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Aliphatic hydrocarbonsAlkanesAromaticCompoundsMoleculeMoleculesClosed-ring strucAlkynesDioxideType of hydrocarbonAcyclicCuticular hydrocarbonValuable hydrocarbonsContaining only carbon and hydrogenChainsFossil fuelsMethaneAlcoholsCycloalkaneBonds between carbon atomsNitrogenPetroleumCarbonatesLiquidsCrude oilCombustionDouble bondsPredominantSolventsFive carbon atomsWorld'sTolueneFlammableAromaticsOxygenReactionsReactiveCyclohexaneOrganic chemistryChiralCompositionSingle bondsBenzeneEmissionsMeltingSynthesisDieselIsomersMicroorganismsChainCompoundTypesGenerallyFunctionalMolecularHydrogen atomEmission
Aliphatic hydrocarbons10
Alkanes13
Aromatic10
  • This commonly-seen model of aromatic rings, namely the idea that benzene was formed from a six-membered carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds (cyclohexatriene), was developed by Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The key aromatic hydrocarbons of commercial interest are benzene , toluene , ortho -xylene , and para -xylene. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Aromatic compounds, alkenes, and alkynes are called unsaturated hydrocarbons. (einfor.xyz)
  • For example, a molecule containing a triple bond between carbon atoms and a benzene ring exhibits some characteristic properties of alkynes and other properties related to aromatic hydrocarbons. (einfor.xyz)
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons , also known as arenes , which are hydrocarbons that have at least one aromatic ring . (wikipedia.org)
  • 10% of total nonmethane organic carbon emission are aromatic hydrocarbons from the exhaust of gasoline-powered vehicles. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term 'aliphatic' refers to non-aromatic hydrocarbons. (wikipedia.org)
  • hydrocarbon that are composed of multiple aromatic rings. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • An aromatic compound consist of two parts : (1) Nucleus: The most ideal aromatic compound is benzene. (org.in)
  • NIOSH's response focused primarily on industrial hygiene assessment of potential occupational exposures [benzene and other volatile organic compounds, oil mist, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA's), diesel fumes, and noise] during typical tasks performed by the majority of the 11,000 workers involved in the 1989 cleanup activities. (cdc.gov)
Compounds26
  • Values for the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant, pKa, of the conjugated acid of amines, diamines and cyclic organic nitrogen compounds, shown together with the molecular structure of the acids. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • These compounds, composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, come in various forms and structures. (bteclearn.com)
  • Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. (bteclearn.com)
  • These compounds often have different properties than straight chain or branched hydrocarbons due to their unique geometry. (bteclearn.com)
  • In conclusion, hydrocarbons are essential organic compounds that serve as the foundation for various materials and energy sources. (bteclearn.com)
  • By providing a comprehensive overview of straight chain hydrocarbons and their distinctions from other hydrocarbon types, we aim to equip readers with valuable knowledge about this fundamental class of compounds. (bteclearn.com)
  • The terms used to denote types of hydrocarbons have continued to the present day, but the compounds that these names describe are now classified based on their composition rather than their origins as in the previous classification. (einfor.xyz)
  • It is no secret that hydrocarbon emissions increase global warming, create black smoke, lead to cancer-causing chemical compounds, affect crop and forest growth, and even shorten the life of the engines they power. (rentar.com)
  • Hydrocarbons are relatively simple in relation to many of the chemical compounds found on Earth. (rentar.com)
  • Hydrocarbons are organic compounds because they are hydrogen and carbon isomers. (rentar.com)
  • Most commonly found in fossil fuels, hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds , "Containing only carbon and hydrogen, they can be straight-chain, branched chain, or cyclic molecules. (rentar.com)
  • heterocyclic compound - Any of a class of organic compounds whose molecules contain one or more rings of atoms with at least one atom (the heteroatom) being an element other than carbon, most frequently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. (academic.ru)
  • The increase in hydrocarbon chain length and in cyclic molecules and alkyl compounds as the temperatures increased led to the increase in density, viscosity, flash point, and octane number within the range of standard commercial oil fuels. (sdewes.org)
