
In people with MNGIE disease, mitochondria may also have less mtDNA than usual (mtDNA depletion). (medlineplus.gov)
Although mtDNA abnormalities underlie the digestive and neurological problems characteristic of MNGIE disease, it is unclear how defective mitochondria cause the specific features of the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
These structures can damage mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). (holtorfmed.com)
This hypothesis promotes mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as the basis for Alzheimer's disease. (scirp.org)
Unlike any other part of the cell, mitochondria have their own mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which encodes 13 of the thousands of protein subunits of the ETS. (sens.org)
In the worst-case scenario, a free radical "hit" to the mtDNA can inflict damage that results in huge stretches of mtDNA being permanently deleted in one swoop when the mitochondrion next makes a new copy of its DNA . (sens.org)
And because the stretch of mtDNA which is most prone to deletion mutations during aging encodes machinery that is essential to protein synthesis from any mitochondrial genes, the most common deletion seen in the mtDNA of aging cells can render a mitochondrion unable to make a single one of the 13 mitochondrially-encoded proteins that are critical components of their energy-generating system. (sens.org)
In addition, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes necessary for the intramitochondrial synthesis of these 13 polypeptides. (medscape.com)
Located within the mitochondrial matrix, and lacking the efficient repair mechanisms available to nuclear DNA, mtDNA has a relatively high rate of mutation. (medscape.com)
Kearns Sayre Syndrome (OMIM #530000) occurs as a result of large-scale single deletions (or rearrangements) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which are usually not inherited but occur spontaneously, probably at the germ-cell level or very early in embryonic development. (medscape.com)

Various mitochondrial disorders are known to result from defective genes in the mitochondrial DNA. (justia.com)
Under the leadership of Dr. Varsha Desai, NCTR scientists have developed MitoChips for different species, which contain all the mitochondria-related genes on a chip (glass slide). (fda.gov)
Mitochondria-related genes are regions on DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which encode proteins that are important for mitochondrial structure and function. (fda.gov)
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells incorporate mitochondrial genes or whole mitochondria to maintain their bioenergetic state. (europa.eu)
For many, this isn't an issue because the donor's mitochondria contribute just 37 genes to the child, compared with more than 20,000 from the parents. (newscientist.com)
To fulfill a drug delivery targeted to mitochondria, we first need to establish a method to encapsulate various drugs, proteins, peptides, and genes into a drug carrier depending on their physical characteristics. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. (nih.gov)
The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders. (nih.gov)
We studied mitochondrial and synaptic activities by measuring mRNA and the protein levels of mitochondrial and synaptic genes, mitochondrial function, and ultra-structural changes in MitoQ- and SS31-treated mutant Htt neurons relative to untreated mutant Htt neurons. (elsevierpure.com)
In the MitoQ- and SS31-treated mutant Htt neurons, fission genes Drp1 and Fis1 were down-regulated, and fusion genes Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1 were up-regulated relative to untreated neurons, suggesting that mitochondria-targeted molecules reduce fission activity. (elsevierpure.com)
The synaptic genes synaptophysin and PSD95 were up-regulated, and mitochondrial function was normal in the MitoQ- and SS31-treated mutant Htt neurons. (elsevierpure.com)
However, the expression of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response genes, which has been shown in Caenorhabditis Elegans, was not induced. (elsevierpure.com)
We also observed by ChIP analysis that induced ATF4 bound to the promoter region of several ISR genes, suggesting that mitochondrial translation inhibition induces ISR gene expression through ATF4 activation. (elsevierpure.com)
By regulating the genes rather than the oxidation-phosphorylation process as many other companies do, Parrish says, Pretzel hopes that their strategies can better modulate mitochondrial behavior. (acs.org)
The reason that mitochondria uniquely have these genes is probably that they were entirely separate organisms at one point in our evolutionary history, with which our ancient single-celled ancestors developed a symbiotic relationship. (sens.org)
The 4977 base pair "common deletion" that accumulates in some aging cells encodes all of the mitochondrial tRNAs and the genes for seven subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (sens.org)
One possible mechanism used could be to alter the expression of genes encoded in the mitochondrial genome. (frontiersin.org)
A deletion anywhere in the mitochondrial genome may affect transcription or translation of genes that were not affected by the deletion. (medscape.com)

