• Constitutional PV's in the tumor suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) result in constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway through deregulation of β-catenin, causing downstream effects on proliferation and differentiation within colonic crypts. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein binds to beta-catenin, a protein recently shown to interact with Tcf and Lef transcription factors. (bioseek.eu)
  • Mutations in the Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are responsible for the majority of cases of FAP. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) on chromosome 5q22.2 are responsible for the most cases of FAP. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Loss of APC function results in increased level of β-catenin and activation of growth-promoting genes via the increased β-catenin/Tcf-4 transcription complexes, subsequently leading to the development of adenomatous colorectal polyps at a young age ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The regular observation of constitutive activation of Wnt signaling because of loss-of-function mutations within the tumor suppressor gene APC or gain-of-function mutation in β-catenin both in adenomas and carcinomas suggests probably the fact that Wnt pathway acts an early on or initiating insult within the oncogenic procedure. (gasyblog.com)
  • 2010 Steroidogenic Factor 1 in Normal and Neoplastic Adrenocortical Growth The expression of the orphan nuclear receptor Sf1 defines the adrenogonadal lineages during development as Apaziquone evidenced by gonadal and adrenal aplasia in Sf1 knockout mice and patients with loss-of-function mutations in the Sf1 gene. (gasyblog.com)
  • Loss-of-function mutations in APC or AXIN or activating mutations in the gene encoding β-catenin, CTNNB1 , lead to aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and have been causally linked to tumorigenesis of the colon, liver and skin [1] , [4] . (plos.org)
  • Although mutations in these same genes have not been observed as recurrent genetic events in breast tumors, there is strong evidence implicating Wnt/β-catenin activity in breast tumorigenesis. (plos.org)
  • Most of the mutations causing FAP are nonsense or frameshift mutations, and can result in premature stop codons thus produce truncated APC proteins ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • APC mutations occur early during colorectal tumorigenesis. (esmed.org)
  • Stabilization of β-Catenin can be achieved directly by mutation of phosphorylation sites in β-Catenin [ 15 ] or indirectly by inactivation of the destruction complex (mostly through APC inactivating mutations). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hotspot mutations in Gα s (R201 and Q227) as well as Gα q and Gα 11 (R183 and Q209) disrupt the GTPase activity, thereby leading to constitutive activity and persistent signalling. (nature.com)
  • Deep sequencing studies show that 4.2% of tumours carry activating mutations in GNAS (encoding Gα s ), and that oncogenic activating mutations in genes encoding Gα q family members ( GNAQ or GNA11 ) are present in ∼ 66% and ∼ 6% of melanomas arising in the eye and skin, respectively. (nature.com)
  • ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Mutations and gene amplifications that confer drug resistance emerge frequently during chemotherapy, but their mechanism and timing are poorly understood. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Lysosomal function is critical for organismal homeostasis-mutations in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause severe human disorders known as lysosomal storage diseases, and lysosome dysfunction is implicated in age-associated diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. (stanford.edu)
  • Stimulation of the Wnt signaling pathway leads to the association of β-catenin with BCL9, translocation to the nucleus, and association with TCF7L2, which in turn results in the activation of Wnt target genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The activation of the Wnt target genes specifically represses proglucagon synthesis in enteroendocrine cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Constitutive transcriptional activation by a beta-catenin-Tcf complex in APC-/- colon carcinoma. (bioseek.eu)
  • Hyperactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via truncation of Apc or constitutive activation of β-catenin induces desmoid tumors in X. tropicalis. (xenbase.org)
  • 2007 These data together with the plethora of data describing the function of Sf1 because the obligate activator of all steroidogeneic enzymes within the adrenal cortex facilitates the essential function of Sf1 both in proliferation and differentiation (steroidogenesis) from the adult gland and anticipate unique systems of Sf1 activation that preferentially employ transcription of genes that regulate proliferation versus differentiation. (gasyblog.com)