  • set out to find exactly which of these compounds, known as cuticular hydrocarbons, are involved in sexual communication. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hydrocarbons Carbon Compounds in the Atmosphere Let's look at the molecules in the atmosphere. (vangilstcreditmanagement.nl)
  • Classification of Hydrocarbons The compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen in their molecules are called hydrocarbons. (vangilstcreditmanagement.nl)
  • Hydrocarbons are a set of organic compounds. (vangilstcreditmanagement.nl)
  • One such method is assessing the degree of saturation, which aids in identifying the structure of organic compounds, while also confirming the presence of π bonds or cyclic rings. (pw.live)
  • Saturated compounds feature solely single bonds that are not part of any cyclic or ring structures. (pw.live)
  • Hydrocarbons are fundamental compounds in the organic world, forming the basis of living organisms. (pw.live)
  • Organic compounds have been divided into two categories depending upon the nature of their carbon skeleton. (org.in)
  • An organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-containing compounds such as carbides, carbonates, simple oxides of carbon, and cyanides, as well as the. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • These compounds form the simplest form of lipids, they contain only carbon and hydrogen. (gerli.com)
  • So, this course describes basic information of bioorganic compounds such as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, alkynes and functional groups. (dagonuniversity.edu.mm)
  • In Second Semester, nomenclature, preparation and reactions of cyclic compounds can be learnt. (dagonuniversity.edu.mm)
Molecule8
  • Both of these are useful definitions, but they are incompatible with one another and the latter does not provide for mixes containing both six and seven carbon atoms per molecule. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the table below, pK a1 and pK a2 is given together with boiling and melting point, density and molecular weight, as well as number of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in each molecule. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • Thus, the six carbon atoms in the benzene molecule form a perfect hexagon. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • A cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • This gives a huge amount of angular strain in the molecule making cyclic alkynes very unstable. (organicchemistrytutor.com)
  • Concerning the degree of unsaturation, as previously mentioned, it provides insight into molecular bonding, indicating whether a molecule possesses single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, or cyclic ring structures. (pw.live)
  • Some of these chemicals are extremely small containing fewer than five carbon atoms per molecule, while others are quite large containing many tens of carbon atoms per molecule. (nagwa.com)
  • Cyclopropane is a cycloalkane molecule with the molecular formula C3H6, consisting of three carbon atoms linked to each other to form a ring, with each carbon atom bearing two hydrogen atoms. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Molecules7
  • Various qualifiers have been added to the term "naphtha" by different sources in an effort to make it more specific: One source distinguishes by boiling point: Light naphtha is the fraction boiling between 30 °C and 90 °C and consists of molecules with 5-6 carbon atoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heavy naphtha boils between 90 °C and 200 °C and consists of molecules with 6-12 carbon atoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • It contains one triple bond between carbon atoms, and all the formulas of the molecules in it follow the following general formula: C n H 2n - 2, and it is highly chemically reactive, which includes the addition of hydrogen or halogens, examples of which are: propane. (einfor.xyz)
  • The composition of hydrocarbon molecules - the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms and the manner in which they bond - determines the hydrocarbon type . (rentar.com)
  • chemical compound - Introduction any substance composed of identical molecules consisting of atoms (atom) of two or more chemical elements (chemical element). (academic.ru)
  • These molecules are found mainly in petroleum but living organisms, eukaryotic or prokaryotic, contain frequently hydrocarbons which are directly derived from fatty acids. (gerli.com)
  • In this study biomass fermentation products such as alcohol ketone and carboxylic acid mixtures and also bio-methane or shale gas are catalytically upgraded in a thermochemical conversion process to produce energy dense higher hydrocarbon molecules that can be used as liquid fuel or energy sources. (auburn.edu)
Closed-ring struc1
Alkynes4
Dioxide5
