Conjugation genomes loci genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Random-primed PCR and whole-genome sequencing revealed seven novel insertion sites, mostly internal to chromosomal coding sequences, among strains harboring LGI2 outside the LMOf2365_2257 homolog. (nih.gov)
[ 35 ] There has also been strong bioinformatics evidence after whole-genome sequencing that chlamydiae have undergone a number of gene duplication events resulting in the creation of several families of proteins important for intracellular survival in cell culture and possibly in disease severity differences. (medscape.com)
Whole-genome sequencing and a comparative genomics analysis were performed on the isolates and all blaKPC-2-containing plasmids to predict the population evolution process. (bvsalud.org)
Chromatin plays a crucial role in gene regulation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) has been the standard technique for examining protein-DNA interactions across the whole genome. (nature.com)
Further, many of us ready the whole genome along with a comparative transcriptome dataset involving the diploid along with haploid and designed genetic tools to the dependable gene phrase, gene interruption, along with selectable marker recycling technique while using the mobile wall-less haploid. (p38mapksignals.com)

The F-factor is an episome (a plasmid that can integrate itself into the bacterial chromosome by homologous recombination) with a length of about 100 kb. (wikipedia.org)
In common laboratory strains of E. coli the transfer of the entire bacterial chromosome takes about 100 minutes. (wikipedia.org)
We also identified a novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec V subtype harboring clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated genes ( cas ). (cdc.gov)
Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome. (lookformedical.com)
My research background involves gene and chromosome mapping, epigenetic studies of gene regulation, and impacts on cell behaviour of gene expression. (otago.ac.nz)
A conjugation system for mapping the chromosome of Pseudomonas syringae pv. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A conjugative plasmid found in F+ (male) bacterial cells that leads with high frequency to its transfer, and much less often to transfer of the bacterial chromosome, to an F− (female) cell lacking such a plasmid. (flashcardmachine.com)
These data suggest that the missing region on chromosome 7 in the c14CoS/c14CoS mouse contains a gene(s), which we propose to call Nmo-1n, encoding a trans-acting factor(s) that is a negative effector of the Nmo-1 and gadd genes. (nih.gov)
One of the variant forms of a gene at a particular locus on a chromosome . (nih.gov)
The genome of F. candida is diploid and consists of seven chromosome pairs [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, arsenic resistance is encountered primarily in serotype 4b clones considered to have enhanced virulence and is associated with an arsenic resistance gene cluster within a 35-kb chromosomal region, Listeria genomic island 2 (LGI2). (nih.gov)
To determine whether the presence of additional copies of the hha gene correlates with the presence of other genes, we performed a comparative genomic analysis between E. coli strains with and without hha duplications. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Despite the high genomic diversity of E. coli strains, we identified several duplicates in the genomes of almost all studied pathogenic strains. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
However, the risk inherent within a given resistome is predicated on the genomic context of various AMR genes, including their presence within mobile genetic elements (MGEs). (frontiersin.org)
My research for some years has been focused on PAX genes in development and cancer / overgrowth diseases, and I have also have a continuing focus on epigenetics / genomic imprinting research in childhood cancer. (otago.ac.nz)
The Alu sequence is approximately 300 bp in length and is found commonly in introns, 3′ untranslated regions of genes, and intergenic genomic regions. (nih.gov)
Anchor sequences are molecular markers that are unique loci in genetic linkage maps of multiple species and are used in comparative genomics for cross-species mapping along co-linear genomic regions. (nih.gov)
Intra-genomic rearrangements of collinear gene clusters were observed, of which 11 were organized as palindromes. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, differences in F plasmid conjugation in natural Salmonella isolates did not correlate with IncF or SpvB-virulence plasmid genotype. (frontiersin.org)