Here, a genome-wide analysis of the human mitochondrial transcriptome shows that 2'- O -methylation is limited to residues of the mitoribosomal large subunit (mtLSU) 16S mt-rRNA, introduced by MRM1, MRM2 and MRM3, with the modifications installed by the latter two proteins being interdependent. (nature.com)
Expression of this genome entails several, highly regulated processes, with newly synthesised transcripts being cleaved, chemically modified, polyadenylated and further matured in neighbouring structures known as mitochondrial RNA granules (MRGs). (nature.com)
Almost half of these MRPs are evolutionarily exclusive to mitochondrial ribosomes, some of which were repurposed and accreted during reductive genome evolution 4 , 5 . (nature.com)
When you do a genome sequencing in the blood, there are many, many, many molecule of mitochondrial DNA, and the amount of mitochondrial DNA is an indicator of mitochondrial volume and mitochondrial health. (thenakedscientists.com)
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled whole-genome sequencing of the C. cayetanensis parasite ( 9 , 10 ), including its organellar genomes derived from the apicoplast ( 11 , 12 ) and mitochondrion ( 12 - 14 ). (cdc.gov)
The mitochondrial genome is a 16569 base-pair closed circular loop of double-stranded DNA found in multiple copies within the mitochondrial matrix. (medscape.com)
The mitochondrial genome encodes the genetic information for the 13 polypeptide subunits essential for the process of oxidative phosphorylation. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] The mitochondrial genome is remarkably concise, containing little noncoding capacity and no introns. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] The deletions vary in size and location on the mitochondrial genome in different individuals, although a common deletion of 4.9kB is present in at least a third of patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. (medscape.com)
A new study by scientists from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) examines the DNA of mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells, and provides the first reported evidence of DNA methylation patterns of the mitochondrial genome at high resolution. (who.int)

To study one aspect of mitochondrial dynamics-mitochondrial fission-in mouse DA neurons, we deleted the central fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). (jneurosci.org)
Truncated BID (tBID), a proapoptotic BCL2 family protein, induces BAK/BAX-dependent release of cytochrome c and other mitochondrial intermembrane proteins to the cytosol to induce apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Whole cell lysate (WCL), post mitochondrial supernatant (PMS), and mitochondrial lysate (Mito) was isolated from each cell line indicated, normalized for total protein via BCA assay, and immunoblotted for Mecr or VDAC as a mitochondrial marker control. (elifesciences.org)
While RNA makes up most of the composition of bacterial and cytosolic eukaryotic ribosomes, mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes present a more elaborate protein shell, which aids coping with the oxidative microenvironment. (nature.com)
CHCHD2 (mutations of which cause an autosomal dominant form of PD) encodes a mitochondrial intermembrane protein 1 . (nature.com)
Mitochondrial fragmentation in Mt-GPAT mutants was also rescued by inhibition of mitochondrial fission protein DRP-1 and by overexpression of mitochondrial fusion protein FZO-1/mitofusin, suggesting that the fusion/fission balance is affected by Mt-GPAT depletion. (elsevierpure.com)
Here we report that nonglycosylated full-length and C-terminal truncated amyloid precursor protein (APP) accumulates exclusively in the protein import channels of mitochondria of human AD brains but not in age-matched controls. (jneurosci.org)
Specifically, ZIKV nonstructural protein 4A (NS4A) translocates to the mitochondria , triggers mitochondrial fission and mitophagy , and suppresses mitochondrial associated antiviral protein (MAVS)-mediated type I interferon (IFN) response. (bvsalud.org)
Herein, chloramphenicol, which inhibits mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein expression, induced eIF2a phosphorylation and ATF4 induction, leading to ISR gene expression. (elsevierpure.com)
In this study, we showed that mitochondrial translation inhibition induced the ISR through ATF4 activation rather than the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. (elsevierpure.com)
Eukaryotes contain two protein translational systems, one in the cytoplasm and one in the mitochondria. (nih.gov)
Mitochondrial content per unit of protein was unaltered in heart failure (p=0.93, n=5). (bmj.com)
Activated ERK1/2 also phosphorylates the GTPase dynamin-related protein (Drp1), which then stimulates mitochondrial fission. (cdc.gov)
Studies on iron homeostasis in mitochondria: X-ray structures of yeast frataxin, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron storage and detoxification, also known as a factor in the neurodegenerative disease Friedrich's Ataxia. (lu.se)

One of the unique features of mitochondria is that they contain their own small, circular DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and independent machinery of ribosomal and transfer RNAs (ribonucleic acid) and ribosomes for synthesis of 13 proteins encoded by the mitochondrial DNA essential for oxidative phosphorylation. (fda.gov)
The rest of approximately 1,900 proteins (in humans) required for the performance of various mitochondrial functions are encoded by the nuclear DNA. (fda.gov)
Accumulation of APP across mitochondrial import channels, which varied with the severity of AD, inhibited the entry of nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits IV and Vb proteins, which was associated with decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity and increased levels of H 2 O 2 . (jneurosci.org)
Once triggered, it results in the diffusion of proteins from the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes into the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
The outer mitochondrial membrane, typically permeable to molecules smaller than 5 kDa, forms pores during MOMP that allow it to accommodate proteins larger than 100 kDa. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, proteomics profiling of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) revealed an enrichment of mitochondrial proteins in sEVs secreted by ZIKV -infected JEG-3 cells , suggesting that MDV formation may also be another mitochondrial quality control mechanism manipulated during placental ZIKV infection . (bvsalud.org)
Immunoblotting findings of mitochondrial and synaptic proteins agreed with the mRNA findings. (elsevierpure.com)
An ubiquitous and conserved proteolytic system regulates the stability of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins. (silverchair.com)
This study demonstrates that in heart failure there is a gross increase in the level of myocardial S-NO. Within the mitochondria, S-NO of electron transport chain proteins is also increased, having an inhibitory effect on ATP production. (bmj.com)