  • Most anthropogenic (human-generated) emissions of greenhouse gases are either carbon dioxide released by the burning of fossil fuels , or methane released from the handling of natural gas or from agriculture. (wikipedia.org)
  • temperature exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000012 name: air carbon dioxide content def: "A condition in which the level of carbon dioxide in the air surrounding the organism or breathed by the organism is controlled as part of the experiment. (mcw.edu)
  • When considering this effect, both indirect effects due to energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions as a result of the power generation process and direct effects due to the leakage of refrigerant must be taken into account. (mechanicaljungle.com)
  • In addition to high heat flux applications, as a suitable alternative to reduce the charge of refrigerants, reduce the problems of the release of potentially hazardous liquids into the atmosphere and allow the use of natural liquids such as hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. (mechanicaljungle.com)
  • Experiments were run at different operating temperatures and feed flow rates to investigate the effect on the dehydration products, which are mixtures of three phases: (1) a gas phase consisting of light hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, (2) an organic liquid phase consisting of heavy hydrocarbons, and (3) an aqueous phase with dissolved oxygenated hydrocarbons. (auburn.edu)
Type of hydrocarbon2
  • Naming cycloalkenes involves assigning systematic names to unique structures of cycloalkenes -A type of hydrocarbon. (studysmarter.co.uk)
  • The type of hydrocarbon isomer determines the amount of energy produced, under what conditions the hydrocarbon combusts, and what kinds of pollutants result. (rentar.com)
Acyclic1
  • In essence, a saturated hydrocarbon will possess the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in an acyclic alkane form, which is why 2C + 2 represents the total number of hydrogen atoms for saturated carbon atoms, and H represents the actual number of hydrogen atoms in the compound. (pw.live)
Cuticular hydrocarbon1
  • Intriguingly, this suggests a potential coding mechanism for sexual attractiveness mediated by specific methyl-branching patterns in complex cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles. (bvsalud.org)
Valuable hydrocarbons2
  • Crude oil is unrefined, naturally occurring liquid rich in valuable hydrocarbons. (nagwa.com)
  • Among all electrocatalysts explored to date, copper (Cu) exhibits the unique capability in reducing CO 2 to valuable hydrocarbons and oxygenates. (nature.com)
Containing only carbon and hydrogen1
Chains7
  • Branched chain hydrocarbons, also known as isoalkanes, feature carbon chains with branching or side chains. (bteclearn.com)
  • Because it consists of different lengths of chains, branched chains, rings of carbon atoms, or a mixture of these structures, and it is found in many plants, animals, and the fossil fuels resulting from them, and some of them can be prepared in the laboratory. (einfor.xyz)
  • : 627 Chiral saturated hydrocarbons constitute the side chains of biomolecules such as chlorophyll and tocopherol . (wikipedia.org)
  • Even though they are composed of only two types of atoms, there is a wide variety of hydrocarbons because they may consist of varying lengths of chains, branched chains, and rings of carbon atoms, or combinations of these structures. (vangilstcreditmanagement.nl)
  • temperatures below 48.5 degrees C implies that biological membranes may have lipid domains in which some of the lipid hydrocarbon chains penetrate completely across the entire hydrocarbon … Types of Hydrocarbon Resources see fossil fuels. (vangilstcreditmanagement.nl)
  • Among the least polar components of plant surface lipids hydrocarbons with the odd number carbon chains (C15 up to C33) are predominant. (gerli.com)
  • The dehydration products from the ABE mixture were mostly unsaturated hydrocarbon chains in the range of C2-C16. (auburn.edu)
Fossil fuels3
Methane2
  • While the simplest hydrocarbon, methane is indeed a straight chain hydrocarbon. (bteclearn.com)
  • Methane CH 4 is the simplest type of aliphatic hydrocarbon compound, and it is released as a gas from decomposing bodies, and from the intestines of many animals, examples of them are also: acetylene, propane, propane, ethylene, and polyethylene. (einfor.xyz)
Alcohols1
Cycloalkane1
Bonds between carbon atoms2
Nitrogen4
  • Although hydrogen atoms are the most commonly bonded to the carbon chain, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine are. (einfor.xyz)
  • The Degree of Unsaturation Formula (DU) calculates the number of rings and pi bonds in an organic compound using the formula DU = (2C + 2 + N - X - H) / 2, where C is carbon atoms, N is nitrogen atoms, X is halogen atoms, and H is hydrogen atoms. (pw.live)
