StratosphericSmogGround levelAerosolsStratosphereAtmosphereDepletionConcentrations of tropospheric ozonePrimary constituentTropospheric ozone levelsPollutionForm ozoneUltravioletHigh ozoneOxides of nitroParticulateMoleculesMicrowave Limb SoPrecursorSunlightPollutantRespiratoryMajor constituentNitrogen oxidesExposuresMonitoring InstrumentAtmospheric constituentExposureHigher ozoneDifferent ozoneUnhealthyEmissionsCarbonBiologicallySolarLevelsVORTEXMeasurementsGasesRadiativeHarmfulAtomsLayerWaterOBSERVATIONSPollutantsImpactsOxygenDecreaseCompounds
Stratospheric12
- The NOy increases lead to long-lived stratospheric ozone changes because of the long lifetime of NOy constituents this region. (nasa.gov)
- On the other hand, the ozone in the atmosphere, known as stratospheric ozone, provides us protection by means of screening us from ultraviolet light. (competecoalition.com)
- Stratospheric ozone and is positive effects shouldn't be confused with or mistaken as the damaging effects of ozone in the ground level as well as indoors. (competecoalition.com)
- anthropogenic and natural variability of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone and related effects on Ultra Violet radiation, stratospheric dynamics and climate. (auth.gr)
- Monitoring and forecasting stratospheric ozone and the related surface UV radiation have become a service activity, for example as undertaken within the pilot atmospheric service of Europe's Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) initiative (Hollingsworth et al. (wmo.int)
- Overlying stratospheric seasonal cycles of water vapor and ozone could also play a role in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere heat budgets through nonlocal propagation of radiation. (ametsoc.org)
- Previous studies suggest that the tropical lower stratospheric ozone seasonal cycle radiatively amplifies the local temperature seasonal cycle by up to 35%, while water vapor is thought to have a damping effect an order of magnitude smaller. (ametsoc.org)
- For 21 of those years, the ERBS actively investigated how the Earth absorbed and radiated energy from the Sun, and made measurements of stratospheric ozone, water vapor, nitrogen dioxide, and aerosols. (alaska-native-news.com)
- It carried three instruments, two to measure the Earth's radiative energy budget, and one to measure stratospheric constituents, including ozone. (alaska-native-news.com)
- they are responsible for phenomena ranging from urban photochemical smog, to acid deposition, to stratospheric ozone depletion, to potential climate change. (mtu.edu)
- The stratospheric ozone concentration changes throughout the year as stratospheric circulation changes with the seasons. (encyclopedia.com)
- An updated evaluation up to 2020 of stratospheric ozone profile long-term trends at extrapolar latitudes based on satellite and ground-based records is presented. (copernicus.org)
Smog10
- both are nonflammable and colorless to brown at formation of ozone and smog conditions in the air we room temperature. (cdc.gov)
- Volatile organic compounds are one of the primary constituents of smog and react in sunlight to form ground-level ozone. (justice.gov)
- Noxious on its own, the gas is also a precursor to ground-level ozone, which is the primary constituent of smog and causes respiratory problems. (nasa.gov)
- Nitrogen dioxide also reacts with sunlight, which leads to the formation of ozone and smog conditions in the air we breathe. (cdc.gov)
- At ground level, ozone is a constituent of smog and is unhealthy and harmful. (competecoalition.com)
- Ethanol evaporates easily, causing increases in summertime ozone smog pollution in higher population areas, such as Philadelphia, Lancaster, Harrisburg and Pittsburgh. (blogspot.com)
- Ethanol blends also increase VOC emissions from gasoline, one of major necessary components that combine to create polluting ground level ozone smog. (blogspot.com)
- Areas with substantial drilling and fracking build-out show high levels of ground-level ozone (smog), striking declines in air quality, and, in several cases, increased rates of health problems with known links to air pollution. (frackaction.com)
- On long, hot days - generally between April and October - pollutants emitted primarily from vehicle exhaust combine in the presence of sunlight to form ozone, which is the main constituent of smog. (baaqmd.gov)
- Ground-level ozone is the primary constituent of smog. (shelbycountytn.gov)
Ground level7
- Sold about 1 million gallons of gasoline at its Tampa, Florida, terminal in 2013 that exceeded standards for volatility, known as the Reid Vapor Pressure, that help control ground level ozone during summer months. (justice.gov)