[ 21 ] This is certainly true for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens, and their capability for DNA exchange is central to virulence gene and fitness trait acquisition. (medscape.com)
From conjugation experiments, S . Typhimurium exhibited lower conjugation frequency with incFI and incFII plasmids when the spvB -virulence plasmid is present. (frontiersin.org)
This gene duplication analysis shows novel relationships between E. coli pathotypes and suggests that newly identified genes that are duplicated in a high percentage of pathogenic E. coli isolates may play a role in virulence. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Conjugation, in which genes are exchanged between indvidual bacterium, is an important route for transmission of antibiotic resistances and virulence factors to pathogenic bacteria. (usc.edu)
Conserved metabolic proteins encoded in phytoplasma genomes such as the malate dehydrogenase SfcA, several transporters and proteins involved in host-interaction, and virulence-associated effectors were not predicted for the acholeplasmas. (inrae.fr)
Typhoidal Salmonella serovars share virulence properties that were obtained through convergent evolution and therefore these virulence genes are absent from most non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes , in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. (lookformedical.com)
In order to expand our limited knowledge about R. ferrireducens , the complete genome sequence of this organism was further annotated and then the physiology of R. ferrireducens was investigated with a constraint-based, genome-scale in silico metabolic model and laboratory studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell , the organism (e.g. dominance ), and within the context of a population. (limswiki.org)
The intracellular or extracellular environment of a living cell or organism may increase or decrease gene transcription. (limswiki.org)

To examine the role of the CPS in host-pathogen interactions we constructed an insertional isogenic P. gingivalis knockout in the epimerase-coding gene epsC that is located at the end of the CPS biosynthesis locus. (biomedcentral.com)
K1 capsule biosynthesis could be restored by in trans expression of an intact epsC gene. (biomedcentral.com)
Probable connections, not nonetheless fully supported by experimental data, involving folate levels and cholesterol biosynthesis involve endoplasmic reticulum stress, which activates cholesterol biosynthesis genes, or by way of metabolic processes involving choline. (agckinase.com)
Also, the presence of genes involved in antibiotic biosynthesis was confirmed. (biomedcentral.com)

Download In order to carry out my studies on conjugation in Salmonella it was necessary for me to isolate nutritional mutants in the strains I wanted to use. (nih.gov)
The strains had all been isolated from cases of Salmonella gastroenteritis and were classified into 22 strain types on the basis of their sensitivity to a series of bacterial viruses. (nih.gov)
The distribution of plasmid entry exclusion genes traS / traT and traY / excA are variable in Salmonella IncF and IncI plasmids, respectively and may account for differences in emergent antimicrobial resistance for some Salmonella serovars. (frontiersin.org)
S. enterica is a highly diverse Gram-negative bacterial species that can be divided into typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars. (biomedcentral.com)

The complete genome of its endosymbiont Wolbachia , was also assembled and turned out to be the largest strain identified so far. (biomedcentral.com)

If the F-plasmid that is transferred has previously been integrated into the donor's genome (producing an Hfr strain ["High Frequency of Recombination"]) some of the donor's chromosomal DNA may also be transferred with the plasmid DNA. (wikipedia.org)
LGI2 was first identified in strain Scott A and includes genes putatively involved in arsenic and cadmium resistance, DNA integration, conjugation, and pathogenicity. (nih.gov)
This isolate was serotyped as a D strain, but otherwise the genome was found to be more similar to serovars E and F. [ 41 ] Other reports of recombination include the rs2 gene ( ct680 ) upstream of ompA , [ 42 ] and the mosaic strain B/D, which was isolated from a patient with trachoma, and a B/Da strain isolated from an STD patient. (medscape.com)
When two different mutants are plated together on minimal medium, growth only occurs if recombination generates a strain that has wild-type alleles at both loci. (nih.gov)
Results: The genomes of the E. coli enteroaggregative strain 042 and other pathogenic strains contain duplications of the gene that codes for the global regulator Hha. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The results showed that strains harboring additional copies of the hha gene also encode the yeeR irmA (aec69) gene cluster, which, in turn, is also duplicated in strain 042 and several other strains. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The identification of these duplications prompted us to obtain a global map of gene duplications, first in strain 042 and later in other E. coli genomes. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Duplications in the genomes of the enteroaggregative strain 042, the uropathogenic strain CFT073 and the enterohemorrhagic strain O145:H28 have been identified by a BLASTp protein similarity search. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
In addition, some duplicated genes are present only in specific pathotypes, and others are strain specific. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Analysis of the completely determined genomes of the plant-derived Acholeplasma brassicae strain O502 and A. palmae strain J233 revealed that the circular chromosomes are 1,877,792 and 1,554,229 bp in size, have a G + C content of 36 and 29%, and encode 1,690 and 1,439 proteins, respectively. (inrae.fr)
Comparative analysis of these sequences and previously published genomes of A. laidlawii strain PG-8, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' strains, 'Ca. P. australiense' and 'Ca. P. mali' show a limited shared basic genetic repertoire. (inrae.fr)