  • It's been popular that inactivating mutation of APC gene continues to NVP-231 manufacture be regarded as an important event for constitutive activation of Wnt/-catenin signaling mutation that leads to carcinogenesis and development in CRC [12, 13]. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Integrated cross-species molecular and transcriptomic analyses identified Y-chromosome gene histone demethylase KDM5D as a transcriptionally up-regulated gene driven by KRAS*-mediated activation of the STAT4 transcription factor in cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
  • The gene expression before and after Wnt activation is compared within each intestinal origin and across the three locations using RNA sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In reaction to Wnt activation we observe downregulation of location specific genes and differentiation markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This result is expected because our models involve KRASmut, and published papers show that KRASmut results in constitutive activation of ERK [41, 42] . (researchgate.net)
  • NF-κB constitutive activation is found either in aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) with an activated phenotype (ABC-DLBCL), or in indolent B-cell lymphomas such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MZL) [ 4 ]. (springer.com)
  • Kiyoi H, Towatari M, Yokota S, Hamaguchi M, Ohno R, Saito H, Naoe T. Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene is a novel modality of elongation mutation which causes constitutive activation of the product. (banglajol.info)
  • A) X. tropicalis carrying a germline heterozygous 1-base pair deletion in the MCR of the apc gene (c.4120del, apcMCR-Δ1/+) develop desmoid tumors with a 100% penetrance at 3 y of age (Left). (xenbase.org)
  • B) apc CRISPR/Cas9 injections in the vegetal-dorsal blastomere leads to mosaic mutant animals that manifest several desmoid tumors. (xenbase.org)
  • Penetrance of desmoid tumors by 3 mo of age is 100% for apc CRISPR/Cas9-injected animals and 87.5% for ctnnb1 base-edited animals (Scale bar in histology picture, 100 µm). (xenbase.org)
  • Assessing and classifying editing outcomes at CRISPR/Cas9 target sites of candidate dependency genes in apc mutant desmoid tumors. (xenbase.org)
  • Desmoid tumors were dissected from 3-mo-old postmetamorphic animals, and both CRISPR/Cas9 target sites were subjected to targeted amplicon sequencing to determine gene editing outcomes. (xenbase.org)
  • In contrast, transcriptional regulation of the ESR1 gene promoter was described in a number of studies to be an important mechanism for overexpression and maintenance of ER expression in breast tumors [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Conversely, iAP mice engineered with a Kdm5d transgene to provide constitutive Kdm5d expression specifically in iAP cancer cells exhibited an increased propensity for more invasive tumors in vivo . (tmc.edu)
  • Additional screens for MMTV provirus entry sites in tumors revealed several other upregulated genes that are associated with other gene development pathways such as INT2, INT3, and INT4 [4,5,6]. (chemdiv.com)
  • Studies have also identified other contender genes and genomic disruptions in human pancreatic exocrine tumors classified patients into different subclasses based on tumor histotypes and cancer-specific chromosomal rearrangements ( 7 - 9 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Reintroduction of APC removed beta-catenin from hTcf-4 and abrogated the transcriptional transactivation. (bioseek.eu)
  • In the absence of Wnt signaling, we found that Tcf factors associate with proteins of the Groucho family of transcriptional repressors to repress target gene transcription (9). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Significantly differentially expressed (SDE) immunological genes and transcription factor (TF) were selected for functional pathways and transcriptional signaling identification. (frontiersin.org)
  • Twenty-four potential transcriptional regulatory pathways were identified based on SDE TFs matched with their corresponding SDE immunological genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) certainly are a course of noncoding little RNAs that play important roles within the modulation of varied biological procedures through straight binding towards the 3 untranslated area (3-UTR) of focus on genes, which leading to posttranscriptional inhibition and mRNA cleavage [16, 17]. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • The mRNA level of these genes was measured in 78 paired colorectal cancer samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nevertheless, it's been reported the mutation of APC cannot completely explain the reason why of colorectal tumor carcinogenesis [14, 15]. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • This pathway describes progression of a serrated precursor lesion, often followed by the onset of epigenetic instability involving promoter methylation and silencing of key tumour suppressor genes, and accounts for 15%-20% of sporadic colorectal cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This latter pathway involves the previously well-defined series of genetic aberrations such as APC mutation and chromosomal instability and accounts for the majority of colorectal cancer [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The Tcf4-driven target gene program in colorectal cancer cells is the malignant counterpart of a physiological gene program in selfrenewing crypts (13, 14). (hubrecht.eu)