Targeting Mitochondria 2023 Best Short Oral Presentation Award #2 The World Mitochondria Society celebrates Sami Noujaim from the University of Sou. (wms-site.com)
Targeting Mitochondria 2023 Best Short Oral Presentation Award #1 The World Mitochondria Society congratulate Dr. Ioannis Tsichlis from the Nationa. (wms-site.com)
Dr. Mercedes Rincon, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, USA will join the Targeting Mitochondria 2023 Congress and give a presentatio. (wms-site.com)
Dr. Giuseppe Orlando, Wake Forest University, USA, will join the Targeting Mitochondria 2023 Congress and give a presentation entitled "Repairing Marg. (wms-site.com)
Dr. Mark S. Kindy from the University of South Florida, USA, will join the Targeting Mitochondria 2023 Congress and give a presentation entitled "Mito. (wms-site.com)
Dr. Marta Murgia from the University of Padova, Italy will join the Targeting Mitochondria 2023 Congress and give a presentation entitled "What s. (wms-site.com)
Prof. Vladimir Gogvadze, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, and active member of the scientific committe will join Targeting Mitochondria 2023 t. (wms-site.com)
Prof. Carsten Culmsee, active member of the scientific committe and from the University of Marburg, Germany, will join Targeting Mitochondria 2023 thi. (wms-site.com)
Under its guiding slogan "The future of medicine will come through mitochondria", the World Mitochondria Society proudly presents Targeting Mitochondria 2023 speakers. (wms-site.com)
Join Targeting Mitochondria 2023 to learn more about Prof. Yamada's interesting talk. (wms-site.com)
Please see below the latest updates regarding the 14th edition of the World Congress on Targeting Mitochondria 2023: Workshop & Conference Progra. (wms-site.com)
Dr. Egbert Mik, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands, and ative member or WMS scientific committee, will be joining Targeting Mitochondria 2023. (wms-site.com)
Prof. Nils Wiedemann, Universität Freiburg, Germany, will join Targeting Mitochondria 2023 to present a talk entitled: "Mitochondrial Preseq. (wms-site.com)

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA cause over 150 distinct syndromes and affect 1,000 to 4,000 children born in the United States each year. (sciencenews.org)
In addition, mutations in mitochondrial DNA have been associated with an increased risk of the disease. (bmglabtech.com)

As a result of the their roles in energy production, mitochondria also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may have a toxic effects in cells. (frontiersin.org)
These include changes affecting mitochondrial DNA, membrane permeability, and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, mitochondria are major sites of production of reactive oxygen species. (fda.gov)
Using redox-sensitive OMM-HyPer and ERroGFP_iE biosensors, we found treatment with kaempferol or CGP-37157 increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), respectively. (umn.edu)
In addition to less ATP production and higher levels of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease show mitochondrial abnormalities that include altered shape, decreased density, and impaired respiration. (bmglabtech.com)

Heat generation, mediated by mitochondrial respiration in Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), is important for defense against cold and maintenance of whole-body homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
Departing from mitochondrial acquisition as a novel tool to redefine respiration and metabolism in cancer, MITIG will develop a comprehensive training program fostering MSCA and EU values on research, dissemination and public engagement. (europa.eu)
Y stops respiratory impairment in male mitochondria though getting no impact on female mitochondrial respiration (Demarest et al. (calcium-channel.com)
They carry out aerobic respiration, a process that involves the breakdown of glucose and other fuel molecules to produce ATP through a series of interconnected reactions, including the citric acid cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (bmglabtech.com)