- Ground-level Ozone. (nasa.gov)
- Some of the lighter constituents will volatize into the air where, in combination with other pollutants, it will increase haze and ground-level ozone. (nwf.org)
- Sunlight and hot weather cause ground-level ozone to form in harmful concentrations in the air. (shelbycountytn.gov)
- Ground-level ozone pollution is formed when emissions from everyday items combine with other pollutants and cook in the heat and sunlight. (shelbycountytn.gov)
- At ground level, ozone pollution is harmful to all of us, especially the young and elderly. (shelbycountytn.gov)
- Ground-level ozone also can reduce lung function and inflame the linings of the lungs. (shelbycountytn.gov)
Aerosols6
- Why are water vapor and aerosols important constituents of Earth's atmosphere? (quizlet.com)
- Interactions of solar radiation with atmospheric constituents (atmospheric aerosols and atmospheric gases). (auth.gr)
- The SAGE mission is tasked with measuring levels of gasses and aerosols (including ozone) in the earth's atmosphere using a multi-spectral imaging approach to measure specific spectral absorption due to the presence of these elements. (pr.com)
- This project will help SAGE IV improve NASA's abilities to sustainably monitor ozone and aerosols and potentially other constituents in our atmosphere important for our quality of life. (pr.com)
- Within the last century, concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O3), sulfate (SO42-), and carbonaceous aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere have increased significantly. (mtu.edu)
- Recent work has shown that the atmospheric constituents such as aerosols, ozone and other trace gases can be important modulators of the radiative processes at the S2S scale. (ictp.it)
Stratosphere14
- Both the HOx and NOy increases can result in changes to ozone in the stratosphere and mesosphere. (nasa.gov)
- The HOx increases lead to short-lived ozone decreases in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere due to the short lifetimes of the HO* constituents. (nasa.gov)
- The NOy-induced ozone changes are generally decreases, however, the NOy constituents can interfere with chlorine and bromine radicals in the lowest part of the stratosphere and cause ozone increases. (nasa.gov)
- Furthermore, the substance does not have an ozone depletion potential because it does not contain halogens and does not have the potential to reach the stratosphere (EU CLP (ECno 1272/2008 and its updates). (europa.eu)
- In the stratosphere, the CFC molecules are broken down by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation and release their constituent chlorine atoms. (getty.edu)
- They concentrate in the stratosphere where two combined oxygen atoms absorb ultraviolet radiation, split apart, and form ozone. (quizlet.com)
- How might Earth be affected if there were no ozone layer in the stratosphere? (quizlet.com)
- Ozone in the stratosphere serves as a boundary that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. (earthzine.org)
- Water vapor and ozone are powerful radiative constituents in the tropical lower stratosphere, impacting the local heating budget and nonlocally forcing the troposphere below. (ametsoc.org)
- This study uses Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations and an offline radiative transfer model to examine ozone, water vapor, and temperature seasonal cycles and their radiative linkages in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. (ametsoc.org)
- Ozone concentrations in the stratosphere play an important role in protecting life on Earth from damaging ultraviolet radiation. (alaska-native-news.com)
- The highest natural concentration of ozone (approximately 10 parts per million by volume) occurs in the stratosphere at approximately 15.5 mi (25 km) above Earth. (encyclopedia.com)
- Ozone increase in the upper stratosphere is confirmed, with significant trends at most latitudes. (copernicus.org)
- Just to mention a few: is the depletion of ozone getting weaker, is water vapour increasing due to global warming, how is water vapour entering the stratosphere, how are the links between these trace gases. (unibe.ch)
Atmosphere12
- Solar proton events(SPEs) can cause changes in constituents in the Earth's middle atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
- Ganymede has a thin oxygen atmosphere that includes O, O2, and possibly O3 (ozone). (wikipedia.org)
- The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is a. ozone. (quizlet.com)
- These devices are designed to produce ozone by means of a simple process which naturally happens in the atmosphere. (competecoalition.com)