  • In colorectal cancer, an early mutation leading to such features usually occurs in the APC or CTNNB1 genes, thereby activating Wnt signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An activating hotspot mutation occurs at V600E and results in constitutive MAPK signalling and uncontrolled cellular growth. (hindawi.com)
  • Based on an established filtering strategy and data analyses, along with confirmation by Sanger sequencing and co‑segregation, a novel frameshift mutation c.1317delA (p.Ala440LeufsTer14) in exon 10 of the APC gene was identified. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This novel frameshift mutation causing FAP not only expands the germline mutation spectrum of the APC gene in the Chinese population, but it also increases the understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic correlations of FAP, and may potentially lead to improved genetic counseling and specific treatment for families with FAP in the future. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Germline mutation of one TP53 allele is found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who generally inherit a mutated TP53 gene from an affected parent. (medscape.com)
  • Transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-cell specific, HMG-box), also known as TCF7L2 or TCF4, is a protein acting as a transcription factor that, in humans, is encoded by the TCF7L2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Raf family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (hindawi.com)
  • The tumor suppressor protein APC forms the core of a cytoplasmic complex which binds ß-catenin and targets it for degradation in the proteasome. (hubrecht.eu)
  • The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
  • The APC protein, which comprises of 2843 amino acids, plays an important role in the β-catenin nuclear localization ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These alterations may arise from cancer-specific changes in gene copy number, as well as from other genetic, epigenetic and post-translational changes resulting in higher protein expression, thereby enhancing tumour progression and metastasis. (nature.com)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • As an example TP 53 refers to the gene and p53 refers to the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • Cytoplasmic -catenin is definitely managed by the degradation complicated made up of adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), Axin, proteins phosphatase 2A (PP2A), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3) and casein kinase 1 (CK1) [6C9]. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
  • PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC) are ligands of CD279 (PD-1) and are members of the B7 gene family. (biolegend.com)
  • Evidence suggests overlapping functions for these two PD-1 ligands and their constitutive expression on some normal tissues and upregulation on activated antigen-presenting cells. (biolegend.com)
  • In the absence of Wnt ligands, a complex containing APC, AXIN and GSK3 phosphorylates β-catenin, marking it as a substrate for ubiquitination by β-TrCP and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (plos.org)
  • Nuclei of APC-/- colon carcinoma cells were found to contain a stable beta-catenin-hTcf-4 complex that was constitutively active, as measured by transcription of a Tcf reporter gene. (bioseek.eu)
  • beta-catenin thus binds to TCF factors at Wnt-responsive enhancers to switch on the transcription of linked genes. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Correlation analysis between the change in the expression of genes involved in glycolysis and EMT was performed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results of correlation study showed that the expression of HK3 demonstrated a strong correlation with 7 of the 21 examined genes ( ZEB2, GREM1, TGFB3, TGFB1, SNAI2, TWIST1, and COL1A1 ) in CRC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Competition for PRPF8 availability alters the transcription-coupled splicing of RNAs in which weak 5′ splice sites predominate, enabling diversification of human gene expression during biological processes like mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To validate and generalize our findings, we use gene expression data from patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A similar effect is seen in patient data, where genes with significant differential expression between the normal left and right colon are downregulated in the cancer samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The y-axis shows the fold change in gene expression in ΔFzl5/8-containing embryos relative to controls. (echinobase.org)