Human and animal studies suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial diseases and depression. (frontiersin.org)
The present invention provides stem cells enriched with healthy functional mitochondria, and therapeutic methods utilizing such cells for the alleviation of debilitating conditions, including aging, and age-related diseases as well as the debilitating effects of anti-cancer therapies in subjects in need thereof. (justia.com)
The present invention relates to stem cells enriched with functional mitochondria, and therapeutic methods utilizing such cells to diminish the debilitating effects of various conditions, including aging and age-related diseases as well as the debilitating effects of anti-cancer therapy treatments. (justia.com)
WO 2016/135723 to the present inventors discloses mammalian bone marrow cells enriched with mitochondria for treatment of mitochondrial diseases. (justia.com)
Damage to mitochondria can lead to diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and obesity. (fda.gov)
Recent progress in genetics and molecular biology has provided useful information regarding the molecular mechanisms associated with the mitochondrial diseases. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Genetic approaches were initiated in the late 1980s to clarify the gene responsible for various mitochondrial diseases, and information concerning genetic mutations is currently used in the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases. (hokudai.ac.jp)
In spite of the huge amount of mechanism-based studies of mitochondrial diseases, effective therapies have not yet been established mainly because of the lack of an adequate delivery system. (hokudai.ac.jp)
There are no cures for these diseases and currently, the only way to prevent a child from inheriting dysfunctional mitochondria is a controversial "three-parent baby" method ( SN: 12/14/16 ). (sciencenews.org)
The disruption of mitochondrial function is known to be linked to neurodegenerative diseases. (bmglabtech.com)
However, when mitochondria fail to function properly different neurodegenerative diseases can take hold. (bmglabtech.com)
The disruption of mitochondrial function is a known contributor to neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, although the precise details remain to be worked out. (bmglabtech.com)
Given their fundamental function within each cell in the body, mitochondria are implicated in a broad swath of diseases, including cognitive disorders, cancer, and aging-related ailments. (acs.org)
Cardiac mitochondrial function is altered in a variety of inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. (jci.org)
METHOD: Both genetic and functional alterations in mitochondria can lead to errors that trigger programmed cell death, which in turn give rise to a number of diseases that affect the nervous system. (lu.se)
This group includes lysosomal storage disorders, various mitochondrial diseases, other neurometabolic disorders, and several other miscellaneous disorders. (medscape.com)

Mitochondria are the primary source for cellular energy currency adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and dysfunctional mitochondria present a key pathological condition for the central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as glaucoma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease. (wms-site.com)
For example, those with chronic conditions such as Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Parkinson's may have developed them because of dysfunctional mitochondria. (holtorfmed.com)

Mito Foundation supports people affected by mitochondrial disease (mito), funds essential research into the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and cures of mitochondrial disorders, and increases awareness and education about this devastating disease. (mito.org.au)
If the HFEA supports the method, the Newcastle Fertility Centre will apply to the Scientific Panel for a license to offer pronuclear transfer to women at high risk of having children affected by mitochondrial disease. (mitochondrialdiseasenews.com)

On this page you will find links to comprehensive gene information for five species and a listing of NCTR publications on understanding the mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity and development of biomarkers to predict toxicity. (fda.gov)
MitoChip is a tool to evaluate the change in mitochondrial gene expression in response to various agents including drugs. (fda.gov)
The loss of the PD-associated mitochondrial gene CHCHD2 resulted in reduced ATP production, enhanced mitochondrial peroxide production and lower Ca 2+ -buffering activity in dopaminergic (DA) terminals in flies. (nature.com)
Previously, we have found that p32/C1qbp-deficient mice, which have a mitochondrial translation defect, show ER stress response and integrated stress response (ISR) gene expression in the heart and brain. (elsevierpure.com)
Scientists report a new gene-editing tool that can target DNA in mitochondria (red). (sciencenews.org)
Loss of function of the Parkin gene (PARK2) leads to impaired mitophagy (destruction of mitochondria by the cell's homeostatic machinery) which produces a buildup of damaged mitochondria. (bmglabtech.com)
This gene encodes one of the mitochondrial translation elongation factors. (nih.gov)
According to its leadership team, Pretzel Therapeutics stands out from other mitochondria-targeting companies because it's working at the early stages where mitochondria go haywire: at the gene and gene expression level. (acs.org)
The Waltham, Massachusetts-headquartered firm also hopes to be the first to conduct mitochondrial gene editing in humans. (acs.org)

Thus, VDAC2 acts as a crucial component in mitochondrial apoptosis by allowing the mitochondrial recruitment of BAK, thereby controlling tBID-induced OMM permeabilization and cell death. (nih.gov)
Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, and they also regulate brain function through oxidative stress and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
Alterations in mitochondrial functions such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and membrane polarity, which increase oxidative stress and apoptosis, may precede the development of depressive symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
Additional processes in which mitochondria are involved include heat production, storage of calcium ions, calcium signaling, programmed cell death (apoptosis) and cellular proliferation. (justia.com)
While mitochondrial energy is vital for the survival of cells, these organelles also play an important role in the execution of apoptosis (programmed cell death), a process that serves as a major defense mechanism to remove unwanted and potentially dangerous cells. (fda.gov)
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), also known as the mitochondrial outer membrane permeability, is one of two ways apoptosis (programmed cell death) can be activated. (wikipedia.org)
It is part of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, also known as the mitochondrial pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, it was also revealed that mitochondria play a central role in apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which is closely related to the loss of physiological functions of tissues. (hokudai.ac.jp)