- Like solving the acid rain problems with sulphuric acid reduction and ozone depletion with CFCs proscription in the past, the present climate shifts can be mitigated via a reduction of the anthropogenic nano structured particulates in the atmosphere. (scirp.org)
- Physics and chemistry of the ozone layer and propagation of solar radiation through the atmosphere. (auth.gr)
- Climate change and air quality are determined by trace gases or minority constituents in the atmosphere. (aeronomie.be)
- In many respects, at once both the most important and the most paradoxical trace gas in the atmosphere is ozone (O3). (mtu.edu)
- When released into the atmosphere, many halocarbons deplete the ozone layer and have high global warming potential. (encyclopedia.com)
- Water vapor and ozone are important molecules in the atmosphere. (unibe.ch)
- Ozone is a gas that occurs both in the Earth's upper atmosphere and at ground level. (shelbycountytn.gov)
- Ozone can be "good" or "bad" for people's health and for the environment, depending on its location in the atmosphere. (shelbycountytn.gov)
Depletion2
- CFCs have been found to pose a serious environmental threat, greatly contributing to ozone depletion. (getty.edu)
- The members of the microwave physics group are dedicated to the development of novel techniques and instruments mainly for applications in atmospheric remote sensing and to use these instruments for the understanding of physical processes thereby contributing to the research areas of ozone depletion and climate change. (unibe.ch)
Concentrations of tropospheric ozone2
- We review how climate change could affect future concentrations of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter (PM), and what changing concentrations could mean for population health. (nih.gov)
- Given these uncertainties, projections suggest that climate change will increase concentrations of tropospheric ozone, at least in high-income countries when precursor emissions are held constant, which would increase morbidity and mortality. (nih.gov)
Primary constituent1
- However, potential reductions could be offset by leaks of methane, the primary constituent of natural gas and a potent greenhouse gas that also contributes to background levels of ozone pollution. (confex.com)
Tropospheric ozone levels2
- Data from the Aura satellite displays trends in tropospheric ozone levels to assist the National Park Service. (earthzine.org)
- At the global scale, understanding both the natural ozone chemistry of the troposphere and the causes of continually increasing background tropospheric ozone levels is a major goal. (mtu.edu)
Pollution7
- 1. Ozone is a major constituent of air pollution in the summer. (portlandpress.com)
- Ambient air pollution exposures were assessed based on maternal residential addresses using monthly averages of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), PM ≤ 10 μm (PM 10 ), nitrogen dioxide, and ozone from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) monitoring stations. (medscape.com)
- Thus, we will modify CMAQ to simulate methane explicitly, expanding the model's capabilities for future studies to better characterize this important greenhouse gas and precursor of ozone pollution. (confex.com)
- During warmer months, when a Spare the Air Alert is called for ozone pollution, Bay Area residents are asked to reduce their driving to help minimize pollution, and people who are sensitive to unhealthy air are advised to limit their time outdoors, particularly in the afternoon hours. (baaqmd.gov)
- The EPA's final proposal rightly disregarded the unsound comments and included information on how reducing ozone pollution saves lives. (progressivereform.org)
- In this case, it's not clear what may have prompted any of the EPA's peer agencies to insinuate themselves into the question of whether or not ozone pollution results in premature mortality. (progressivereform.org)
- High levels of ozone pollution often affect healthy people who work or exercise outdoors and can cause breathing difficulties, eye irritation, and reduced resistance to lung infections and colds with exposure for prolonged periods. (shelbycountytn.gov)
Form ozone1
- Motor vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions, gasoline vapors, and chemical solvents as well as natural sources emit NOx and VOC that help form ozone. (shelbycountytn.gov)
Ultraviolet5
- The layer of ozone that begins approximately 9.3 mi (15 km) above Earth and thins to an almost negligible amount at about 31 mi (50 km) and shields Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. (encyclopedia.com)
