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Receptors, ChemokineChemokinesChemokine CXCL12Chemokine CXCL10Chemokine CXCL13Chemokine CXCL6Chemokine CXCL1Chemokine CXCL11Chemokine CXCL9Chemokines, CXCChemokine CXCL5Receptors, CXCR4Receptors, CXCRReceptors, CXCR3Chemokine CCL5Chemokine CCL2Chemokine CCL4Amino Acid MotifsChemokine CCL21Chemokine CCL3Chemokine CCL22Chemokine CCL17Chemokine CXCL2Chemokine CCL19Chemokine CX3CL1Receptors, Interleukin-8BChemokines, CCReceptors, CXCR5CytokinesChemotaxis, LeukocyteChemokine CCL7Chemokine CCL20Chemokine CCL11Chemokine CCL1Interleukin-8Cell MovementMice, Inbred C57BLCells, CulturedChemokine CCL27ChemotaxisReceptors, CCR2Receptors, ScavengerSignal TransductionReceptors, CCR1RNA, MessengerReceptors, CytokineReceptors, CCR5Heterocyclic CompoundsChemokine CCL8Mice, KnockoutMacrophage Inflammatory ProteinsGene Expression RegulationMolecular Sequence DataPlatelet Factor 4Flow CytometryInflammationReceptors, CCR4Up-RegulationNeutrophil InfiltrationReceptors, CCR3Cell LineMice, Inbred BALB CInterferon-gammaT-LymphocytesSuppressor of Cytokine Signaling ProteinsReceptors, Interleukin-8AAmino Acid SequenceReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionReceptors, CCR7MacrophagesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayReceptors, CCR10Protein BindingReceptors, CCR8Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaChemokine CCL24Cell Line, TumorCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesDisease Models, AnimalMonocyte Chemoattractant ProteinsImmunohistochemistryGene ExpressionReceptors, CCRMonocytesChemokines, CX3CMice, TransgenicChemotactic FactorsBase SequenceNucleotide MotifsCell AdhesionInterleukin-6Receptors, CCR6Cell ProliferationTh2 CellsTransfectionEndothelial CellsBlotting, WesternMonokinesDendritic CellsLigands
ReceptorsCCL2InflammatoryProinflammatory cytokinesReceptorMonocytesSuperfamilyProduced and secretedCXCL11AntiviralProteins secretedChemotaxisLymphocytesChemoattractantCXCL12CellsCXCR3SubfamiliesGene expressionPathwaysGenesThymusTranscriptionMechanismsBiologicalLevelsMigrationExpressionMultipleRoleFoundProduction
Receptors16
CCL25
  • Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, also called chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, CCL2) is a chemokine that recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection. (quanterix.com)
  • In this study we determined gene expression and secretion patterns for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and T-cell specific CXCR3 agonistic chemokines (Mig/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, and I-TAC/CXCL11) in TNF-α-, IFN-γ-, and IL-1β-stimulated human alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC-II). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment of AEC-II with proinflammatory cytokines up-regulated both CCL2 mRNA expression and release of immunoreactive CCL2, whereas IFN-γ had no effect on CCL2 release. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, we localized the CCL2 and CXCL10 mRNAs in human lung tissue explants by in situ hybridization, and demonstrated the selective effects of cytokines and dexamethasone on CCL2 and CXCL10 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data suggest that the regulation of the CCL2 and CXCL10 expression exhibit significant differences in their mechanisms, and also demonstrate that the alveolar epithelium contributes to the cytokine milieu of the lung, with the ability to respond to locally generated cytokines and to produce potent mediators of the local inflammatory response. (biomedcentral.com)
Inflammatory17
  • MIP-3β (macrophage inflammatory protein-3-beta ), also known as (Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) and EBI1 ligand chemokine (ELC) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. (quanterix.com)
  • Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other chemokines are inflammatory and are released from a wide variety of cells in response to bacterial infection, viruses and agents that cause physical damage such as silica or the urate crystals that occur in gout. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their release is often stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inflammatory chemokines function mainly as chemoattractants for leukocytes, recruiting monocytes, neutrophils and other effector cells from the blood to sites of infection or tissue damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Certain inflammatory chemokines activate cells to initiate an immune response or promote wound healing. (wikipedia.org)