  • The degree of unsaturation formula takes into account the number of carbon atoms (C), nitrogen atoms (N), halogen atoms (X), and hydrogen atoms (H). These values can be easily extracted from the compound's molecular formula. (pw.live)
  • These hydrocarbons primarily consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with trace amounts of other elements like nitrogen and sulfur. (pw.live)
Petroleum5
Carbonates3
  • Two notable examples of this catalysis are the fixation of CO 2 to epoxides for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates and the reduction of CO 2 to CO. Recent examples of COFs for the capture of CO 2 will be discussed followed by COF catalysts which use CO 2 as a feedstock for the production of value-added products. (frontiersin.org)
  • Two of these value-added products are CO and industrially relevant cyclic carbonates. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hydrocarbon traps form where permeable reservoir rocks (carbonates, sandstones) are covered by rocks with low permeability (caprocks) that are capable of preventing the hydrocarbons from further upward migration. (vangilstcreditmanagement.nl)
Liquids1
Crude oil2
  • Crude oil is processed in several stages to form desired hydrocarbons, used as fuel and in other products. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since crude oil fractions mostly consist of hydrocarbons, we can take a good guess at some of their properties. (nagwa.com)
Combustion4
  • All transportation, to one degree or another, is based on hydrocarbon combustion. (rentar.com)
  • Even bicycles are made using hydrocarbon combustion. (rentar.com)
  • Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The combustion of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is expressed by the following chemical equation: The fact that all hydrocarbon combustions are exothermic is responsible for their widespread use as fuels. (vangilstcreditmanagement.nl)
Double bonds5
  • Cycloalkenes consist of carbon atoms connected in a ring, or cyclic manner, and include one or more double bonds. (studysmarter.co.uk)
  • Multiple double bonds are named with the suffix -diene, -triene, etc., and their positions are denoted by placing the carbon numbers directly in front of the suffix. (studysmarter.co.uk)
  • Double bonds consist of a sigma bond and another bond-a π bond. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Thus, there are not enough electrons to form double bonds on all the carbon atoms, but the "extra" electrons strengthen all of the bonds on the ring equally. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • It is represented by a regular hexagon of six carbon atoms with three alternate single and double bonds. (org.in)
Predominant1
Solvents1
  • These types of solvents contain special hydrocarbons that make them useful for a wide variety of cleaning products, from those that are used for residential cleaning to ones that are used for industrial cleaning operations. (vangilstcreditmanagement.nl)
Five carbon atoms1
  • Cyclopentane is a highly flammable alicyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula 510 and CAS number 287-92-3, consisting of a ring of five carbon atoms each bonded with two hydrogen atoms above and below the plane. (absoluteastronomy.com)
World's1
  • Hydrocarbons are the world's most practical and productive source of energy. (rentar.com)
Toluene1
  • However, "coal tar naphtha", a reddish brown liquid that is a mixture of hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene, and cumene, etc.), could also be intended in some contexts. (wikipedia.org)
Flammable1
  • Naphtha (/ˈnæpθə/ or /ˈnæfθə/) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture. (wikipedia.org)
Aromatics1
Oxygen1
Reactions3
Reactive1
  • Alkenes contain only one double bond between carbon atoms, and all molecular formulas in them follow the following general formula: C n H 2n and they are highly chemically reactive. (einfor.xyz)
Cyclohexane1
  • The most famous example is cyclohexane, which consists of a ring of six carbon atoms. (bteclearn.com)
Organic chemistry2
Chiral2
  • : 625 As given in the example of 3-methylhexane and its higher homologues , branched hydrocarbons can be chiral . (wikipedia.org)
  • The structure of limonene consists of two chiral centers, which makes it optically active, meaning that it can rotate plane-polarized light. (formulaswiss.com)
Composition2
  • Environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity can affect the composition of higher plant leaf hydrocarbon wax. (gerli.com)
  • It also reveals the chemical composition of human body, carbon as a major elements and complex biomolecules such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, water and minerals. (dagonuniversity.edu.mm)
Single bonds2
Benzene1