- We investigate the effect of using three different cross section data sets on ozone profile retrievals from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) ultraviolet measurements (289-307 nm, 326-337 nm). (nasa.gov)
- Therefore, we recommend using the Brion cross section for ozone profile retrievals from ultraviolet measurements. (nasa.gov)
- This study demonstrates the need for improved ozone cross section measurements in the ultraviolet to improve profile retrievals of this key atmospheric constituent. (nasa.gov)
- Welders are exposed to a range of fumes and gases (evaporated metal, metal oxides, hydrocarbons, nanoparticles, ozone, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) ) depending on the electrodes, filler wire and flux materials used in the process, but also physical exposures such as electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. (who.int)
High ozone2
- These laboratory results, obtained using relatively high ozone exposure in carefully selected subjects, might provide an explanation for the temporal relationship between ambient ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma. (portlandpress.com)
- 2010). Variability of the polar vortex also resulted in relatively high ozone over the Antarctic in September 2010 and low ozone over the Arctic in March 2011. (wmo.int)
Oxides of nitro1
Particulate2
- and 3) emissions from truck activities near the well pad… there are potential significant adverse health impacts associated with increased levels of particulate matter, ozone, diesel exhaust, and volatile organic compounds. (frackaction.com)
- In a University of Auckland study on how lockdown impacted air quality in Auckland, Associate Professor Jenny Salmond and PhD candidate Hamesh Patel measured the top five pollutants associated with air quality: fine and coarse particulate (PM2.5 and PM10), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). (auckland.ac.nz)
Molecules5
- These then react with the ozone molecules, resulting in their removal. (getty.edu)
- Basically, ozone machines as air purifiers absorb oxygen abundantly present in the air and is electrically charged which makes it possible for the oxygen molecules to reposition themselves turning into ozone. (competecoalition.com)
- As it comes into contact with molecules such as smoke or mold, the ozone molecule connects itself the molecule of the pollutant and ultimately exterminates it. (competecoalition.com)
- Lower concentrations occur during the early morning when the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is lowest and ozone molecules have not formed from the nitrogen oxide and VOCs reacting. (earthzine.org)
- Using different cross sections can significantly affect the retrievals, by up to 12 Dobson Units (DU, 1 DU=2.69×1016 molecules cm−2 ) in total column ozone, up to 10 DU in tropospheric column ozone, and up to 100% in retrieved ozone values for individual atmospheric layers. (nasa.gov)
Microwave Limb So1
- This project used Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) to look at tropospheric ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. (earthzine.org)
Precursor1
- Ethane is both a greenhouse gas and a precursor for ozone formation. (frackaction.com)
Sunlight2
- The reaction of nitrogen dioxide with chemicals produced by sunlight leads to the formation of nitric acid, which is a major constituent of acid rain. (cdc.gov)
- Tropospheric ozone forms from nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) reacting with sunlight, and fluctuates throughout the day displaying its peak concentration during mid-to-late afternoon. (earthzine.org)
Pollutant1
- Linear mixed effect models estimated associations between air pollutant constituents and changes in spirometry. (cdc.gov)
Respiratory3
- Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there is an increase in hospital admissions for respiratory diseases 1 day after peak levels of ambient ozone. (portlandpress.com)
- 1989). Sjogren and Ulfvarson (1985) observed an association between respiratory symptoms and exposures to ozone among welders. (europa.eu)
- Ozone can also trigger attacks and symptoms in individuals with pre-existing health conditions, such as bronchitis, emphysema, asthma or other respiratory infections. (shelbycountytn.gov)
Major constituent1
- Two of the most toxicologically nitric acid, which is a major constituent of acid rain. (cdc.gov)
Nitrogen oxides2
- Anthropogenic activities, such as fossil fuel combustion, are the main catalysts for high levels of tropospheric ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides. (earthzine.org)
- Ozone and other oxidants are not emitted into the air directly but form from reactions involving nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. (encyclopedia.com)