It is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer as are transformation and transduction although these two other mechanisms do not involve cell-to-cell contact. (wikipedia.org)
[ 30 ] Phage transduction, transformation or conjugation enable acquisition by horizontal gene transfer. (medscape.com)
Conjugative transfer is the most efficient way of horizontal gene spread, and it is therefore considered one of the major reasons for the increase in the number of bacteria exhibiting multiple-antibiotic resistance [ 16 ]. (degruyter.com)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is relatively common in plant mitochondrial genomes but the mechanisms, extent and consequences of transfer remain largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the transmission of genes across species boundaries and/or mating barriers. (biomedcentral.com)
A large number of genes (809) were acquired by horizontal gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)

My starting material was 22 strains of the bacterial species S. typhimurium that we received from Sweden in the diplomatic pouch. (nih.gov)
Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome . (lookformedical.com)
Quantitative PCR assays show that these three genes have a mitochondrial location in the one species line of Plantago examined. (biomedcentral.com)
However, samplings of multiple individuals from two of the three species in the recipient Plantago clade revealed complex and perplexing phylogenetic discrepancies and patterns of sequence divergence for all three of the foreign genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite intense investigations of genetically modified crops, due to the potential for transgene escape, there are very few examples of plants donating genes to any non-plant species [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Probe Set ID Ref Seq Protein ID Signal Strength Name Gene Symbol Species Function Swiss-Prot ID Amino Acid Sequence 1367452_at NP_598278 16.52 small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 precursor Sumo2 Rattus norvegicus " Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. (nih.gov)

First described to modulate metabolic adaptive responses, ppGpp modulates the expression of genes belonging to very diverse functional categories. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Picked SNP corresponded to 8 genes asso ciated with folate metabolic process, 5 genes related with vitamin B 12, vitamin A and vitamin E metabolism, and ten genes associated with cholesterol pathways or lipid metabolism. (agckinase.com)
In order to further elucidate the physiology of R. ferrireducens , the publicly available genome sequence http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/cmr was annotated in more detail and a genome-scale metabolic model was reconstructed using the constraint-based modeling approach [ 13 - 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

At the time, little was known about the nature of the gene, although the one gene:one enzyme hypothesis of George Beadle and Edward Tatum (Beadle and Tatum, 1941) gave some insight into function. (nih.gov)

The locus also includes the genes for the proteins that attach themselves to the surface of F− bacteria and initiate conjugation. (wikipedia.org)
Several proteins coded for in the tra or trb locus seem to open a channel between the bacteria and it is thought that the traD enzyme, located at the base of the pilus, initiates membrane fusion. (wikipedia.org)
In 1946, Lederberg had discovered that E. coli bacteria could exchange genetic material between the cells by the process of conjugation (Lederberg, 1947). (nih.gov)
They did not believe in these new developments and in fact, they didn't believe bacteria had genes but rather that they inherited acquired characteristics in the manner described by Lamarck. (nih.gov)
My task as graduate student was to determine whether conjugation occurs only in E. coli or was also found in other types of bacteria. (nih.gov)
Download The method Lederberg used to demonstrate genetic recombination resulting from conjugation was to cross two strains that contained complementary nutritional requirements and to select for bacteria that had lost the requirements. (nih.gov)
ppGpp is an intracellular sensor that, in response to different types of stress, coordinates the rearrangement of the gene expression pattern of bacteria to promote adaptation and survival to new environmental conditions. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
This coordinated response to oxidative stress and DNA damage, by way of the release of a mammalian battery of genes from negative control, bears an interesting resemblance to the SOS response in bacteria. (nih.gov)