  • for example, CCL20 can act also as pro-inflammatory chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main function of chemokines is to manage the migration of leukocytes (homing) in the respective anatomical locations in inflammatory and homeostatic processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, located at the boundary between the alveolar airspace and the interstitium, alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC-II) are ideally situated to regulate the recruitment and activation of different types of leukocytes through the production of chemokines/cytokines in response to inflammatory stimulation from the alveolar space. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. (lookformedical.com)
  • Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • This can be recapitulated in vitro by treating MSCs with inflammatory cytokines TNF α and IFN γ , which induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The glycolysis-dependent anti-inflammatory property of MSCs conferred by inflammatory cytokines is mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and chemokines (IL-8 and others) are produced by activated chondrocytes in OA [ 3 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IL-1β is an inflammatory cytokine and its inhibition has been shown to ameliorate osteoarthritis-like pathology in animal models [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells can be affected by numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, and chemokines. (frontiersin.org)
  • The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells is accompanied by large-scale changes in the coordinated expression of numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors (TFs) and chemokines that are correlated with their survival, effector function, and self-renewal ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Proinflammatory cytokines1
  • TREX1 −/− macrophages did not exhibit significant augmented ability to produce proinflammatory cytokines compared with normal macrophages following exposure to STING-dependent activators, but rather appeared chronically stimulated by genomic DNA. (aai.org)
Receptor4
  • It is expressed at high levels in the lymph nodes, thymus and appendix, and elicits its effects on its target cells by binding to the chemokine receptor chemokine receptor CCR7. (quanterix.com)
  • Their homeostatic function in homing is best exemplified by the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 (expressed within lymph nodes and on lymphatic endothelial cells) and their receptor CCR7 (expressed on cells destined for homing in cells to these organs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Table 1 CXC- C- CX3C- and CC-chemokine and receptor families As the CXC-chemokines CXCL1 and GW788388 CXCL8 have been associated with tumour growth metastasis and angiogenesis I concentrate on these important chemokines. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. (cancerindex.org)
Monocytes4
Superfamily2
Produced and secreted1
  • These are known as homeostatic chemokines and are produced and secreted without any need to stimulate their source cells. (wikipedia.org)
CXCL112
  • Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (ITAC), also known as CXCL11 (C-X-C motif chemokine 11), is a protein found in several organs including the pancreas, liver, thymus, spleen, and lung. (quanterix.com)
  • IFN-γ, alone or in combination with IL-1β and TNF-α resulted in an increase in CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL9 mRNA expression and generation of CXCL10 protein by AEC-II or A549 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Antiviral3
  • Type-I interferons (IFN-I) are cytokines essential for vertebrate antiviral defense, including against herpesviruses. (mdpi.com)
  • Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a potent antiviral cytokine that can be produced by many innate and adaptive immune cells during infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is a cytokine with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulating activity. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins secreted1
  • Chemokines (from Ancient Greek χῠμείᾱ (khumeíā) 'alchemy', and κῑ́νησῐς (kī́nēsis) 'movement'), or chemotactic cytokines, are a family of small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells that induce directional movement of leukocytes, as well as other cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Chemotaxis2
  • ITAC is a cytokine stimulated by IFNβ and IFNγ to induce chemotaxis in activated T cells. (quanterix.com)
  • In addition to being known for mediating chemotaxis, chemokines are all approximately 8-10 kilodaltons in mass and have four cysteine residues in conserved locations that are key to forming their 3-dimensional shape. (wikipedia.org)
Lymphocytes2
  • Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
  • Some chemokines control cells of the immune system during processes of immune surveillance, such as directing lymphocytes to the lymph nodes so they can screen for invasion of pathogens by interacting with antigen-presenting cells residing in these tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Chemoattractant1
CXCL121