Exposures4
- Experimental exposures were to filtered air, 0.40 ppm ozone and filtered air respectively, at 1-week intervals. (portlandpress.com)
- Methods: Using a repeated measures design, exposures to dust, bioaerosols, and ozone were assessed and pre- and post-shift spirometry was performed for dairy workers (n = 36). (cdc.gov)
- 1989) and possible (residual) confounding by smoking and irritative co-exposures such as ozone and other fume constituents are limitations of the available studies. (europa.eu)
- Ozone is formed during most electric arc welding, and exposures can be high in comparison to the exposure limit, particularly during metal inert gas welding of aluminium. (who.int)
Monitoring Instrument1
Atmospheric constituent1
- Atomic hydrogen is a minor atmospheric constituent. (wikipedia.org)
Exposure5
- 2. In the present study we therefore studied the effect of a controlled exposure to ozone on the maximal degree of airway narrowing to a non-specific bronchoconstrictor, methacholine, 12 h after exposure. (portlandpress.com)
- All changes had returned to baseline values 1 week after exposure to ozone. (portlandpress.com)
- 5. Exposure to ozone causes a transient increase in the maximal degree of airway narrowing to methacholine in both non-asthmatic and asthmatic subjects. (portlandpress.com)
- Overall, a higher risk of PPD was associated with ozone exposure during the entire pregnancy and postpartum periods and with PM exposure during the late pregnancy and postpartum periods. (medscape.com)
- In the air, ethanol itself will break down into highly toxic constituents (acetaldehyde and peroxyacetylnitrates [PAN] ), and Pennsylvania has yet to assess the effects of public exposure. (blogspot.com)
Higher ozone2
- If improved models continue to project higher ozone concentrations with climate change, then reducing greenhouse gas emissions would enhance the health of current and future generations. (nih.gov)
- Martin noted that some commenters, un-named staff from one of the EPA's peer agencies, questioned the EPA's assumption that higher ozone levels contribute to premature deaths. (progressivereform.org)
Different ozone1
Unhealthy4
- The Air District issues Spare the Air Alerts on days when ozone is forecast to be unhealthy and urges residents to drive less and curtail other polluting activities. (baaqmd.gov)
- Residents who are sensitive to unhealthy air are advised to limit their time outdoors, especially in the afternoon when temperatures are highest and ozone levels rise. (baaqmd.gov)
- People with lung disease, children, older adults, and people who are active can be affected when ozone levels are unhealthy. (shelbycountytn.gov)
- During this time, the Mid-South Clean Air Coalition will work with meteorologists at the Memphis and Shelby County Health Department to issue Ozone Action Alerts , notifying the public when ozone levels could potentially reach unhealthy levels. (shelbycountytn.gov)
Emissions3
- From satellite data for nitrous oxide (N 2 O), ozone and temperature, we calculate the monthly loss of N 2 O and find it is increasing faster than expected, resulting in a shorter lifetime, which reduces the impact of anthropogenic emissions. (copernicus.org)
- Every year due to a combination of the nature of summer heat in Memphis, weather trends, and vehicle and industrial emissions, ozone levels can be high. (shelbycountytn.gov)
- BC is a constituent of PM and primarily associated with diesel vehicles and woodburner emissions which decreased by 75 percent in central Auckland and 56 percent at Henderson. (auckland.ac.nz)
Carbon4
- Constituents of PM 2.5 (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic matter, and black carbon) were obtained from models based on satellite, ground-based monitor, and chemical transport modeling data. (medscape.com)
- Among PM 2.5 constituents, black carbon had the strongest association with PPD (OR 1.04). (medscape.com)
- Ozone, carbon dioxide and water vapor are the most important to absorb radiation. (coastalwiki.org)
- Carbon monoxide levels were less than 5.0 ppm (at source) and ozone levels varied from 0.4-0.6 ppm (at source). (who.int)
Biologically1
- Ozone/biologically active filtration (BAF)-based treatment trains in potable reuse can typically produce high-quality reclaimed water that meets drinking water standards at a significantly lower cost and environmental footprint compared to reverse osmosis-based treatment. (waterrf.org)
Solar2
- Development and improvement of optical systems for remote sensing of atmospheric constituents and parameters, and of solar radiation. (auth.gr)