Thus, conjugation and spread of antibiotic resistance represents a severe problem in antibiotic treatment, especially of immunosuppressed patients and in intensive care units. (degruyter.com)
There appear to be other plasmid or chromosomal genes at play in plasmid exclusion that may be responsible for the slow development of antibiotic resistance in certain serovars. (frontiersin.org)
Exogenous DNA can originate from a dead and lysed neighbor and may contain antibiotic resistance genes. (flashcardmachine.com)

Functional links between bacterial redox metabolism and factors triggering biofilm formation and conjugational processes are coming to the focus of the research, and this in silico study establishes one of the potential connections. (degruyter.com)
In contrast to phytoplasmas, the acholeplasma genomes differ by encoding the cell division protein FtsZ, a wide variety of ABC transporters, the F0F1 ATP synthase, the Rnf-complex, SecG of the Sec-dependent secretion system, a richly equipped repertoire for carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid, isoprenoid and partial amino acid metabolism. (inrae.fr)
Further analysis explained why R. ferrireducens is unable to grow via photosynthesis or fermentation of sugars like other members of this genus and uncovered novel genes for benzoate metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

Less frequently, larger lesions are created by unequal crossovers during recombination and the insertion of large pieces of DNA in the form of mobile DNA elements (transposons) and viral genomes. (flashcardmachine.com)
We provide the most advanced method for gene and shRNA delivery with an extensive collection of viral particles as well as a range of custom services. (amsbio.com)
The genome has apparently been shaped by viral attacks (e.g. (inrae.fr)
What is viral in Virologist actions is that a early source of the genetic Cry recombination reduces created written into the crop's selected ability, even that the Notice's single-gene leaf is the source. (be-mindful.de)

When "genes" are considered simply as segments of a nucleotide sequence, allele refers to each of the possible alternative nucleotides at a specific position in the sequence. (nih.gov)

This methods can be also applied to a controlled evolution of bacterial pathogenicity in microbial fuel cells, as the findings suggest the crosstalk between bacterial pathogenicity and bacterial electro-activity. (degruyter.com)

Conjugation diagram Donor cell produces pilus. (wikipedia.org)
Genes that allow for mating and pilus production, but also sequences that allow it to be replicated and transferred to the new host. (flashcardmachine.com)
Gene appearance profiling of high versus low pilus expressing sub-populations for strains TIGR4 (Clade I), 19F Taiwan 14 (Clade I), OREP4 (Clade I), 6B Finland 14 (Clade II) and 35B SME 15 (Clade III), by discovered DNA microarray evaluation. (baxkyardgardener.com)
Microarray appearance profile and traditional western blot analyses on entire bacterial lysates performed evaluating both enriched sub-populations, uncovered that pilus appearance is certainly regulated on the transcriptional level (on/off legislation), and that we now have no various other genes, furthermore to people encoded by PI-1, concurrently governed over the strains examined. (baxkyardgardener.com)

candidate gene A gene whose function suggests that it may be involved in the genetic variation observed for a particular trait, e.g., the gene for growth hormone is a candidate gene for body weight. (fao.org)
candidate-gene strategy An experimental approach in which knowledge of the biochemistry and/or physiology of a trait is used to draw up a list of genes whose protein products could be involved in the trait. (fao.org)
On this research we picked 65 SNP in 23 candidate genes to perform a marker trait association examine with plasma HDL adjusted for gender and entire body fat in Caucasian male and female study participants from two indepen dent populations. (agckinase.com)
Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded to study the function and behavior of genes. (limswiki.org)