  • As well CXCL12 (SDF-1) constitutively produced in the bone marrow promotes proliferation of progenitor B cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. (wikipedia.org)
Cells5
  • First, γδ T cells exposed to complicated cytokine networks are potentially affected by multiple inhibitory mechanisms. (explorationpub.com)
  • IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10, CXCL10) is a 10 kDa chemokine secreted from cells stimulated with type I and II interferons (IFNs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (quanterix.com)
  • Cells that are attracted by chemokines follow a signal of increasing chemokine concentration towards the source of the chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
  • In part the endogenous transcription of chemokine genes in melanoma cells is due to altered NF-κB activation. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Various cytokines, transcription factors, and other regulatory molecules have been found to be differentially methylated in CD8+ T cells in autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
CXCR31
Subfamilies2
  • Chemokines regulate the transport activation and sometimes proliferation of several cell types including myeloid lymphoid GW788388 endothelial and epithelial cells1 2 There are four chemokine subfamilies - CXC C CX3C and CC - based on the positions of conserved cysteine residues near the amino terminus of the proteins1 (TABLE 1). (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • They are classified into four subfamilies on the basis of the primary sequence of the first two of four invariant cysteine residues, and named according to the recommendation for new systematic nomenclature for human chemokines [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene expression1
Pathways1
Genes5
Thymus1
Transcription1
  • VPF In this review I discuss the factors that lie upstream of the NF-κB cascade that are activated during tumorigenesis and the role of the putative NF-κB enhanceosome in constitutive chemokine gene transcription during tumorigenesis. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Mechanisms1
  • In this review I explore the mechanisms by which constitutively activated kinases that GW788388 function upstream of the NF-κB cascade facilitate chemokine-mediated tumorigenesis. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Biological1
  • In addition to playing a major role in the activation of host immune responses, chemokines are important for biological processes, including morphogenesis and wound healing, as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases like cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Levels5
  • IP- 10 is constitutively expressed at low levels in thymic, splenic, and lymph node stroma. (quanterix.com)
  • A membrane-based antibody array for the parallel determination of the relative levels of selected mouse cytokines and chemokines. (rndsystems.com)
  • Simultaneously detect the levels of these cytokines, chemokines, and acute phase proteins in a single sample. (rndsystems.com)
  • Recently, TREX1 mutations have been identified in patients with severe SLE and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), which presents as a lethal neurologic syndrome with patients harboring high cytokine levels ( 4 - 8 ). (aai.org)
  • Symptoms were evaluated by visual scoring, quantification of paw swelling, determination of cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histologic analysis. (cnrs.fr)
Migration1
  • Chemokines are functionally divided into two groups: Homeostatic: are constitutively produced in certain tissues and are responsible for basal leukocyte migration. (wikipedia.org)
Expression2
  • they are often expressed in response to the induction of expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by cytokines or other stimuli. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Determining the expression of multiple cytokines in a single sample can be expensive, time consuming and can require specialized equipment. (rndsystems.com)
Multiple3
  • Why Use an Antibody Array to Detect Multiple Cytokines? (rndsystems.com)
  • The use of a multiplex antibody array to detect multiple cytokines in a single sample can be cost-effective and also save time and sample. (rndsystems.com)
  • The Mouse Cytokine Array detects multiple analytes in cell culture lysates and supernates. (rndsystems.com)
Role1
Found1
  • Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria, but none have been found in other invertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
Production2
  • Thus, IL-1β can shift the balance between the biosynthesis and the degradation of extracellular matrix components (via production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs [ADAMTSs], in the cartilage and transform chondrocytes to display the catabolic phenotype seen in OA [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • characterized by high cytokine production) ( 1 - 3 ). (aai.org)