  • Moreover, while the mainstay of the diagnosis of MHC-II deficiency is the absence of constitutive and inducible expression of MHC-II molecules on all cell types, other tests for T-cell function are less informative in such patients. (hindawi.com)
  • After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.com)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • TCF7L2 is a transcription factor influencing the transcription of several genes thereby exerting a large variety of functions within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TCF7L2 gene encoding the TCF7L2 transcription factor, exhibits multiple functions through its polymorphisms and thus, is known as a pleiotropic gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Wnt target gene encoding the transcription factor Achaete scute-like 2 controls intestinal stem cell state (26). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Amplifications of the ESR1 gene (which encodes ER) are only found in up to 20% of breast cancers [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
  • Our methodology CRISPR/Cas9 selection-mediated identification of dependencies (CRISPR-SID) uses calculated deviations between experimentally observed gene editing outcomes and deep -learning-predicted double-strand break repair patterns to identify genes under negative selection during tumorigenesis. (xenbase.org)
  • Upon binding of the estrogen ligand, the receptor is translocated to the nucleus and binds to the DNA of target genes that promote tumorigenesis but also regulate transcription of the receptor itself [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and conjugated with APC/Cyanine7 under optimal conditions. (biolegend.com)
  • The following product was used in this experiment: CXCL13 Monoclonal Antibody (DS8CX13), APC, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 17-7981-82, RRID AB_2762702. (thermofisher.com)
  • The cells were then fixed and permeabilized using the Intracellular Fixation & Permeabilization Buffer Set (Product # 88-8824-00) and protocol, and stained with 0.06 µg of Rat IgG2a kappa Isotype Control, APC (Product # 17-4321-81) (left) or 0.06 µg of CXCL13 Monoclonal Antibody, APC (right). (thermofisher.com)
  • In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • Here we show that the brown adipose differentiation gene, EBF2, activates differentiation-associated signals in the cancer progenitor cells in culture and CSC transplantation models. (amegroups.org)
  • Amongst the intestinal Wnt target genes (13), we found the Gpr49/Lgr5 gene to be unique in that it marks small cycling cells at crypt bottoms. (hubrecht.eu)
  • Furthermore, the signature of Wnt target genes differs between the three intestinal locations in the organoids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oral carcinogenesis is known as multifactorial process which engaged plentiful genetic events that transform normal activity of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. (ujds.in)
  • The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
  • Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Simultaneous work in the field of developmental biology and work with Drosophila has established the INT1 gene is a homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene [2]. (chemdiv.com)
  • The TCF7L2 gene is located on chromosome 10q25.2-q25.3, contains 19 exons. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gene contains 19 exons. (wikipedia.org)
  • The APC gene comprises of 16 exons (NM_000038.5), including1 upstream non-coding exon and 15 coding exons. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Preferentially retained introns and differentially used exons in the affected genes contain weak 5′ splice sites, but are otherwise indistinguishable from adjacent spliced introns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies conducted by Ravindranath Duggirala and Michael Stern at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio were the first to identify strong linkage for type 2 diabetes at a region on Chromosome 10 in Mexican Americans This signal was later refined by Struan Grant and colleagues at DeCODE genetics and isolated to the TCF7L2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sex exerts a profound impact on cancer incidence, spectrum and outcomes, yet the molecular genetic bases of such sex differences are ill-defined and presumptively ascribed to X-chromosome genes and sex hormones. (tmc.edu)
  • A diagram showing the major cancer genes for some cancers. (cancerquest.org)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • A murine CRC model, engineered with an inducible transgene encoding oncogenic mutant KRAS G12D and conditional null alleles of Apc and Trp53 tumor suppressors (designated iKAP), revealed higher metastases and worse outcomes specifically in males with oncogenic mutant KRAS (KRAS*) CRC. (tmc.edu)