The complete DNA sequence of the SCC mec region from the isolate showed a novel subtype of SCC mec V harboring clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated genes. (cdc.gov)
CAAT box (also CAT box) A conserved sequence found within the promoter region of the protein-encoding genes of many eukaryotic organisms. (fao.org)
The cad and apbE orthologs were coupled in the genomes and ApbE-specific motifs for FMN covalent attachment were identified in cad -encoded protein sequence and its orthologs. (degruyter.com)
We have identified an insertion sequence, IS 116 , present in Streptomyces clavuligerus at one copy per genome. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A sequence that provides an alternate representation of a locus . (nih.gov)
Patterns of sequence evolution suggest that these foreign genes degraded into pseudogenes shortly after transfer and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analyses demonstrate that none are detectably transcribed. (biomedcentral.com)
This study demonstrates that combining genome-scale modeling with the annotation of a new genome sequence can guide experimental studies and accelerate the understanding of the physiology of under-studied yet environmentally relevant microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)

The tra locus includes the pilin gene and regulatory genes, which together form pili on the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)

[ 36 ] These include the nine polymorphic membrane protein pmp loci, and a large family of secreted inc loci. (medscape.com)

Conjugation in Escherichia coli by spontaneous zygogenesis and in Mycobacterium smegmatis by distributive conjugal transfer differ from the better studied classical E. coli conjugation in that these cases involve substantial blending of the parental genomes. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, he focuses on the transfer origin (oriT) of the Escherichia coli F plasmid, the site on the DNA where a strand-specific nick is introduced, and the point from which one of the two DNA strands of the plasmid is unwound and transferred to a recipient during bacterial conjugation. (usc.edu)

When conjugation is initiated by a signal the relaxase enzyme creates a nick in one of the strands of the conjugative plasmid at the oriT. (wikipedia.org)
Functional coupling and comparative genomics analysis have been applied to study functional associations of orthologs of enterococcal cAD1 sex pheromone (P13268) known to be responsible for biofilm formation, conjugative plasmid transfer and spreading of bacterial antibiotics resistance. (degruyter.com)

Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. (lookformedical.com)

The large number of HGT genes related to lignocellulose degradation could be beneficial to unlock carbohydrate sources in soil, especially those contained in decaying plant and fungal organic matter. (biomedcentral.com)

Although several reports in the literature described the duplication of specific genes in E. coli, a detailed analysis of the extent of gene duplications in this microorganism is needed. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Intra- as well as inter-scaffold duplications of gene clusters may be a consequence of its parthenogenetic lifestyle. (biomedcentral.com)

HmuRSTUV is a bacterial hemin/hemoprotein uptake system. (bvsalud.org)
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia can result from increased production, impaired conjugation, or impaired hepatic uptake of bilirubin, a yellow bile pigment produced from hemoglobin during erythrocyte destruction. (medscape.com)

The transferred DNA can then be integrated into the recipient genome via homologous recombination. (wikipedia.org)
Figure 1 shows that bacterial colonies should be seen only when recombination has taken place. (nih.gov)
Studies thus concentrate on how diversity is generated and sustained by processes, such as mutation, recombination, lateral gene transfer, ecological pressures, and the like. (biomedcentral.com)

The info are methods of comparative gene appearance in development liquid cultures. (baxkyardgardener.com)

The process of transformation, whereby a bacterium incorporates DNA from the media into its genome, had been discovered in Pneumococcus in 1944 (Avery, Macleod, and McCarty, 1944) and was still considered questionable when I began working. (nih.gov)
How could a rifampicin resistant bacterium transfer its rifampicin resistance gene to a new host? (flashcardmachine.com)
Mating of that bacterium with a rifampicin-sensitive bacterium could result in transfer of the resistant gene to the new host. (flashcardmachine.com)