- Natural events such as volcanoes and solar flares can produce changes in ozone concentration, but man-made changes are of the greatest concern. (encyclopedia.com)
Levels5
- The warmer months, from May to September, typically display higher levels of tropospheric ozone located near urban areas with large populations. (earthzine.org)
- Analyses of the multisensor satellite record show that southern polar ozone levels were higher in October 2002 than in any October since the early 1980s (van der A et al. (wmo.int)
- ozone at the surface, in the troposphere, can produce adverse effects on human health and plants when present at levels elevated above natural. (mtu.edu)
- While technical-sounding, the assumption about the relationship between elevated ozone levels and premature deaths formed a critical part of the agency's regulatory impact analysis for the rule. (progressivereform.org)
- The highest ozone levels are usually recorded in summer months when temperatures approach the high 80s and 90s and when the wind is stagnant or light. (shelbycountytn.gov)
VORTEX1
Measurements2
- Nonetheless, very sensitive measurements of formaldehyde (an important intermediate constituent in the production of atmospheric ozone) were achieved. (laserfocusworld.com)
- To improve our understanding of water vapour and ozone concentrations in this region, climatologies have been developed from 14 years of measurements from three Canadian satellite instruments. (copernicus.org)
Gases2
- They are trace gases or minority constituents . (aeronomie.be)
- The atmospheric constituents (particles and gases) can affect the incoming light and radiation by causing wavelength dependent absorption and scattering . (coastalwiki.org)
Radiative1
- Radiative sensitivities to ozone and water vapor vertical structures are explicitly calculated, which has not been previously done in a seasonal cycle context. (ametsoc.org)
Harmful1
- Ozone protects the biosphere from harmful UV-radiation from the sun. (unibe.ch)
Atoms2
- Ozone is a combination of three Oxygen atoms into a molecule. (quizlet.com)
- Ozone (O3) is a kind of gas that contains three oxygen atoms. (competecoalition.com)
Layer4
- Why is the ozone layer important? (quizlet.com)
- Why is the ozone layer important to living things? (quizlet.com)
- SAGE II collected important data that confirmed the ozone layer was declining on a global scale. (alaska-native-news.com)
- Today, SAGE III on the International Space Station collects data on the health of the ozone layer. (alaska-native-news.com)
Water1
- This project identifies CECs and degradation products that are persistent and are not reliably removed by ozone/BAF, benchmarks expected treated water quality from ozone/BAF-based treatment trains, develops ozone/BAF design and operational guidance, as well as develops outreach tools to assist agencies with expediting the implementation of safe and sustainable ozone/BAF-based treatment trains in potable reuse applications. (waterrf.org)
OBSERVATIONS2
- NASA Earth observations can be used to monitor these atmospheric constituents. (earthzine.org)
- The total column ozone retrieved using the GOME flight model cross sections is systematically lower, by 7-10 DU, than that retrieved using the Brion and Bass-Paur cross sections and is also systematically lower than Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) observations. (nasa.gov)
Pollutants2
- When it comes to eliminating air pollutants as well as bad odor, a certain level of ozone must be reached. (competecoalition.com)
- A small increase in ozone was observed, although this was expected due to a complex relationship between pollutants. (auckland.ac.nz)
Impacts2
- Internal EPA emails obtained by CPR though a FOIA request reveals that representatives from one or more of the EPA's peer agencies second-guessed a critical scientific finding undergirding the EPA's then-pending draft final rule to tighten the ozone standard, claiming that ozone is not associated with mortality impacts. (progressivereform.org)
- Martin directly quoted a "set of commenters" who recommended that "EPA remove the assumption that ozone is associated with mortality impacts. (progressivereform.org)
Oxygen1
- Through this process, the contaminant is eliminated while the ozone reverts back into oxygen. (competecoalition.com)
Decrease1
- That data helped shape the international Montreal Protocol Agreement, resulting in a dramatic decrease around the globe in the use of ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons. (alaska-native-news.com)
Compounds1
- However, there is a need to quantify the removal of compounds of emerging concern (CECs) through ozone/BAF-based treatment of wastewater effluent. (waterrf.org)