  • The genes in the second group are called tumor suppressors. (cancerquest.org)
  • A total of 7,928 SDE genes and 46 canonical pathways derived from it were identified. (frontiersin.org)
  • The standard model of Wnt signaling specifies that after receipt of a Wnt ligand at the membranous receptor complex, downstream mediators inhibit a cytoplasmic destruction complex, allowing β-catenin to accumulate in the cytosol and nucleus and co-activate Wnt target genes. (silverchair.com)
  • Unphosphorylated β-catenin accumulates in the nuclear and interacts with TCF/LEF factors to stimulate the transcription of the downstream target genes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (esmed.org)
  • When Wnt signaling is definitely activated, -catenin is definitely discharged GNGT1 from your degradation of complicated leading to the translocation of -catenin into nucleus, where it affiliates using the T-cell element/lymphoid enhancer element (TCF/LEF) category of transcription elements to activate particular Wnt focus on genes [10, 11]. (opioid-receptors.com)
  • Once stabilized, β-catenin accumulates and translocates to the nucleus, where it complexes with TCF/LEF to activate transcription of target genes, such as MYC and CCND1 . (plos.org)
  • There is no longer a need for signals to activate these genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • B) qPCR measurements from three different cultures of embryos showing that ANE regulatory genes are up-regulated at the late blastula stage (24 hpf) in the absence of functional Fzl5/8 signaling. (echinobase.org)
  • Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
  • However, it remains unclear what features of these genes dictate dynamic changes in their recognition and stepwise processing by spliceosome components to regulate splice site choice and splicing outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PRPF8 deficiency is linked to human diseases like retinitis pigmentosa or myeloid neoplasia, but its genome-wide effects on constitutive and alternative splicing remain unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A proportion of BRAF mutant lesions will methylate a DNA mismatch repair gene, MLH1 , which leads to the onset of microsatellite instability (MSI) [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A) X. tropicalis embryos are cotargeted at apc and, respectively, one suspected genetic dependency (e.g., adam12). (xenbase.org)
  • Two other Wnt target genes, RNF43 and ZNRF3, encode stem cell-specific E3 ligases that downregulate Wnt receptors in a negative feedback loop (35). (hubrecht.eu)
  • In APC-deficient colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that ß-catenin accumulates and is constitutively complexed with the TCF family member TCF4, providing a molecular explanation for the initiation of colon cancer (5). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Variants of the gene are most likely involved in many other cancer types. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we identify CSNK1E , the gene encoding casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) as required specifically for the proliferation of breast cancer cells with activated β-catenin and confirm its role as a positive regulator of β-catenin-driven transcription. (plos.org)
  • The larger the gene name, the more frequently that gene is defective in that cancer type. (cancerquest.org)
  • Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • These genes have been found to be either malfunctioning or non-functioning in many different kinds of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • Proviral infection at the "site of the highest degree" was thought to be the mechanism of carcinogenesis, giving the first name to the gene found along this pathway as INT1. (chemdiv.com)
  • Our data rule out a model suggesting that xKaiso is a direct repressor of Wnt signalling target genes in early Xenopus development via binding to promoter-proximal CTGCNA sequences as part of a xTcf3 repressor complex. (biologists.com)
  • Finally, we describe a novel mechanism, how BCL9-2 regulates ER transcription by interaction with Sp1 through the proximal ESR1 gene promoter. (oncotarget.com)
  • Despite factors in codon, all apoptotic dwarfism genes person three employed cells( CRs) and each is with RAS and MEK synapses, although with pulmonary cyclins. (evakoch.com)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • RNA-seq was performed in blood Ly6C high and Ly6C low MC sorted by flow cytometry from control and HHcy cystathionine β-synthase gene-deficient ( Cbs -/- ) mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • The gene encoding hTcf-4, a Tcf family member that is expressed in colonic epithelium, was cloned and characterized. (bioseek.eu)