Drp1 is thus critical for targeting mitochondria to the nerve terminal, and a disruption in mitochondrial fission can contribute to the preferential death of nigrostriatal DA neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Disruption of the MRM2 Drosophila melanogaster orthologue leads to mitochondria-related developmental arrest. (nature.com)
However, a glaucomatous Optineurin mutant (E50K) hRGCs show high ATP production rate with fewer mitochondrion compared to the wild-type neurons causing mitochondrial swelling and disruption of homeostasis. (wms-site.com)

Furthermore, in AD brains, mitochondrially associated APP formed stable ∼480 kDa complexes with the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOM40) import channel and a super complex of ∼620 kDa with both mitochondrial TOM40 and the translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 23 (TIM23) import channel TIM23 in an "N in mitochondria -C out cytoplasm " orientation. (jneurosci.org)

But because the change to the mitochondrial DNA is permanent, the technique will not only prevent the child inheriting mitochondrial disease but also any of their descendants. (newscientist.com)

To explore the consequences of mitochondrial Ca 2+ accumulation, we tested the effects of kaempferol, an activator of mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter (MCU), CGP-37157, an inhibitor of mitochondrial Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, and MCU inhibitor Ru360 in rat ventricular myocytes (VMs) from control rats and rats with hypertrophy induced by thoracic aortic banding (TAB). (umn.edu)

Hence, our data provide novel molecular insights and platform for future studies into ER-mitochondrial interaction and position Sel1L-Hrd1 ERAD at the center of organelle crosstalk. (diabetesjournals.org)
The mitochondrion is a membrane bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. (justia.com)
Mitochondrion is an organelle that plays a critical role in the survival and function of cells. (fda.gov)
MITIG will target both paths for mitochondrial importation to remodel organelle content and address i) how incorporation of exogenous mitochondria impacts respiratory metabolism in GBM cells and iii) the relevance of this metabolic rewiring for tumour development in vivo. (europa.eu)
Here, using human stem cell differentiated retinal ganglion cells (hRGCs) we have shown hRGCs are efficient in degrading damaged mitochondria and producing simultaneously healthy organelle for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. (wms-site.com)
The new company's name alludes to the squiggly membrane folds within the organelle it targets: the mitochondria. (acs.org)
Mitochondrion is a common membrane-coated organelle that participates in energy conversion, homeostasis of calcium, cell signaling and cell death. (rsc.org)
High-energy electrons are stripped from nutrients and used to fuel the four Complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETS), which use the electrons' energy to pump hydrogen ions across a membrane inside the organelle. (sens.org)

Because there are FDA-regulated drugs (e.g., anti-HIV drugs, anti-cancer drugs) that cause mitochondrial injury, it is important to understand the mechanism of mitochondrial injury and to develop measures for prevention of mitochondrial damage. (fda.gov)
NCTR has published several papers illustrating the mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity in response to different drugs in the mouse and rat. (fda.gov)
This study suggests the enhancement of Δp by mito-dR as a therapeutic mechanism that ameliorates neurodegeneration by protecting mitochondrial functions. (nature.com)
However, the mechanism by which mitochondrial translation inhibition elicits these responses is not clear. (elsevierpure.com)
But the mechanism that the mitophagy machinery uses to determine whether a given mitochondrion is damaged or not is unable to pick up on large deletions, giving them a kind of "cloaking device. (sens.org)
However, the mechanism used by SARS-CoV-2 to disrupt mitochondrial metabolism is unknown. (frontiersin.org)

Structures of the human mitochondrial ribosome bound to EF-G1 reveal distinct features of mitochondrial translation elongation. (nih.gov)

The method involves microinjecting heterologous mitochondria into an oocyte or embryonic cell wherein the heterologous mitochondria are capable of achieving at least normal levels of mitochondrial membrane potential in the oocyte or embryonic cell. (justia.com)

Using a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques such as Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) and Serial Block-face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBEM), revealed that mitochondria in Sel1L-deficient brown adipocytes are dramatically enlarged and polymorphic in response to acute cold challenge. (diabetesjournals.org)
This key function of mitochondria is executed via oxidative phosphorylation, which is composed of four complexes (I through IV) of the electron transport chain that couple with complex V to produce energy as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). (fda.gov)
The electron leak is thought to primarily occur in complex I and complex III where electrons react with O 2 , forming superoxide, the primary ROS from mitochondria. (nature.com)
The electron transport chain (ETC) within the mitochondria is the principle source of ATP within cardiac muscle. (bmj.com)