Interestingly, many CC1 strains harbored a noticeably diversified LGI2 (LGI2-1) in a unique location (LMOf2365_0902 homolog) and with a novel additional gene. (nih.gov)
This algorithm was also used to evaluate the distribution of the identified duplicates among the genomes of a set of 28 representative E. coli strains. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Conclusions: Several duplicated genes are widely distributed among pathogenic E. coli strains. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The columns signify arrays of different strains (two hybridizations had been performed with separately prepared examples), as well as the genes are represented with the rows. (baxkyardgardener.com)

Finally, the complex relationships within each lineage of transferred genes imply a surprisingly complicated history of these genes in Plantago subsequent to their acquisition via HGT and this history probably involves some combination of additional transfers (including intracellular transfer), gene duplication, differential loss and mutation-rate variation. (biomedcentral.com)

Background: Gene duplication underlies a significant proportion of gene functional diversity and genome complexity in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Cellular responses to oxidative stress: the [Ah] gene battery as a paradigm. (nih.gov)
The aromatic hydrocarbon-responsive [Ah] gene battery is considered here as a model system in which we can study metabolically coordinated enzymes that respond to phytoalexin-induced oxidative stress. (nih.gov)
The genome also revealed that R. ferrireducens is well-adapted for growth in the subsurface because it appears to be capable of dealing with a number of environmental insults, including heavy metals, aromatic compounds, nutrient limitation and oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)

CRISPRs) and its high plasticity is reflected by 163 detected genes related to transposases and integrases, a total of 494 paralogous genes and 24 group II introns. (inrae.fr)

Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. (wikipedia.org)
Classical E. coli bacterial conjugation is often regarded as the bacterial equivalent of sexual reproduction or mating since it involves the exchange of genetic material. (wikipedia.org)

During classical E. coli conjugation the donor cell provides a conjugative or mobilizable genetic element that is most often a plasmid or transposon. (wikipedia.org)

The remaining strand is replicated either independent of conjugative action (vegetative replication beginning at the oriV) or in concert with conjugation (conjugative replication similar to the rolling circle replication of lambda phage). (wikipedia.org)
Theoretically, phage display is an exogenous gene expression method which the gene encoding the interest protein is inserted into bacteriophage coat protein gene then displaying the interest protein on the phage surfaces, resulting in a connection between genotype and phenotype. (stratech.co.uk)
Through DNA manipulation, numerous gene variants can be created and constructed as phage display library. (stratech.co.uk)

The discovery of gene conversion between co-resident foreign and native mitochondrial copies suggests that transferred genes may be evolutionarily important in generating mitochondrial genetic diversity. (biomedcentral.com)
The expansion of stress response gene families suggests that stress defense was important to facilitate colonization of soils. (biomedcentral.com)

SNP linked with transfer of antioxidant vitamins, in cluding rs2118981 in the cellular retinol binding protein II gene, and that is crucial for vitamin A and retin oid transfer, and rs838892 SCARB1, had been also statistically important predictors while in the ultimate model. (agckinase.com)
Exceptions are the unusual duplication of rRNA operons in A. brassicae and an independently introduced second gene for a single-stranded binding protein in both genera. (inrae.fr)

The identical phylogenetic distribution of the three foreign genes within Plantago and the retention of cytidines at ancestral positions of RNA editing indicate that these genes were probably acquired via a single, DNA-mediated transfer event. (biomedcentral.com)
This high quality genome will be instrumental for evolutionary biologists investigating deep phylogenetic lineages among arthropods and will provide the basis for a more mechanistic understanding in soil ecology and ecotoxicology. (biomedcentral.com)

Because of the error rate of DNA replication (1 in 10^6-10^9) and the large size of the human genome (~3X10^9), it is likely to have many new mutations in its genome. (flashcardmachine.com)
Second, genetic AMOT( isoform) mutations can contribute YAP1 and WWTR1( TAZ) in their endogenous centromeres, a glycine that may forecast a dysmorphic base to translocate the mitochondria of these genes( Chan et al. (evakoch.com)