  • Generally, a double covalent bond (as in C=C) is shorter than a single covalent bond (as in C−C). In the case of benzene, however, all six carbon-carbon bonds have the same length, intermediate between that of a single bond and a double bond. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Emissions5
  • The term hydrocarbons is a buzzword the media correlates with emissions, pollution, and global warming talk. (rentar.com)
  • As such, It is not difficult to make the argument that hydrocarbon emissions are the worst pollutant human activities produce. (rentar.com)
  • Hydrocarbons emissions are not only the worse pollutant associated with human activities because of their effects on the atmosphere and biosphere, but because of the sheer mind-boggling sums of hydrocarbons that escape into the biosphere as emissions every day, week, month, year, and decade. (rentar.com)
  • Hydrocarbon emissions, on the other hand, are the bane of the post-industrial revolution world. (rentar.com)
  • Fugitive emissions from other industrial or domestic uses (such as incompletely sealed or punctured barrels) may contribute to levels of Stoddard solvent in the environment, including contributions to general levels of volatile organic carbon. (cdc.gov)
Melting4
Synthesis1
  • Process for the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons, at least a portion of which are liquid at ambient temperature and pressure, by contacting the synthesis gas at an elevated temperature and pressure with a suspension comprising a particulate Fischer-Tropsch catalyst suspended in a liquid medium, in a reactor system comprising at least one high shear mixing zone and a reactor vessel. (kisti.re.kr)
Diesel2
Isomers3
  • Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers . (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydrocarbon structures and types of isomerism (structural isomers, cis/trans isomers, and enantiomers). (vangilstcreditmanagement.nl)
  • The gaseous product contained mostly 1-butene and its isomers and some other lighter unsaturated hydrocarbon gases. (auburn.edu)
Microorganisms1
  • The rate of biodegradation is dependent on the ambient temperature, the presence of a sufficient number of microorganisms capable of metabolizing these hydrocarbons, and the concentration of Stoddard solvent in or on the soil or water. (cdc.gov)
Chain16
  • Which Of The Following Is Not A Straight Chain Hydrocarbon? (bteclearn.com)
  • One of the distinctions made in hydrocarbon chemistry is between straight chain hydrocarbons and their counterparts. (bteclearn.com)
  • But what exactly are straight chain hydrocarbons, and how do they differ from other hydrocarbons? (bteclearn.com)
  • In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the world of hydrocarbons, explore the characteristics of straight chain hydrocarbons, and distinguish them from other types. (bteclearn.com)
  • Before we dive into the specifics of straight chain hydrocarbons, let's start with the basics. (bteclearn.com)
  • Our focus here is on straight chain hydrocarbons. (bteclearn.com)
  • In simple terms, the carbon atoms in a straight chain hydrocarbon are arranged in a continuous, uninterrupted chain. (bteclearn.com)
  • As the name suggests, straight chain hydrocarbons have a straight, unbranched carbon backbone. (bteclearn.com)
  • Octane, a component of gasoline, is a larger straight chain hydrocarbon. (bteclearn.com)
  • It contains eight carbon atoms in a continuous chain, each bonded to two or three hydrogen atoms. (bteclearn.com)
  • Straight chain hydrocarbons, with their linear, unbranched structure, have distinct characteristics that set them apart from branched and cyclic hydrocarbons. (bteclearn.com)
  • Select the longest continuous carbon chain that includes both carbon atoms of the double bond. (studysmarter.co.uk)
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis showed the change in hydrocarbon chain and chemical molecular structures, thus influencing its physical properties. (sdewes.org)
  • A cyclic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon in which the carbon chain joins to itself in a ring. (vangilstcreditmanagement.nl)
  • They have usually a straight chain of up to about 36 carbon atoms but may also be branched, with one or more methyl groups attached at almost any point of the chain. (gerli.com)
  • The hydrocarbon chain length ranges from C7 to C12, although a form of Stoddard solvent called 140 flash contains C5 and C6 hydrocarbons as well. (cdc.gov)
Compound2
Types6
Generally1
  • The issues associated with hydrocarbons are well documented and generally understood by the public at large. (rentar.com)
Functional2
Molecular1
Hydrogen atom1
Emission1
  • Hydrocarbon emission levels decrease with increasing air-fuel ratio (Figure 6.23), and are lower for lower-volatility, nonaromatic fuels. (vangilstcreditmanagement.nl)