Mitochondria perform numerous essential tasks in the eukaryotic cell such as pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle and metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids and steroids. (justia.com)
By studying mitochondrial import, MITIG hopes to find new targets for therapy and advance our knowledge of cancer metabolism, growth, and resistance to treatment. (europa.eu)
Modulation of mitochondrial function thus represents a primary target to rewire metabolism and counteract tumour progression and chemotherapy resistance. (europa.eu)
7,8 Chloroquine, an United States Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitor of autophagy, has been revealed to possess antitumor property for impairing mitochondrial metabolism. (rsc.org)
However, while there are a few studies investigating the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mitochondrial metabolism, the effect on the transcription of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs has not been investigated yet. (frontiersin.org)
This result suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 infection somehow affected the metabolism of small mitochondrial RNAs specifically without altering the overall mitochondrial transcription. (frontiersin.org)

For incomplete MOMP, mitochondrial membranes become permeable in most, but not all, the cell's mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)

Zika virus modulates mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondria-derived vesicles to facilitate viral replication in trophoblast cells. (bvsalud.org)

During MOMP, it takes about five minutes for all mitochondrial membranes within a cell to permeabilize. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to bulk ER, Stbd1 was found to localize to mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), which represent regions of close apposition between the ER and mitochondria. (imperial.ac.uk)
This being the case, the action would be mediated by the permeability of its membranes, through the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and would involve phenomena such as the dissipation of the mitochondrial electrochemical potential and the release of substances from within it. (lu.se)

At the forefront of this gathering is Prof. Yuma Yamada of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, who will give a standout presentation on "Targeting Mitochondria Based on Mitochondrial Drug Delivery Systems (DDS). (wms-site.com)
Dr. Paul Hwang, Senior Investigator at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, USA will present his latest finding targeting mitochondria in chr. (wms-site.com)

The brain is particularly dependent on mitochondrial activity due to both its high levels of energy use and its inability to store large amounts of energy reserves in the form of glycogen. (frontiersin.org)

The resulting picture shows that the modulation of mitochondrial activity by exercise is not only fundamental for physical performance but also a key point for whole-organism well-being. (ugr.es)
In a pathophysiological setting pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake or retention has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to improve metabolic homeostasis or attenuate Ca 2+ -dependent arrhythmias in cardiac disease states. (umn.edu)

Mitochondrial translation is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial function and mutations in this system lead to a breakdown in the respiratory chain-oxidative phosphorylation system and to impaired maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. (nih.gov)

Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. (nih.gov)

In this study, we introduced a light-driven proton transporter, Delta-rhodopsin (dR), to Drosophila mitochondria, where the mitochondrial proton-motive force (Δp) and mitochondrial membrane potential are maintained in a light-dependent manner. (nature.com)
Experiments with mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive dye TMRM revealed this was accompanied by depolarization of the mitochondrial matrix. (umn.edu)
4 The mitochondrial membrane potential of cancer cells (∼−220 mV) is more negative than that of normal cells (∼−160 mV). 5 Therefore, mitochondria have been regarded as a novel target for cancer therapy. (rsc.org)

US 2012/0058091 discloses diagnostic and therapeutic treatments related to mitochondrial disorders. (justia.com)
WO 2017/124037 relates to compositions comprising isolated mitochondria or combined mitochondrial agents and methods of treating disorders using such compositions. (justia.com)
Therefore, mitochondrial malfunction can lead to a broad gamut of disorders. (holtorfmed.com)
Part of the reason that mitochondrial disorders present so many varied symptoms is because it is highly integrated with most of the body. (holtorfmed.com)
Maglioni S, Ventura N. (2016) C. elegans as a model organism for human mitochondrial associated disorders. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)

Nuclear transfer efficiency is enhanced by introduction of compatible cytoplasm or mitochondrial DNA (same species or similar to donor cell or nucleus). (justia.com)
WO 2013/002880 describes compositions and methods comprising bio-energetic agents for restoring the quality of aged oocytes, enhancing oogonial stem cells or improving derivatives thereof (e.g., cytoplasm or isolated mitochondria) for use in fertility-enhancing procedures. (justia.com)
[ 2 ] Oncocytic cells in the thyroid are often called Hürthle cells, and oncocytic change is defined as cellular enlargement characterized by an abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm as a result of accumulation of altered mitochondria. (medscape.com)

9 Although the design of nanoparticles with triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP, the mitochondrion-targeting moiety) offers potential for mitochondrion-targeting therapeutics, it is still a challenge to actively deliver therapeutic agents to mitochondria due to the selective permeability of the mitochondrial membrane. (rsc.org)
AIMS: To review the role played by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in different physiological and pathological processes. (lu.se)