[ 31 ] Gene duplication expands families of related genes with differing functions and expression patterns. (medscape.com)
The acholeplasma genomes are characterized by a low number of rearrangements, duplication and integration events. (inrae.fr)

Genetics is the study of genes , genetic variation , and heredity in organisms . (limswiki.org)

The three other [Ah] battery Phase II genes behave similarly to Nmo-1 in the c14CoS/c14CoS mouse. (nih.gov)

IMPORTANCE Siderophore is a group of low molecular weight compounds with high affinity for ferric iron, which could facilitate bacterial iron consumption. (bvsalud.org)

Evolutionary gene networks reduce the risk of producing biodiversity estimates with limited explanatory power, biased either by unequal rates of LGT, or difficult to interpret due to (practical) problems caused by type I and type II grey zones. (biomedcentral.com)

These results suggest that MC delivery via microvesicles can mediate gene transfer to an extent that enables effective prodrug conversion and tumor cell death such that it comprises a promising approach to cancer therapy. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes , or other segments of DNA . (lookformedical.com)

We applied Pacific Bioscience sequencing and assembly to generate a reference genome for F. candida of 221.7 Mbp, comprising only 162 scaffolds. (biomedcentral.com)

Though there is some debate on the exact mechanism of conjugation it seems that the pili are the structures through which DNA exchange occurs. (wikipedia.org)

Other than the massive migration of bacterial genes into the nucleus after the endosymbiotic establishment of the mitochondrion and plastid [ 10 - 12 ], the transfer of non-plant genes into plants is also uncommon. (biomedcentral.com)
Posted on August , 2017 in Alagna F( 2013) Innovative Transcriptomics Approaches for Large Scale Identification of Genes Involved In Plant medical download Facility Piping Systems Handbook: For Industrial, Commercial, and Healthcare. (be-mindful.de)

Substantial gene family expansions and lineage-specific gene clusters were linked to stress response. (biomedcentral.com)
A substantial fraction of these genes are involved in lignocellulose degradation. (biomedcentral.com)

Although CPS is a major structure at the interface between the bacterial cell and the host, the exact role of P. gingivalis CPS is not yet clear. (biomedcentral.com)

Although the genetic structures of these plasmids were almost identical, distinct copy numbers of the blaKPC-2 gene were detected. (bvsalud.org)
photovoltaic Listeria, human because immune IL-1B hydrolysis is localized with obligate distinct types xerophthalmic as lung and bacterial serum( Masters et al. (evakoch.com)
[16] Mendel's work provided examples where traits were definitely not blended after hybridization, showing that traits are produced by combinations of distinct genes rather than a continuous blend. (limswiki.org)

Our data further support the role of ppGpp participating in the coordinated regulation of the expression of bacterial factors required during infection. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

To better understand these features and adaptations to life in the soil, we studied its genome in the context of its parthenogenetic lifestyle. (biomedcentral.com)

Organisms6

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Whole-genome5

Chromosome10

Genomic8

Plasmid conjugation1

Virulence6

Organism4

Biosynthesis4

Salmonella4

Complete genome1

Strain11

Horizontal6

Species6

Metabolic3

Edward Tatum1

Bacteria8

Antibiotic resistance3

Metabolism3

Viral4

Nucleotide sequence1

Pathogenicity1

Pilus4

Trait4

Sequence7

Pilin1

Membrane1

Escherichia2

Conjugative plasmid2

Eukaryotic organisms1

Fungal1

Duplications2

Uptake2

Recombination3

Comparative1

Bacterium3

Strains4

Acquisition1

Functional1

Oxidative stress3

Introns1

Genetic material2

Coli1

Phage3

Suggests2

Protein2

Phylogenetic2

Mutations2

Duplication2

Variation1

Similarly1

Molecular1

Evolutionary1

Extent1

Segments1

Generate1

Occurs1

Plant2

Substantial2

Cell1

Distinct3

Regulation1

Context1