These cellular defects were improved by the light-dependent activation of mitochondrion-targeted dR (mito-dR). (nature.com)
Since viral infections are known to exploit mitochondria -mediated cellular processes, we investigated the effects of ZIKV infection in trophoblast cells in terms of the different mitochondrial quality control pathways that govern mitochondrial integrity and function. (bvsalud.org)
Mitochondria provide and regulate cellular energy and are crucial for proper neuronal activity and survival. (scirp.org)
This in part is mediated via enhanced mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake, an important regulator of cellular ATP homeostasis. (umn.edu)
Mitochondria play an important role in supplying cellular energy, cell signaling and governing cell death. (rsc.org)
But just like real power plants, mitochondria generate toxic waste products in the process of "burning" food energy as fuel - in this case, spewing out highly-reactive molecules called free radicals, which can damage cellular structures. (sens.org)
This has the perverse result that the cell tends to hang onto these defective, mutant mitochondria , while sending others with much more common but milder defects to the cellular recycling center. (sens.org)
The mitochondrion seems to play an important part in the cellular decision making that leads, irreversibly, toward the execution phase in cellular death processes. (lu.se)

Thus, using publicly available data, I explored the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the expression of several mitochondrial non-coding RNAs in patients recovering from COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)

MITIG capitalizes on the recent reported ability of gliomas to import exogenous mitochondria, either isolated or transferred from surrounding neural cells in the brain, to foster tumour development and malignancy in vivo. (europa.eu)

The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome is endowed with a number of specific features. (nature.com)
Structural insights into mammalian mitochondrial translation elongation catalyzed by mtEFG1. (nih.gov)

Disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics may contribute to the selective degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). (jneurosci.org)
However, little is known about the normal functions of mitochondrial dynamics in these neurons, especially in axons where degeneration begins, and this makes it difficult to understand the disease process. (jneurosci.org)
In this work, we show that the Sel1L-Hrd1 ERAD complex is essential for cold-induced thermogenesis in part by managing mitochondrial dynamics and ER-mitochondria contact in brown adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Here we demonstrate that ZIKV (PRVABC59) infection of JEG-3 trophoblast cells manipulates mitochondrial dynamics , mitophagy , and formation of mitochondria -derived vesicles (MDVs). (bvsalud.org)

Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use. (medlineplus.gov)

However, in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a subset of midbrain DA neurons characterized by small hyperpolarization-activated cation currents ( I h ) is spared, despite near complete loss of their axonal mitochondria. (jneurosci.org)
In vitro OGD of sex unique cerebral granule neurons (CGNs) reveals sex-dependent responses with XY cells protecting mobile ATP, mitochondrial and fewer mobile dying vs. XX CGNs. (calcium-channel.com)
The objective of this study was to determine the protective effects of the mitochondria-targeted molecules MitoQ and SS31 in striatal neurons that stably express mutant huntingtin (Htt) (STHDhQ111/Q111) in Huntington's disease (HD). (elsevierpure.com)
TEM studies revealed decreased numbers of structurally intact mitochondria in MitoQ- and SS31-treated mutant Htt neurons. (elsevierpure.com)
These findings suggest that mitochondria-targeted molecules MitoQ and SS31 are protective against mutant Htt-induced mitochondrial and synaptic damage in HD neurons, and these mitochondria-targeted molecules are potential therapeutic molecules for the treatment of HD neurons. (elsevierpure.com)

Our cells have a system in place ( mitophagy ) for removing defective mitochondria, following which the remaining mitochondria are replicated to make up for lost numbers, so you wouldn't think this would be a problem. (sens.org)

Lastly, Sel1L affects mitochondrial biology as a part of the Hrd1 ERAD complex, as adipocyte-specific Hrd1-deficient mouse, phenocopy Sel1L-deficient mice in terms of mitochondrial phenotype. (diabetesjournals.org)

This NCTR MitoChip webpage is created to provide comprehensive knowledge and resources on mitochondrial function, mitochondrial injury, and mitchondrial toxicity, while also reporting progress on NCTR's contributions to mitochondrial research. (fda.gov)

A common feature in GBM, as in many other cancers, is their escape to the retrograde signalling and metabolic regulation exerted by mitochondria -the bioenergetic central of the cell. (europa.eu)
In a physiological setting, mitochondria increase oxidative phosphorylation during periods of stress to meet increased metabolic demand. (umn.edu)

M. Dumont, M. T. Lin and M. F. Beal, "Mitochondria and Antioxidant Targeted Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease," Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, Vol. 20, 2010, pp. 633-643. (scirp.org)

Mitochondria are the main energy factories of eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondria are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells and vary in number and location depending on the cell type. (justia.com)

These findings suggest facilitation of mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake in cardiac disease can exacerbate proarrhythmic disturbances in Ca 2+ homeostasis via ROS and enhanced activity of oxidized RyRs, while strategies to reduce mitochondrial Ca 2+ accumulation can be protective. (umn.edu)
Nanomaterial inhalation affects lung mitochondria, but cardiac mitochondrial effects are not well defined. (cdc.gov)
The current study investigated the impact of pulmonary exposure to various carbon-based nanomaterial s on the function of cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations. (cdc.gov)
Four or 24 h after exposure, cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations were isolated and run through polarographic assessments for mitochondrial oxygen consumption. (cdc.gov)

Overall, the data suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial function and depression that warrants further investigation. (frontiersin.org)
A precise coordination between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is, therefore, crucial for optimum mitochondrial function. (fda.gov)
Impairment in mitochondrial function, therefore, can be injurious to these organs. (fda.gov)
Consistently, further studies show that Hat1 -/- MEFs exhibit mitochondrial defects suggesting a critical role for Hat1 in mitochondrial function. (nih.gov)
These genetic changes impair the normal function of mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)
This vicious cycle continually worsens mitochondrial and immune system function, which promotes the occurrence of chronic conditions and severe disease. (holtorfmed.com)
Recent studies have identified the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) as a regulator of mitochondrial function in tissues specialized for thermogenesis, such as brown adipose. (jci.org)

The resulting child will have nuclear DNA from the woman and her partner, and mitochondrial DNA from the donor. (newscientist.com)
A donated egg cell from a healthy individual is stripped of its nuclear DNA before being replaced with the DNA from a fertilized egg of a woman at risk of having children with mitochondrial disease. (mitochondrialdiseasenews.com)
The study also addressed an important issue with mitochondrial replacement - the risk that diseased mitochondria are inadvertently transferred along with the nuclear DNA. (mitochondrialdiseasenews.com)

A ) Schematic of the mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis pathway and downstream lipoic acid synthesis. (elifesciences.org)
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is involved in the first step in glycerolipid synthesis and is localized in both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. (elsevierpure.com)
We postulate from these results that LPA produced by Mt-GPAT functions not only as a precursor for glycerolipid synthesis but also as an essential factor of mitochondrial fusion. (elsevierpure.com)

The Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Disease has published strong evidence supporting a new in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure that allows for mitochondrial replacement - lowering the risk of babies being born with inherited mitochondrial mutations. (mitochondrialdiseasenews.com)
This in vitro fertilization technique requires mitochondria from a donor egg, in addition to genetic information from a mother and father. (sciencenews.org)

Mitochondrion 2022 0 0. (cdc.gov)

Nevertheless, the mechanisms related to the impairment of mitochondrial functions specific to AD remain unclear. (jneurosci.org)
Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA can lead to blindness, seizures, dementia or mental impairment, and early death. (newscientist.com)

Finally, multi-processes of intracellular trafficking should be sophisticatedly regulated so as to release a drug carrier from the endosome to the cytosol, and thereafter to deliver to the mitochondria. (hokudai.ac.jp)

Mitochondrial accumulation of APP was also observed in the cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neuronal types in the category III AD brains. (jneurosci.org)
In periodically paced VMs under β-adrenergic stimulation, treatment with kaempferol (10 μmol/L) or CGP-37157 (1 μmol/L) enhanced mitochondrial Ca 2+ accumulation monitored by mitochondrial-targeted Ca 2+ biosensor mtRCamp1h. (umn.edu)

Anatomy32

Organisms11

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs145

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes48

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Dysfunction42

Role of mitochondria2

Biogenesis10

MtDNA14

Genes18

Genome10

Protein14

Proteins9

202313

Mutations in mitochondrial2

Reactive oxygen5

Respiration4

Diseases16

Dysfunctional mitochondria2

Affected by mitochondrial disease2

Gene9

Apoptosis8

Disruption3

Outer mitochon1

Inheriting mitochondrial disease1

Consequences of mitochondrial1

Organelle8

Mechanism6

Human mitochondrial ribosome1

Levels of mitochondrial1

Electron4

Metabolism6

Cell's2

Modulates mitochondrial1

Membranes3

Targeting Mitochondria2

Dependent on mitochondrial1

Modulation of mitochondrial2

Maintenance of mitochondrial1

Ribosomes1

Membrane potential3

Disorders5

Cytoplasm3

Permeability2

Cellular8

Several mitochondrial1

Exogenous mitochondria1

Mammalian mitochondrial2

Dynamics4

Structures1

Neurons5

Mitophagy1

Mice1

Toxicity1

Metabolic2

Alzheimer's1

Eukaryotic cells2

Cardiac4

Function7

Nuclear3

Synthesis3

Vitro2

20221

Impairment2

Cytosol1

Accumulation2